International Organisations
Class 12 Political Science · Contemporary World Politics · Chapter 4
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हिंदी (आधार)
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Accountancy
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اردو (اختیاری)
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Mathematics
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हिंदी (आधार)
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संस्कृतम् (केन्द्रिकम्)
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Physics
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हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
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संस्कृत (ऐच्छिक)
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Physics
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हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
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اردو (کور)
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Chemistry
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Urdu Elective
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Computer Science
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Chemistry
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Fine Art · Painting
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हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (गायन / वादन)
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Biology
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Informatics Practices
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Accountancy
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Biotechnology
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Accountancy
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सृजनात्मक लेखन और अनुवाद
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Business Studies
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हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (तबला / पखावज)
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Economics
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Economics
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History
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History
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History
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Geography
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Geography
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Geography
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English Elective · Kaleidoscope
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Psychology
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English Core · Flamingo
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Home Science
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Home Science
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Summary
This chapter explains why the world needs international organisations and focuses on the United Nations after the Cold War. International organisations are not super-states; they are created by states to help resolve conflicts peacefully and to tackle shared problems like disease, global warming and trade that no single country can solve alone. The UN was founded in 1945 as a successor to the failed League of Nations, with the aim of preventing war and promoting development. Its key bodies include the General Assembly, where every member has one vote, and the Security Council, whose five permanent members (US, Russia, UK, France, China) hold the veto. The Secretary-General is its most visible figure. After the Cold War, demands grew to reform the UN — especially to enlarge the Security Council and reconsider the veto — to reflect new realities. India supports such reform and seeks permanent membership, citing its population, democracy, peacekeeping record and growing economy, though some countries object. The chapter argues the UN cannot fully balance US power but provides a vital forum for dialogue. It also profiles the IMF, World Bank, WTO, IAEA, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.
Key terms
United Nations
The international organisation founded in 1945 to prevent war and promote cooperation and development among states.
Security Council
The UN body responsible for peace and security, with five veto-wielding permanent members and ten non-permanent members.
Veto power
The negative vote by which any one permanent member of the Security Council can block a resolution.
General Assembly
The UN organ in which every member state has one equal vote.
WTO
The World Trade Organisation, set up in 1995 as successor to GATT, which frames the rules of global trade.
IAEA
The International Atomic Energy Agency, which promotes peaceful use of nuclear energy and prevents military misuse.
Extra questions & answers
Try one from this chapter
The United Nations was founded in: