The primary sector involves activities that:

produce goods directly from nature

Which of these belongs to the secondary sector?

Manufacturing cloth from cotton in a factory

What is participatory democracy?

It is a system in which good governance empowers citizens to actively take part in their country's functioning at every level.

Why is urban governance more complex than rural governance?

Because cities are larger, more crowded and more diverse than villages, so the system needed to run them must also be more complex.

What are urban local bodies?

They are the decentralised local government structures that manage towns and cities, giving communities a direct say.

What is a ward and what does a ward committee do?

A ward is a smaller unit of a city; its committee organises activities like health camps and reports problems such as leaks, blocked drains and damaged roads.

List three functions of urban local bodies.

Maintaining infrastructure, garbage collection and disposal, and collecting local taxes and fines (also implementing schemes and maintaining burial grounds).

Which urban local body governs a city with over 10 lakh people?

A Municipal Corporation, also called Mahanagar Nigam.

Which body governs a city of 1 to 10 lakh people?

A Municipal Council, also called Nagar Palika.

What governs smaller towns?

A Nagar Panchayat governs cities and towns with smaller populations.

Which is the oldest municipal body in India?

The Madras Corporation (now Greater Chennai Corporation), established on 29 September 1688.

Why must citizens perform duties for urban local bodies to work well?

Because tasks like waste segregation and reporting leaks make the bodies' work easier and prevent waste — this is participatory democracy.

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Chapter 12: Grassroots Democracy – Part 3: Local Government in Urban Areas — Class 6 Social Science

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Chapter 12: Grassroots Democracy – Part 3: Local Government in Urban Areas

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A system in which governance empowers citizens to take part at every level is called:

Summary

Good governance in a democracy aims to empower citizens to take part in their country's functioning at every level — this is participatory democracy. Cities are more complex and diverse than villages, so urban governance is also more complex. Local government in towns and cities works through ‘urban local bodies’, which are decentralised, meaning local communities have a direct say in how their areas are run. Cities are divided into smaller units called wards, and ward committees organise activities like health camps and report problems such as water leaks, blocked drains and damaged roads. Urban local bodies handle infrastructure, garbage collection and disposal, burial grounds, implementing government schemes, and collecting local taxes and fines. There are three kinds of top urban bodies based on population: a Municipal Corporation (Mahanagar Nigam) for cities above 10 lakh people; a Municipal Council (Nagar Palika) for 1 to 10 lakh; and a Nagar Panchayat for smaller towns. The Madras Corporation (now Greater Chennai Corporation), set up in 1688, is the oldest in India, and Indore has been judged the cleanest city for seven years running. For these bodies to work well, citizens must also do their duties, such as segregating waste and reporting leaks.

Participatory democracy in citiesUrban local bodies and decentralisationWards and ward committeesFunctions of urban local bodiesTypes of urban bodies by population

Key terms

Urban local body

The decentralised local government structure that runs towns and cities.

Decentralised

Run by local communities with a direct say, rather than by a central authority at the top.

Ward

A smaller unit into which a city or town is divided; ward committees handle local activities and problems.

Municipal Corporation

The highest urban local body (Mahanagar Nigam) for cities with a population above 10 lakh.

Municipal Council

The urban local body (Nagar Palika) for cities with a population between 1 and 10 lakh.

Nagar Panchayat

The urban local body for smaller towns with relatively low populations.

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The decentralised local government structure that runs towns and cities.

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Grassroots Democracy – Part 3: Local Government in Urban Areas

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