‘रचना-प्रयोग’ का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

व्याकरण का व्यावहारिक प्रयोग सिखाना

‘द्वितीयः’ किस प्रकार की संख्या है?

क्रमवाचक (दूसरा)

What is the function of an earth wire in domestic circuits?

It provides a low-resistance path to the ground, protecting users from electric shock if a fault makes the appliance’s body live.

State the principle of an electric motor.

A current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field experiences a force, which rotates the coil — converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

What is a magnetic field, and how is its direction shown?

The region around a magnet or current-carrying conductor where a magnetic force acts; its direction is shown by magnetic field lines, which run from north to south outside a magnet (refer to the field-line diagram in your NCERT textbook).

State the right-hand thumb rule.

If a current-carrying conductor is held in the right hand with the thumb pointing in the direction of the current, the curled fingers show the direction of the magnetic field around it.

What is the magnetic field due to a current-carrying solenoid like?

The field inside a solenoid is uniform and resembles that of a bar magnet, with one end acting as a north pole and the other as a south pole.

State Fleming’s left-hand rule and where it is applied.

If the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of the left hand are held mutually perpendicular, the forefinger shows the field, the middle finger the current, and the thumb the force; it gives the force direction in an electric motor.

What is the principle of an electric motor?

A current-carrying coil placed in a magnetic field experiences a force that rotates it, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

What is electromagnetic induction?

The production of an induced current in a coil due to a change in the magnetic field around it; its direction is given by Fleming’s right-hand rule.

What is the function of the three wires — live, neutral and earth — in a domestic circuit?

The live wire carries current to the appliance, the neutral completes the circuit, and the earth wire provides a safe path for current to the ground, protecting users from shock.

What are fuses and short circuits?

A fuse is a safety device that melts and breaks the circuit when too much current flows; a short circuit is the accidental contact of live and neutral wires, causing a sudden large current.

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Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric CurrentClass 10 Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

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A current-carrying conductor produces around it a:

Summary

A current-carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it, a discovery that links electricity and magnetism. Magnetic field lines show the direction and strength of the field; the field of a straight wire, a circular loop and a solenoid can be predicted using rules such as the right-hand thumb rule. A current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force whose direction is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule — the principle behind the electric motor, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Conversely, a changing magnetic field induces a current in a conductor (electromagnetic induction), described by Fleming’s right-hand rule and used in the electric generator. The chapter also covers domestic electric circuits, the role of live, neutral and earth wires, and safety devices like fuses and earthing.

Magnetic field and field linesField due to a current-carrying conductor and solenoidForce on a conductor and the electric motorElectromagnetic induction and the generatorDomestic circuits and safety

Key terms

Magnetic field

The region around a magnet or current where a magnetic force acts.

Fleming’s left-hand rule

Gives the force direction on a conductor in a magnetic field.

Electromagnetic induction

Production of current by a changing magnetic field.

Electric generator

A device converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

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The region around a magnet or current where a magnetic force acts.

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Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric CurrentClass 10 Science — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions

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