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Social Science · 14 chapters
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Chapter 3: Landforms and LifeClass 6 Social Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

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What are the three main types of landforms?

Summary

A landform is a physical feature on the Earth's surface, shaped over millions of years. Landforms are broadly divided into three types — mountains, plateaus and plains — each with its own climate, flora, fauna and ways of human life. Mountains are much higher than their surroundings, with a broad base, steep slopes and narrow summit; many form ranges such as the Himalayas, Alps and Andes. Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga are the highest Himalayan peaks. Young mountains like the Himalayas are tall and sharp; older ones like the Aravallis are rounded by erosion. Mountain life involves terrace farming, herding, tourism and pilgrimage, but also challenges like landslides, avalanches and flash floods. Plateaus rise above surrounding land with a flat top; examples include the Tibetan Plateau (‘Roof of the World’) and the Deccan Plateau. They are rich in minerals — ‘storehouses of minerals’ — and have spectacular waterfalls. Plains are flat or gently undulating, usually below 300 m; floodplains formed by rivers depositing sediments are very fertile, making agriculture the main occupation. About 40 crore people live in India's Ganga plain. Deserts, hot or cold, are a further landform. Humans have adapted to every landform, showing remarkable resilience.

Three types of landformsMountains, ranges and mountain lifePlateaus and their mineralsPlains and floodplainsDeserts and human adaptability

Key terms

Landform
A physical feature on the Earth's surface, formed over millions of years; the three main types are mountains, plateaus and plains.
Plateau
A landform that rises above the surrounding land and has a more or less flat top, often with steep sides.
Plain
An extensive flat or gently undulating landform, usually less than 300 m above sea level.
Terrace farming
Cultivation on hill slopes by cutting steps into the slope, common in mountainous regions.
Tributary
A river that flows into and joins a larger river, such as the Yamuna joining the Ganga.
Sediments
Particles of rock, sand and silt carried and deposited by rivers, making floodplains fertile.

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A physical feature on the Earth's surface, formed over millions of years; the three main types are mountains, plateaus and plains.
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