‘रचना-प्रयोग’ का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

व्याकरण का व्यावहारिक प्रयोग सिखाना

‘द्वितीयः’ किस प्रकार की संख्या है?

क्रमवाचक (दूसरा)

What is globalisation?

It is the process of the rapid integration of countries through greater foreign trade and investment and the movement of goods, services, technology, capital and people.

How do MNCs spread their production across countries?

They set up units, buy local companies or place orders with them where labour and resources are cheap and markets are accessible, connecting production across the world.

What was the impact of liberalisation in 1991?

It removed many trade barriers and restrictions, allowing freer imports, exports and foreign investment, and integrating India more closely with the world economy.

Why is globalisation criticised?

Because its benefits are unevenly shared — small producers and workers face stiff competition and insecurity, while developed countries often keep unfair trade advantages.

How can globalisation be made fairer?

Through government policies that protect workers and small producers, a fairer WTO, and ensuring that the gains of globalisation reach the poor and not only the well-off.

What is globalisation?

The process of the rapid integration of countries through greater foreign trade and investment and the movement of goods, services, technology, capital and people.

How do multinational corporations spread their production across countries?

They set up units, buy local companies, or place orders with them where labour and resources are cheap and markets are accessible, connecting production worldwide.

What was the impact of liberalisation in 1991?

It removed many trade barriers and restrictions, allowing freer imports, exports and foreign investment, and integrating India more closely with the world economy.

Why is globalisation criticised?

Because its benefits are unevenly shared — small producers and workers face stiff competition and insecurity, while developed countries often keep unfair trade advantages.

How can globalisation be made fairer?

Through government policies that protect workers and small producers, a fairer WTO, and ensuring that the gains reach the poor and not only the well-off.

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Chapter 4: Globalisation and the Indian EconomyClass 10 Social Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

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Globalisation is the rapid integration of countries through:

Summary

This chapter explains globalisation as the rapid integration of countries through trade, investment, and the movement of goods, services, technology, capital and people. It describes the central role of multinational corporations (MNCs), which set up or control production across several countries to use cheaper labour and resources and to reach new markets, connecting distant economies. Foreign trade and foreign investment have grown rapidly since India’s liberalisation in 1991, when many trade barriers and restrictions on imports and investment were removed. The chapter discusses the factors that have enabled globalisation — especially advances in transport and information and communication technology — and the role of the World Trade Organisation in liberalising trade, while noting that developed countries often retain unfair advantages. It weighs the impact of globalisation, recognising benefits such as greater choice, better quality, lower prices and new jobs for some, against the struggles of small producers and workers who face stiff competition, and concludes that globalisation should be made fairer so its benefits are shared more widely.

Meaning of globalisationMultinational corporations and productionForeign trade and integration of marketsFactors enabling globalisationLiberalisation and the WTOImpact and fairness of globalisation

Key terms

Globalisation

The integration of economies through trade, investment, technology and movement of people.

Multinational corporation

A company that owns or controls production in more than one country.

Foreign investment

Investment made by MNCs and others to buy assets or set up production abroad.

Liberalisation

Removing government barriers and restrictions on trade and investment.

World Trade Organisation

An international body that aims to liberalise world trade.

Trade barriers

Restrictions such as taxes on imports used to regulate foreign trade.

Special Economic Zone

An area with world-class facilities and tax benefits to attract investment.

Foreign trade

The exchange of goods and services between countries.

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The integration of economies through trade, investment, technology and movement of people.

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Chapter 4: Globalisation and the Indian EconomyClass 10 Social Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

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