The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth
Class 12 Geography · Fundamentals of Human Geography · Chapter 2
CBSE Class 12 Board Examination community
View all
Geography
3~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Geography
Physics, Chemistry, Maths + English
8~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Mathematics
- Physics
- + 3 more
Physics, Chemistry, Biology + English
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Physics
- Chemistry
- + 3 more
Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics + English
9~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Accountancy
- Business Studies
- + 3 more
Geography
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Geography
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Geography
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Physics
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Physics
History
3~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- History
Hindi Elective
2~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- हिंदी
Mathematics
2~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Mathematics
Sociology
2~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Sociology
Economics
2~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Economics
Home Science
2~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Home Science
Urdu Elective
2~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- اردو
- Urdu Elective
Accountancy
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Accountancy
English Core
2~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Flamingo
- Vistas
Political Science
2~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Political Science
Chemistry
2~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Chemistry
Business Studies
2~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Business Studies
Hindi Core
2~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- हिंदी
Mathematics
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदी (आधार)
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Accountancy
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
اردو (اختیاری)
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Mathematics
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदी (आधार)
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
संस्कृतम् (केन्द्रिकम्)
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Physics
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
संस्कृत (ऐच्छिक)
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Physics
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
TrendingStart now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
اردو (کور)
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Chemistry
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Urdu Elective
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Computer Science
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Chemistry
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Fine Art · Painting
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
TrendingStart now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (गायन / वादन)
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Biology
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Informatics Practices
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Accountancy
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Biotechnology
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Accountancy
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
सृजनात्मक लेखन और अनुवाद
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Business Studies
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (तबला / पखावज)
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Business Studies
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Economics
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Economics
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
TrendingStart now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
History
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
History
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
History
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
English Elective · Kaleidoscope
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Political Science
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Political Science
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Sociology
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Sociology
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Psychology
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
English Core · Flamingo
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
English Core · Vistas
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Home Science
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Home Science
~50days leftPre-boards · school dates varyDec 2026 · school-specific · tentative
Start now for December pre-boards. Reuse it for boards.- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Summary
People are a country's real wealth, yet the world's population is very unevenly distributed — about 90 per cent of people live on only 10 per cent of the land, and ten countries hold roughly 60 per cent of the total. Population distribution describes how people are spaced over the earth, while density of population is the ratio of people to land, measured in persons per square kilometre. Distribution is shaped by geographical factors (availability of water, landforms, climate and soils), economic factors (minerals, urbanisation and industrialisation), and social, cultural and political factors. Population change over time may be positive or negative and has three components: births, deaths and migration. The crude birth rate and crude death rate measure births and deaths per thousand people; natural growth equals births minus deaths, while actual growth also adds in-migration and subtracts out-migration. Migration involves push factors at the place of origin and pull factors at the place of destination, and a person is both an emigrant and an immigrant. The demographic transition theory describes a society moving from high birth and death rates (stage one) through falling death rates with high births (stage two) to low birth and death rates (stage three) as it becomes urban, industrial and literate. Thomas Malthus warned that population could outrun food supply, so family planning and population control are important for sustainability.
Key terms
Population density
The number of persons living per unit area, usually expressed as persons per square kilometre.
Crude birth rate
The number of live births in a year per thousand of the population.
Crude death rate
The number of deaths in a year per thousand of the population.
Demographic transition
A model describing the change of a society from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as it modernises.
Push and pull factors
Conditions that drive people away from a place of origin and attract them to a place of destination.
Natural growth
The increase in population obtained as the difference between births and deaths in an area.
Extra questions & answers
Try one from this chapter
Roughly what share of the world's land holds about 90 per cent of its population?