What traumatic event does Zitkala-Sa describe at the school?

The forcible cutting of her long hair

Why was the cutting of her hair so humiliating to Zitkala-Sa?

Among her people, shingled hair was worn by cowards and mourners

What is a functional structure?

A structure in which jobs of a similar nature are grouped together under functional departments.

What is a divisional structure?

A structure in which activities are grouped by product lines, each division handling its own product.

Differentiate formal and informal organisation.

Formal organisation is deliberately created with defined roles; informal organisation arises spontaneously from social interaction.

What is decentralisation?

The systematic delegation of decision-making authority to the lower levels of management throughout the organisation.

State one importance of delegation.

It reduces the workload of managers and helps develop the subordinates (also basis of superior-subordinate relations).

Give one advantage of decentralisation.

It develops initiative and managerial talent at lower levels and leads to quicker decisions.

Organising

Q: Define organising.

It is the process of identifying and grouping work, assigning duties and establishing authority relationships to achieve goals.

Q: List the steps in the organising process.

Identifying and dividing work, departmentalisation, assigning duties and establishing reporting relationships.

Q: Define delegation.

It is the downward transfer of authority and the entrustment of responsibility from a superior to a subordinate.

Q: Name the three elements of delegation.

Authority, responsibility and accountability.

Class 12 Business Studies · Business Studies Part I · Chapter 5

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CBSE Class 12 · Business Studies

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31 marks: Organising, a 6-marker every set
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Summary

Organising is the management function of identifying and grouping the work to be done, assigning duties, establishing authority-responsibility relationships and allocating resources to achieve goals. The organising process involves identifying and dividing the work, departmentalisation, assigning duties and establishing reporting relationships. Its importance lies in the benefits of specialisation, clarity in working relationships, optimum use of resources, adaptation to change, effective administration, the development of personnel and the expansion and growth of the enterprise. Organising results in an organisation structure, which may be functional (grouping jobs of similar nature under functional departments) or divisional (grouping activities by product lines). The functional structure suits firms with a single product line, gives specialisation and economy, but can create departmental conflict; the divisional structure suits multi-product firms, fixes accountability and aids growth, but costs more and may lead to inter-divisional rivalry. A formal organisation is a deliberately designed structure of roles, while an informal organisation arises spontaneously from social interaction among employees; both have merits and limitations. Delegation is the downward transfer of authority and the entrustment of responsibility; its elements are authority, responsibility and accountability. Decentralisation is the systematic delegation of authority throughout the organisation, giving lower levels more decision-making power. Delegation reduces a manager's workload and develops subordinates, while decentralisation relieves top management, develops initiative and managerial talent and gives quicker decisions.

Meaning and process of organisingImportance of organisingFunctional and divisional structuresFormal and informal organisationDelegation of authorityDecentralisation

Key terms

Organising

Identifying and grouping work, assigning duties and establishing authority relationships to achieve goals.

Organisation structure

The framework of authority-responsibility relationships, either functional or divisional.

Formal organisation

A deliberately designed structure of roles and relationships to achieve organisational goals.

Informal organisation

A network of social relationships that arises spontaneously among employees.

Delegation

The downward transfer of authority and entrustment of responsibility from a superior to a subordinate.

Decentralisation

The systematic delegation of authority throughout all levels of the organisation.

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Organising is the process of:

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Organising

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Summary

Key terms

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Practice quiz · Organising

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