‘रचना-प्रयोग’ का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

व्याकरण का व्यावहारिक प्रयोग सिखाना

‘द्वितीयः’ किस प्रकार की संख्या है?

क्रमवाचक (दूसरा)

What are the prudential and moral reasons for power-sharing?

The prudential reason is that power-sharing reduces conflict and ensures stability; the moral reason is that it is the very spirit of democracy, as people have a right to be consulted.

How did Belgium accommodate its regional and ethnic diversity?

It amended its constitution to share power equally among Dutch, French and German speakers at central, state and community levels, with a community government for cultural matters.

Why did Sri Lanka experience civil conflict?

Majoritarian policies favouring the Sinhala community in language, religion and jobs alienated the Tamil minority, leading to demands for autonomy and a prolonged civil war.

Distinguish between horizontal and vertical distribution of power.

Horizontal distribution shares power among organs of government at the same level, while vertical distribution shares power among central, state and local levels.

What forms can power-sharing take?

Among organs of government, among levels of government, among social and religious groups, and among political parties, pressure groups and movements.

What are the prudential and moral reasons for power-sharing?

The prudential reason is that it reduces conflict and ensures stability; the moral reason is that power-sharing is the very spirit of democracy, as people have a right to be consulted.

How did Belgium accommodate its regional and ethnic diversity?

It amended its constitution to share power equally among Dutch, French and German speakers at central, state and community levels, preventing conflict.

Why did Sri Lanka face civil conflict?

Majoritarian policies favouring the Sinhala community in language, religion and jobs alienated the Tamil minority, leading to demands for autonomy and a long civil war.

What is majoritarianism?

The belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in whatever way it wishes, disregarding the wishes of minorities.

Distinguish between horizontal and vertical distribution of power.

Horizontal distribution shares power among organs of government at the same level (legislature, executive, judiciary), while vertical distribution shares it among central, state and local levels.

Power-sharing

Class 10 Social Science · Political Science — Democratic Politics-II · Chapter 1

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This chapter introduces power-sharing as a central feature of democracy, using the contrasting examples of Belgium and Sri Lanka. Belgium, with its Dutch, French and German-speaking communities, worked out an ingenious arrangement to share power among regions and communities at every level, avoiding conflict. Sri Lanka, by contrast, followed majoritarian policies that favoured the Sinhala majority and ignored the Tamil minority, leading to alienation, distrust and a long civil war. From these cases the chapter draws two reasons for power-sharing: a prudential reason — that it reduces conflict and ensures the stability of the political order — and a moral reason — that power-sharing is the very spirit of democracy, since people who are affected by a government have the right to be consulted. It then sets out the main forms of power-sharing: among the organs of government (horizontal distribution), among governments at different levels (vertical distribution), among social groups, and among political parties, pressure groups and movements.

The case of BelgiumThe case of Sri LankaMajoritarianism and its effectsPrudential and moral reasons for power-sharingForms of power-sharingHorizontal and vertical distribution

Key terms

Power-sharing

The distribution of political power among different groups and levels of government.

Majoritarianism

The belief that the majority community should be able to rule as it wishes.

Prudential reason

A reason based on careful calculation of gains, such as avoiding conflict.

Moral reason

A reason based on values — that power-sharing is the spirit of democracy.

Horizontal distribution

Sharing power among the legislature, executive and judiciary at the same level.

Vertical distribution

Sharing power among different levels of government — central, state and local.

Ethnic group

A social group sharing a common culture, language or descent.

Civil war

A violent conflict between opposing groups within the same country.

Belgium and Sri Lanka

Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka

Accommodation in Belgium

Let us read newspaper

Let us revise

Khalil’s dilemma

Reigning the Reins

Forms of power-sharing

Let us revise

Exercises

Try one from this chapter

The prudential reason for power-sharing is that it:

Flashcards & interactive practice

Power-sharing

CBSE Class 10 Board Examination community

Summary

Key terms

Extra questions & answers

Belgium and Sri Lanka

Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka

Accommodation in Belgium

Let us read newspaper

Let us revise

Khalil’s dilemma

Reigning the Reins

Forms of power-sharing

Let us revise

Exercises

Practice quiz · Power-sharing

Data & insights