Class 10 › Science Control and Coordination Class 10 Science · Chapter 6
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View all 15 amazing Marks Booster kits → Control and coordination keep an organism’s responses organised. In animals this is done by the nervous system and the endocrine system. The nervous system uses neurons to carry electrical impulses; a reflex action follows a quick pathway called the reflex arc, while the brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system that processes information and controls voluntary and involuntary actions. The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones — such as insulin, adrenaline, thyroxine and growth hormone — that travel in the blood to regulate slower, long-term processes. Plants coordinate without nerves: they show movements such as tropisms (growth towards or away from a stimulus like light or gravity) and use plant hormones like auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins and abscisic acid to control growth, ripening and responses to the environment.
Neuron
A nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses.
Reflex arc
The nerve pathway followed in an automatic reflex action.
Hormone
A chemical messenger secreted by an endocrine gland into the blood.
Tropism
Directional growth of a plant in response to a stimulus.
Q1 What is the difference between a reflex action and walking? Answer Q2 Why is the use of iodised salt advisable? Answer Q3 What is a neuron, and what are its main parts? Answer Q4 What is a reflex action? Give an example. Answer Q5 What is a reflex arc? Answer Q6 Name the three major parts of the human brain and one function of each. Answer Q7 What are hormones? Name two and their functions. Answer Q8 Why is the use of iodised salt advisable? Answer Q9 What are tropic movements in plants? Give two types. Answer Q10 How do plant hormones help in coordination? Answer Q1 Put some sugar in your mouth. How does it taste? Answer Q2 Block your nose by pressing it between your thumb and index finger. Now eat sugar again. Is there any difference in its taste? Answer Q3 While eating lunch, block your nose in the same way and notice if you can fully appreciate the taste of the food you are eating. Answer Q4 Is there a difference in how sugar and food taste if your nose is blocked? If so, why might this be happening? Read and talk about possible explanations for these kinds of differences. Do you come across a similar situation when you have a cold? Answer Q1 1. What is the difference between a reflex action and walking? Answer Q2 2. What happens at the synapse between two neurons? Answer Q3 3. Which part of the brain maintains posture and equilibrium of the body? Answer Q4 4. How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti (incense stick)? Answer Q5 5. What is the role of the brain in reflex action? Answer Q1 Fill a conical flask with water. Answer Q2 Cover the neck of the flask with a wire mesh. Answer Q3 Keep two or three freshly germinated bean seeds on the wire mesh. Answer Q4 Take a cardboard box which is open from one side. Answer Q5 Keep the flask in the box in such a manner that the open side of the box faces light coming from a window (Fig. 6.5). Answer Q6 After two or three days, you will notice that the shoots bend towards light and roots away from light. Answer Q7 Now turn the flask so that the shoots are away from light and the roots towards light. Leave it undisturbed in this condition for a few days. Answer Q8 Have the old parts of the shoot and root changed direction? Answer Q9 Are there differences in the direction of the new growth? Answer Q10 What can we conclude from this activity? Answer Q1 1. What are plant hormones? Answer Q2 2. How is the movement of leaves of the sensitive plant different from the movement of a shoot towards light? Answer Q3 3. Give an example of a plant hormone that promotes growth. Answer Q4 4. How do auxins promote the growth of a tendril around a support? Answer Q5 5. Design an experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism. Answer Q1 Look at Fig. 6.7. Answer Q2 Identify the endocrine glands mentioned in the figure. Answer Q3 Some of these glands have been listed in Table 6.1 and discussed in the text. Consult books in the library and discuss with your teachers to find out about other glands. Answer Q1 Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands and have specific functions. Complete Table 6.1 based on the hormone, the endocrine gland or the functions provided. Answer Q1 1. How does chemical coordination take place in animals? Answer Q2 2. Why is the use of iodised salt advisable? Answer Q3 3. How does our body respond when adrenaline is secreted into the blood? Answer Q4 4. Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin? Answer Q1 1. Which of the following is a plant hormone?
(a) Insulin
(b) Thyroxin
(c) Oestrogen
(d) Cytokinin. Answer Q2 2. The gap between two neurons is called a
(a) dendrite.
(b) synapse.
(c) axon.
(d) impulse. Answer Q3 3. The brain is responsible for
(a) thinking.
(b) regulating the heart beat.
(c) balancing the body.
(d) all of the above. Answer Q4 4. What is the function of receptors in our body? Think of situations where receptors do not work properly. What problems are likely to arise? Answer Q5 5. Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function. Answer Q6 6. How does phototropism occur in plants? Answer Q7 7. Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury? Answer Q8 8. How does chemical coordination occur in plants? Answer Q9 9. What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism? Answer Q10 10. How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other? Answer Q11 11. Compare and contrast nervous and hormonal mechanisms for control and coordination in animals. Answer Q12 12. What is the difference between the manner in which movement takes place in a sensitive plant and the movement in our legs? Answer
The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the:
A nucleus B nephron C neutron D neuron
Flashcards & interactive practice 
