Chapter 1: DevelopmentClass 10 Social Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

Summary

This chapter introduces the idea of development and how it is measured. It begins by showing that different people have different developmental goals, and that what is development for one may be destructive for another. Besides higher income, people seek other goals such as equal treatment, freedom, security, respect and a good environment. The chapter explains how countries are compared using average or per capita income, but points out its limitations, since averages hide how income is distributed among people. It introduces broader measures of development used by the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Report, which combines income with health and education indicators such as literacy rate, net attendance ratio, life expectancy and the Human Development Index. The chapter also discusses public facilities like schools, clinics and clean water as essential for a good quality of life, and warns about the sustainability of development, since resources like groundwater and the environment must not be overused if development is to continue for future generations.

Key terms

Extra questions & answers

WHAT DEVELOPMENT PROMISES — DIFFERENT PEOPLE, DIFFERENT GOALS

LET’S WORK THESE OUT

LET’S WORK THESE OUT

ACTIVITY 1

Average Income

LET’S WORK THESE OUT

LET’S WORK THESE OUT

ACTIVITY 2

ACTIVITY 3

Example 1: Groundwater in India

Example 2: Exhaustion of Natural Resources

EXERCISES

ADDITIONAL PROJECT / ACTIVITY

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