Introducing Indian Society
Class 12 Sociology · Indian Society · Chapter 1
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Sociology
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Sociology
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Sociology
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History
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Hindi Elective
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Geography
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English Core
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Mathematics
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हिंदी (आधार)
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Accountancy
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اردو (اختیاری)
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Mathematics
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हिंदी (आधार)
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संस्कृतम् (केन्द्रिकम्)
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Physics
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हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
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संस्कृत (ऐच्छिक)
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Physics
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हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
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اردو (کور)
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Chemistry
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Urdu Elective
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Computer Science
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Chemistry
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Fine Art · Painting
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हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (गायन / वादन)
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Biology
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Informatics Practices
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Accountancy
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Biotechnology
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Accountancy
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सृजनात्मक लेखन और अनुवाद
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Business Studies
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हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (तबला / पखावज)
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Business Studies
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Economics
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Economics
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History
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History
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History
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Geography
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Geography
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Geography
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English Elective · Kaleidoscope
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Political Science
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Political Science
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Psychology
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English Core · Flamingo
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English Core · Vistas
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Home Science
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Home Science
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Summary
Sociology differs from other school subjects because no one starts from zero — everyone already knows something about society simply from growing up in it. This familiarity is both an advantage and a disadvantage: our common-sense knowledge is partial, in the double sense of being incomplete and being biased towards the viewpoint of the social group into which we are socialised. Learning sociology therefore begins with a process of 'unlearning' this taken-for-granted knowledge so that we can see social reality more fully and impartially. A central skill the discipline teaches is self-reflexivity — the ability to turn one's critical gaze back on oneself and to see how one appears to others. Sociology also locates each individual on a social map of groups defined by age, region, language, class, religion, caste or tribe, and shows how these groups relate to one another. Following C. Wright Mills, the chapter explains the sociological imagination as the ability to connect 'personal troubles' (an individual's private worries) with 'public issues' (problems affecting large groups). The chapter previews the rest of the book: India's demographic structure, the institutions of caste, tribe and family, the market as a social institution, patterns of inequality and exclusion, and the challenges of cultural diversity in a nation that prizes unity in diversity.
Key terms
Sociology
The systematic study of human society, social groups and social relationships.
Common sense
Taken-for-granted, partial knowledge about society acquired without explicit teaching.
Unlearning
Setting aside biased, incomplete common-sense ideas in order to study society sociologically.
Self-reflexivity
The capacity to reflect critically on oneself and see how one appears to others.
Sociological imagination
C. Wright Mills' idea of linking personal troubles to wider public issues.
Social map
The web of group memberships (age, class, region, religion, caste) that locates an individual in society.
Extra questions & answers
Try one from this chapter
Sociology is said to be unlike other subjects mainly because: