‘रचना-प्रयोग’ का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

व्याकरण का व्यावहारिक प्रयोग सिखाना

‘द्वितीयः’ किस प्रकार की संख्या है?

क्रमवाचक (दूसरा)

What are the main causes of the depletion of forest and wildlife?

The expansion of agriculture, large development and irrigation projects, mining, overgrazing, hunting and pollution, often made worse by unequal access to resources.

What is the IUCN classification used for?

It classifies species by conservation status — normal, endangered, vulnerable, rare, endemic and extinct — to guide protection efforts.

How are forests classified on the basis of management?

As reserved forests (most protected), protected forests, and unclassed forests.

How does community participation help conservation?

Local involvement, as in the Chipko Movement and Joint Forest Management, conserves forests sustainably while meeting people’s needs and giving them a stake in protection.

Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?

They maintain ecological balance, preserve genetic diversity, provide resources and livelihoods, and sustain the water, air and soil cycles on which life depends.

What are the main causes of the depletion of forests and wildlife?

Expansion of agriculture, large development and mining projects, overgrazing, hunting and pollution, often worsened by unequal access to resources.

How are forests classified on the basis of management?

As reserved forests, protected forests and unclassed forests, in decreasing order of protection.

What is the IUCN classification used for?

To group species by their conservation status — such as endangered, vulnerable, rare, endemic and extinct — so that protection can be focused.

How does community participation help in conservation?

Local involvement, as in the Chipko Movement and Joint Forest Management, protects forests sustainably while meeting people’s needs and giving them a stake in conservation.

What is Project Tiger, and why was it launched?

A conservation programme started in 1973 to protect the tiger and its habitat from extinction due to poaching and loss of habitat.

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Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife ResourcesClass 10 Social Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

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Species that are in danger of extinction are classified as:

Summary

This chapter looks at the rich biodiversity of India and the threats it faces. The variety of flora and fauna sustains ecological balance and human life, yet human actions — the expansion of farming and industry, large development projects, mining, overgrazing, hunting and pollution — have endangered or wiped out many species. The IUCN classifies species as normal, endangered, vulnerable, rare, endemic and extinct, helping focus protection. The chapter explains how colonial forestry, the spread of cultivation and unequal access to resources drove the depletion of forests and wildlife. It then surveys conservation efforts: the Wildlife (Protection) Act, the creation of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves, and flagship schemes such as Project Tiger. Forests are classified by management as reserved, protected and unclassed. The chapter stresses that conservation succeeds best with community participation, citing the Chipko Movement, sacred groves, and the Joint Forest Management programme, where local people protect and benefit from forests.

Biodiversity of IndiaCauses of depletion of flora and faunaIUCN conservation categoriesTypes of forestsConservation projects and lawsCommunity and forest conservation

Key terms

Biodiversity

The variety of plant and animal life in a region.

Endangered species

Species in danger of extinction if the causes of decline continue.

Endemic species

Species found naturally only in a particular area.

Extinct species

Species that are no longer found anywhere on Earth.

Reserved forests

Forests strictly protected for conserving forest and wildlife resources.

Chipko Movement

A community movement that protected trees by hugging them to stop felling.

Joint Forest Management

A scheme involving local communities in protecting and managing forests.

Project Tiger

A 1973 conservation programme to protect the tiger and its habitat.

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The variety of plant and animal life in a region.

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Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife ResourcesClass 10 Social Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

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Practice quiz · Forest and Wildlife Resources

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