What went wrong when the king rode under the arch?

It was too low and knocked off his crown

How does the chain of blame unfold in the poem?

Each accused person blames another, ending with the king's own changes

How does the Peninsular Block differ from the Himalayas geologically?

The Peninsular Block is ancient, rigid and stable (gneisses and granites), while the Himalayas are young, weak, flexible and tectonic in origin.

Name the six physiographic divisions of India.

The Northern and North-eastern Mountains, the Northern Plain, the Peninsular Plateau, the Indian Desert, the Coastal Plains and the Islands.

Name the belts of the Northern Plain from north to south.

The Bhabar, the Tarai, and the alluvial plains divided into Bhangar (old) and Khadar (new).

What is the Bhabar belt?

A narrow 8–10 km belt along the Shiwalik foothills where streams deposit boulders and at times disappear.

Which is the highest peak of the Peninsular plateau?

Anaimudi (2,695 m) on the Anaimalai hills of the Western Ghats.

How do the Western and Eastern Ghats compare?

The Western Ghats are higher (about 1,500 m) and more continuous, while the Eastern Ghats are lower, discontinuous and highly eroded by rivers.

What are the three groups of the Peninsular plateau?

The Deccan Plateau, the Central Highlands and the North-eastern Plateau.

How do the western and eastern coastal plains differ?

The western coast is a narrow submerged plain (with natural ports and no deltas), while the eastern coast is a broad emergent plain with well-developed deltas.

Where is India's only active volcano located?

On Barren Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Structure and Physiography

Q: Name the three geological divisions of India.

The Peninsular Block, the Himalayas and other Peninsular Mountains, and the Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.

Class 11 Geography · India Physical Environment · Chapter 2

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Summary

India's landforms have evolved over about 4,600 million years through endogenic and exogenic forces and the northward movement of the Indian plate. Geologically, India has three divisions: the Peninsular Block, the Himalayas and other Peninsular Mountains, and the Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain. The Peninsular Block is an ancient, rigid mass of gneisses and granites, while the young, weak and flexible Himalayas are tectonic in origin and dissected by youthful rivers. Physiographically India is divided into six divisions: (1) the Northern and North-eastern Mountains (the Himalayas, about 2,500 km long, and the north-eastern hills); (2) the Northern Plain, formed by alluvium of the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra, with the Bhabar, Tarai, Bhangar and Khadar belts; (3) the Peninsular Plateau (Deccan Plateau, Central Highlands and North-eastern Plateau), with the Western Ghats higher and more continuous than the Eastern Ghats and Anaimudi (2,695 m) its highest peak; (4) the Indian Desert (Marusthali) west of the Aravalis; (5) the Coastal Plains (the submerged western coast and the emergent eastern coast with deltas); and (6) the Islands (the Andaman and Nicobar groups in the Bay of Bengal, including Barren Island, India's only active volcano, and the coral Lakshadweep and Minicoy in the Arabian Sea). (Refer to the map in the NCERT textbook.)

Structure and Physiography

Key terms

Peninsular Block

the ancient, rigid landmass of gneisses and granites forming the stable core of India.

Bhabar

a narrow belt of pebbles and boulders along the Shiwalik foothills where streams disappear.

Tarai

the marshy, swampy belt south of the Bhabar where streams re-emerge.

Khadar and Bhangar

the new and old alluvial deposits of the northern plains.

Anaimudi

the highest peak of the Peninsular plateau (2,695 m) on the Anaimalai hills.

Marusthali

the Great Indian Desert west of the Aravali hills, receiving below 150 mm of rainfall.

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How many geological divisions is India divided into?

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Structure and Physiography

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Key terms

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