Culture and Socialisation
Class 11 Sociology · Introducing Sociology · Chapter 4
2SociologyAll 2 books, one purchase
- Sociology
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
7Physics, Chemistry, Maths + EnglishEvery subject, one purchase
- Mathematics
- Physics
- + 3 more
₹1997 kits · ~₹28 eachGet all 7 kits
Physics, Chemistry, Biology + EnglishEvery subject, one purchase
- Physics
- Chemistry
- + 3 more
₹1997 kits · ~₹28 eachGet all 7 kits
7Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics + EnglishEvery subject, one purchase
- Accountancy
- Business Studies
- + 3 more
₹1997 kits · ~₹28 eachGet all 7 kits
SociologyRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
SociologyRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
AccountancyAll 2 books, one purchase
- Accountancy
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
2Hindi ElectiveAll 2 books, one purchase
- हिंदी
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
2Hindi CoreAll 2 books, one purchase
- हिंदी
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
2ChemistryAll 2 books, one purchase
- Chemistry
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
2Political ScienceAll 2 books, one purchase
- Political Science
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
2Urdu ElectiveAll 2 books, one purchase
- اردو
- Urdu Elective
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
2Hindustani Music (Vocal / Melodic)All 2 books, one purchase
- हिंदुस्तानी संगीत
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
2Home ScienceAll 2 books, one purchase
- Home Science
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
2English CoreAll 2 books, one purchase
- Hornbill
- Snapshots
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
3GeographyAll 3 books, one purchase
- Geography
₹693 kits · ~₹23 eachGet all 3 kits
2EconomicsAll 2 books, one purchase
- Economics
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
PhysicsAll 2 books, one purchase
- Physics
₹692 kits · ~₹35 eachGet both kits
TrendingMathematicsRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
PhysicsRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
PhysicsRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
ChemistryRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
ChemistryRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
BiologyRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
TrendingAccountancyRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
AccountancyRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
Business StudiesRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
EconomicsRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
EconomicsRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
HistoryRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
GeographyRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
GeographyRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
GeographyRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
Political ScienceRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
Political ScienceRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
PsychologyRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
English Core · HornbillRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
English Core · SnapshotsRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
English Elective · Woven WordsRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
हिंदी (आधार)Revise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
हिंदी (आधार)Revise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)Revise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)Revise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
संस्कृतम् (केन्द्रिकम्)Revise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
संस्कृत (ऐच्छिक)Revise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
اردو (کور)Revise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
اردو (اختیاری)Revise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
Urdu ElectiveRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
Computer ScienceRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
TrendingInformatics PracticesRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
Home ScienceRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
Home ScienceRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
Fine Art · PaintingRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
BiotechnologyRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
Knowledge TraditionsRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
सृजनात्मक लेखन और अनुवादRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
Health and Physical EducationRevise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (गायन / वादन)Revise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (गायन / वादन)Revise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹39Get the kit
हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (तबला / पखावज)Revise all of it in about an hour
- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
₹69Get the kit
Summary
Culture is the common, learned understanding developed through social interaction that gives a group its identity; unlike the everyday use of the word for refined taste in the arts, sociologists treat it as the whole way of life shared by all members of a society. Cultures are dynamic, always changing, and cannot be ranked as superior or inferior, only judged adequate or inadequate in coping with nature, as the tsunami example of tribal foreknowledge shows. Culture has three dimensions: the cognitive (how we process and give meaning to information), the normative (rules of conduct — folkways, mores, customs, conventions and laws, backed by sanctions) and the material (tools, technology, machines and goods); when material change outpaces non-material values, a culture lag results. Identity is fashioned, not inherited, through roles and through sub-cultures with their own styles and codes. Ethnocentrism judges other cultures by the standards of one's own and assumes superiority, whereas a cosmopolitan outlook values difference and enriches a culture through borrowing. Cultural change may be internal or external, evolutionary or revolutionary. Socialisation is the lifelong process by which a helpless infant becomes a self-aware, knowledgeable member of society; the wolf-children example shows that without it one cannot be fully human. Primary socialisation happens in the family and secondary socialisation through school, peer groups, mass media and work. Socialisation is not mere programming — it is the source of our individuality and freedom, and it is deeply gendered.
Culture and Socialisation
Key terms
Culture
The common, learned way of life — knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law and custom — shared by members of a society.
Socialisation
The lifelong process by which an individual learns to become a member of society.
Cognitive, normative and material culture
The three dimensions of culture: how we make meaning, the rules of conduct, and the tools and goods we use.
Culture lag
A situation in which non-material values and norms fail to keep pace with rapid material or technological change.
Ethnocentrism
Judging other cultures by the values of one's own and assuming one's own culture is superior.
Subculture
A group within a larger culture, marked by distinct style, taste and association, that borrows from and reworks the larger culture.
Extra questions & answers
Try one from this chapter
In sociology, culture is understood as: