What went wrong when the king rode under the arch?

It was too low and knocked off his crown

How does the chain of blame unfold in the poem?

Each accused person blames another, ending with the king's own changes

What is the difference between a natural hazard and a natural disaster?

A hazard is an element with the potential to cause harm; a disaster is a relatively sudden event that causes large-scale, widespread loss.

Why are there more earthquakes in the Himalayas and north-eastern region?

Because the Indian plate moves northward against the Eurasian plate, locking and accumulating energy that is released as earthquakes along the Himalayan arch.

Into how many earthquake zones is India divided?

Five: very high, high, moderate, low and very low damage-risk zones.

What is a tsunami and how does it behave near the coast?

A seismic sea wave; it has a small height over deep water but its height increases greatly (up to 15 m or more) as it enters shallow water near the coast.

What are the initial conditions for the formation of a tropical cyclone?

A large supply of warm, moist air, a strong Coriolis force, unstable conditions through the troposphere and the absence of a strong vertical wind wedge.

Name the four types of droughts.

Meteorological, agricultural (soil moisture), hydrological and ecological droughts.

Natural Hazards and Disasters

Q: When does a hazard become a disaster?

When the magnitude of destruction and damage caused by it is very high, causing widespread death and loss over which people have little control.

Q: Name the four categories of natural disasters.

Atmospheric, terrestrial, aquatic and biological.

Q: What are the three stages of disaster management?

Pre-disaster management (preparedness), during-disaster rescue and relief, and post-disaster rehabilitation and recovery.

Class 11 Geography · India Physical Environment · Chapter 6

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Summary

A disaster is an undesirable occurrence resulting from forces largely outside human control that strikes quickly and causes serious disruption of life and property. Natural hazards are elements of the natural environment with the potential to cause harm, while natural disasters are relatively sudden, widespread events causing large-scale loss. Disasters can be caused by natural forces or by human activities (directly, like the Bhopal Gas tragedy, or indirectly, like deforestation-induced floods). Natural disasters are classified as atmospheric, terrestrial, aquatic and biological. India, vast and diverse, experiences most of them. Earthquakes, the most unpredictable and destructive, result from the northward movement of the Indian plate against the Eurasian plate; India is divided into five earthquake-damage-risk zones. Tsunamis are seismic sea waves generated by sudden sea-floor movement, devastating coasts (as in December 2004). Tropical cyclones, energised by latent heat, strike the eastern and western coasts and cause storm surges. Floods, slow and well-identified, recur in Assam, West Bengal and Bihar, while droughts (meteorological, agricultural, hydrological and ecological) affect Rajasthan and central India. Landslides, controlled by localised factors, occur in the Himalayas and Western Ghats. Disaster management involves pre-disaster preparedness, during-disaster rescue and relief, and post-disaster rehabilitation, supported by the Disaster Management Bill, 2005. (Refer to the map in the NCERT textbook.)

Natural Hazards and Disasters

Key terms

Disaster

an undesirable occurrence from forces largely outside human control causing serious disruption to life and property.

Natural hazard

an element of the natural environment with the potential to cause harm to people or property.

Tsunami

high seismic sea waves (harbour waves) generated by sudden displacement of the sea floor.

Storm surge

the abnormal rise in sea level caused by a tropical cyclone striking the coast.

Meteorological drought

a prolonged period of inadequate rainfall with poor distribution over time and space.

Disaster Management Bill, 2005

the law defining disaster and providing for disaster management in India.

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When does a hazard become a disaster?

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Natural Hazards and Disasters

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Practice quiz · Natural Hazards and Disasters

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