Directing
Class 12 Business Studies · Business Studies Part I · Chapter 7
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Business Studies
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Physics, Chemistry, Maths + English
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Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics + English
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Business Studies
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Business Studies
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Physics
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History
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Hindi Elective
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Mathematics
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Sociology
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Economics
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Home Science
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Urdu Elective
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Geography
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Accountancy
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English Core
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Political Science
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Chemistry
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Hindi Core
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Mathematics
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हिंदी (आधार)
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Accountancy
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اردو (اختیاری)
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Mathematics
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हिंदी (आधार)
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संस्कृतम् (केन्द्रिकम्)
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Physics
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हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
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संस्कृत (ऐच्छिक)
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Physics
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हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
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اردو (کور)
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Chemistry
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Urdu Elective
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Computer Science
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Chemistry
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Fine Art · Painting
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हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (गायन / वादन)
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Biology
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Informatics Practices
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Accountancy
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Biotechnology
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Accountancy
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सृजनात्मक लेखन और अनुवाद
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हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (तबला / पखावज)
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Economics
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Economics
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History
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History
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- Charts from the book's own data
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History
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Geography
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- Charts from the book's own data
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Geography
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Geography
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English Elective · Kaleidoscope
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Political Science
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Political Science
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Sociology
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Sociology
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Psychology
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English Core · Flamingo
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English Core · Vistas
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Home Science
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Home Science
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Summary
Directing is the management function of instructing, guiding, communicating with, inspiring and supervising employees so that they work towards organisational goals. Its features are: it initiates action, runs at every level, flows from top to bottom, is a continuous process and brings together the human factor. Its importance lies in initiating action, integrating efforts, motivating employees to give their best, providing stability and balance, and coping with changes in the environment. Directing has four important elements — supervision, motivation, leadership and communication. Supervision means overseeing subordinates at work; a supervisor links management and workers. Motivation is the process of stimulating people to act and reach goals. A motive is an inner state that energises behaviour, and incentives may be financial (pay, bonus, profit sharing, perquisites) or non-financial (status, recognition, job security, employee participation, autonomy). Maslow's need hierarchy theory explains motivation through five ascending needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualisation. Leadership is the process of influencing people to direct their efforts towards goals; a good leader shows physical features, knowledge, integrity, initiative, communication skills, decisiveness, motivation skills, self-confidence and social skill. Communication is the exchange of ideas and understanding; it may be formal (following the official chain through vertical, horizontal or diagonal flow) or informal (the grapevine). Barriers to communication may be semantic, psychological, organisational or personal, and can be overcome by clarifying ideas, consistent messages, feedback and good listening.
Meaning and importance of directingElements of directing and supervisionMotivation and incentivesMaslow's need hierarchyLeadership and its qualitiesCommunication and its barriers
Key terms
Directing
Instructing, guiding, motivating, leading and supervising employees to achieve organisational goals.
Supervision
Overseeing the work of subordinates and guiding them at the operational level.
Motivation
The process of stimulating people to action so that they accomplish desired goals.
Incentive
A reward, financial or non-financial, that induces an employee to perform better.
Leadership
The process of influencing people to willingly direct their effort towards goal achievement.
Grapevine
The informal channel of communication that spreads through social relationships.
Extra questions & answers
Try one from this chapter
Directing is the function of: