‘रचना-प्रयोग’ का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

व्याकरण का व्यावहारिक प्रयोग सिखाना

‘द्वितीयः’ किस प्रकार की संख्या है?

क्रमवाचक (दूसरा)

Why is the rate of breathing faster in aquatic organisms than in land animals?

Water has much less dissolved oxygen than air, so aquatic organisms must breathe faster to obtain enough.

Why is the human heart called a double pump?

Its right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and its left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body, keeping the two circuits separate.

What are life processes? Name them.

The basic functions performed by living organisms to stay alive: nutrition, respiration, transportation and excretion.

What is photosynthesis, and what are its raw materials?

The process by which green plants make food (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, releasing oxygen.

How is the small intestine suited for absorption of food?

It is long and lined with finger-like villi that greatly increase the surface area and are rich in blood vessels for the rapid absorption of digested food.

Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to break down glucose completely into CO₂ and water, releasing more energy; anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, giving products like lactic acid or alcohol and less energy.

Describe the human heart as a double pump.

Its right side receives and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while its left side receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body, keeping the two streams of blood separate (refer to the diagram of the heart in your NCERT textbook).

What is the role of xylem and phloem in plants?

Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, while phloem transports the food made in the leaves to all other parts.

What is excretion, and what is the function of a nephron?

Excretion is the removal of harmful metabolic wastes from the body; the nephron is the filtering unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine.

How do plants get rid of their waste products?

Plants store some wastes in cells or as resins and gums, release oxygen and CO₂ through stomata, lose water by transpiration, and shed wastes when leaves, bark and fruits fall off.

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Chapter 5: Life ProcessesClass 10 Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

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The process by which green plants make their own food is:

Summary

Life processes are the basic functions that keep an organism alive: nutrition, respiration, transportation and excretion. Nutrition may be autotrophic, as in green plants that make food by photosynthesis, or heterotrophic, as in animals; human digestion breaks food down through the alimentary canal with the help of enzymes. Respiration releases energy from food, and may be aerobic (using oxygen, releasing more energy) or anaerobic. Transportation moves materials around the body — in humans through blood pumped by a four-chambered heart, and in plants through xylem (water and minerals) and phloem (food). Excretion removes metabolic wastes; in humans the kidneys filter blood through units called nephrons, while plants lose waste through stomata, falling leaves and stored deposits. Together these processes maintain life and energy balance.

Nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic)RespirationTransportation in plants and animalsExcretionHuman digestive and circulatory systems

Key terms

Photosynthesis

Process by which green plants make glucose using sunlight, CO₂ and water.

Aerobic respiration

Breakdown of glucose using oxygen, releasing more energy.

Nephron

The structural and functional filtering unit of the kidney.

Xylem and phloem

Plant tissues transporting water/minerals and food respectively.

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Process by which green plants make glucose using sunlight, CO₂ and water.

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Chapter 5: Life ProcessesClass 10 Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

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