Globalisation and Social Change
Class 12 Sociology · Social Change and Development in India · Chapter 6
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اردو (اختیاری)
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हिंदी (आधार)
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संस्कृतम् (केन्द्रिकम्)
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Physics
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हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
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संस्कृत (ऐच्छिक)
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Physics
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हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
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اردو (کور)
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Chemistry
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Urdu Elective
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Computer Science
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Chemistry
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Fine Art · Painting
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हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (गायन / वादन)
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Biology
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Informatics Practices
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Accountancy
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Biotechnology
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Accountancy
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सृजनात्मक लेखन और अनुवाद
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Business Studies
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हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (तबला / पखावज)
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Business Studies
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Economics
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Economics
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History
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History
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History
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Geography
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Geography
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Geography
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Psychology
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English Core · Flamingo
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Home Science
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Home Science
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Summary
Globalisation refers to the growing interdependence between people, regions and countries as social and economic relationships stretch worldwide. Sociology uses the sociological imagination to connect the local and the global, the micro and the macro — showing how WTO rules or imported goods affect a remote farmer or a neighbourhood grocer. Global interconnections are not entirely new: India was linked to the world through the Silk Route, colonialism, and migration. What is distinctive about contemporary globalisation is its intensity and the communication revolution driving it. In India globalisation is closely tied to liberalisation, the range of policies adopted since 1991 to open the economy, often under conditions attached to IMF loans (structural adjustment). The chapter outlines the economic dimensions — transnational corporations (TNCs), the electronic and weightless or knowledge economy, the globalisation of finance, global communications and the digital divide, and a new international division of labour (illustrated by Nike) producing flexible, post-Fordist production. Politically, globalisation followed the collapse of the socialist world and is linked to neo-liberal policies, the rise of regional bodies (EU, ASEAN, SAARC) and international governmental and non-governmental organisations. Culturally, it raises debates over homogenisation versus glocalisation (the mixing of global and local, as when McDonald's goes vegetarian), the culture of consumption and corporate culture, gender, and threats to indigenous crafts, knowledge systems and traditional entertainers.
Key terms
Globalisation
The growing worldwide interdependence of people, regions and countries.
Liberalisation
Policies adopted in India since 1991 to open the economy to the world market.
Transnational corporation
A company that produces goods or services in more than one country.
Glocalisation
The mixing of the global with the local, often as a marketing strategy.
Digital divide
The unequal access of different groups to information and communication technologies.
Knowledge economy
A weightless economy based on information, design, services and technology.
Extra questions & answers
Try one from this chapter
Globalisation refers to the growing: