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‘द्वितीयः’ किस प्रकार की संख्या है?

क्रमवाचक (दूसरा)

Why are political parties necessary in a democracy?

They contest elections, form governments, make and oppose policies, shape public opinion and link citizens to the government, making large-scale representative democracy workable.

What challenges do political parties face?

A lack of internal democracy, dynastic succession, the growing use of money and muscle power, and offering voters little real choice between them.

Suggest some reforms to strengthen political parties.

Enforce the anti-defection law, make internal elections and the disclosure of finances compulsory, ensure a minimum share of tickets for women, and regulate party funding.

How are national and state parties recognised?

By the Election Commission, on the basis of the proportion of votes and seats a party secures in Lok Sabha or Assembly elections across states.

Why are political parties necessary in a democracy?

They contest elections, form governments, make and oppose policies, shape public opinion and link citizens to the government, making large-scale democracy workable.

What challenges do political parties face?

A lack of internal democracy, dynastic succession, the growing use of money and muscle power, and offering voters little meaningful choice.

Suggest some reforms to strengthen political parties.

Enforce the anti-defection law, make internal elections and disclosure of finances compulsory, ensure a fair share of tickets for women, and regulate funding.

How are national and state parties recognised?

By the Election Commission, on the basis of the proportion of votes and seats a party secures in Lok Sabha or Assembly elections.

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Chapter 4: Political PartiesClass 10 Social Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

Q: What are the main functions of political parties?

Contesting elections, framing policies and programmes, making laws, forming and running governments, acting as the opposition and shaping public opinion.

Q: What are the main functions of political parties?

Contesting elections, framing policies and programmes, making laws, forming and running governments, acting as the opposition and shaping public opinion.

Try one from this chapter

A political party is a group of people who:

Summary

This chapter explains what political parties are and why they are necessary for democracy. A party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power, bound by a shared set of policies and programmes for the society. Parties perform key functions: contesting elections, putting forward policies and programmes, making laws, forming and running governments, acting as the opposition, shaping public opinion, and giving people access to government and welfare schemes. The chapter describes party systems — one-party, two-party and multi-party — and explains why India, given its social diversity, has a multi-party system. It distinguishes national and state parties on the basis of recognition and vote share by the Election Commission. It then discusses the challenges parties face — the lack of internal democracy, dynastic succession, the growing role of money and muscle power, and the failure to offer a meaningful choice to voters — and suggests reforms such as anti-defection laws, mandatory disclosure of finances and steps to make parties more democratic and accountable.

Meaning and necessity of partiesFunctions of political partiesParty systemsNational and state parties in IndiaChallenges to political partiesReforms to strengthen parties

Key terms

Political party

A group that contests elections to gain power and pursue shared policies.

Ruling party

The party or alliance that forms and runs the government.

Opposition

Parties that are not in power and check and criticise the government.

Multi-party system

A system in which many parties compete and contest for power.

Defection

Changing party allegiance after being elected on a party’s ticket.

National party

A party recognised across many states by the Election Commission.

Partisan

A person strongly committed to a party or faction.

Affidavit

A signed legal document candidates file declaring their details.

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A group that contests elections to gain power and pursue shared policies.

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Chapter 4: Political PartiesClass 10 Social Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

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Practice quiz · Political Parties

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