What went wrong when the king rode under the arch?

It was too low and knocked off his crown

How does the chain of blame unfold in the poem?

Each accused person blames another, ending with the king's own changes

What is meant by development?

Development refers to the progressive, orderly and relatively enduring changes in an individual that begin at conception and continue through the lifespan.

Distinguish between growth and development.

Growth refers to a quantitative increase in size or mass, while development is the overall progressive and qualitative change in structure and function over time.

What are the main factors that influence development?

Development is influenced by the interaction of heredity (genetic endowment) and environment, along with the social and cultural context in which a person grows.

List the four key features of the life-span perspective.

Development is lifelong, multidimensional, plastic (modifiable), and influenced by historical and socio-cultural conditions.

Name the three periods of the prenatal stage.

The germinal period, the embryonic period and the foetal period.

What are the main characteristics of infancy?

Rapid sensory and motor development, the formation of attachment with the caregiver, and the beginning of language and cognition.

Why is adolescence called a period of transition?

It bridges childhood and adulthood, bringing physical changes of puberty, the search for personal identity, abstract thinking and increased independence.

What are some challenges faced during adolescence?

Coping with peer pressure, risk of eating disorders, substance abuse, delinquency and the struggle to form a stable identity.

What is Bronfenbrenner's ecological model?

It describes development as influenced by nested environmental systems: the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem.

What developmental tasks mark adulthood and old age?

Adulthood involves career, marriage and parenthood, while old age involves adjusting to retirement, declining health and the reorganisation of social roles.

Human Development

Class 11 Psychology · Psychology · Chapter 3

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CBSE Class 11 · Psychology

Methods of Enquiry: 13 marks, biggest unit

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CBSE Class 11 · Psychology

Methods of Enquiry: 13 marks, biggest unit

Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each
11 marks each: Units I and III
9 marks: Learning, Unit V
8 marks each: Perception and Memory
Every school with its founder
Comparisons examiners ask for

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Summary

Human development is the pattern of progressive, orderly and predictable changes that begin at conception and continue throughout the lifespan. Development involves growth, maturation and learning, and is studied from a life-span perspective in which development is lifelong, multidimensional, plastic and influenced by historical and cultural conditions. Development results from the interaction of heredity (genetic inheritance through genes and chromosomes) and environment, together with the context of development which includes the family, neighbourhood, school, society and culture. Bronfenbrenner's ecological model describes nested systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem) that influence the developing person. The major stages are the prenatal stage (germinal, embryonic and foetal periods), infancy (rapid sensory-motor development, attachment and language onset), childhood (physical, cognitive and socio-emotional growth, including Piaget's preoperational and concrete-operational thinking and moral development), adolescence as a period of transition marked by puberty, the search for identity, abstract thinking and challenges such as peer pressure, eating disorders and substance abuse, and finally adulthood and old age involving career, marriage, parenthood and adjustment to ageing and retirement. Each stage has distinctive developmental tasks and characteristics that shape the whole personality.

Meaning of DevelopmentLife-Span Perspective on DevelopmentGrowth, Development, Maturation and EvolutionFactors Influencing DevelopmentContext of DevelopmentOverview of Developmental StagesPrenatal StageInfancyChildhoodChallenges of AdolescenceAdulthood and Old Age

Key terms

Development

The pattern of progressive, orderly and predictable changes that begin at conception and continue through the lifespan.

Growth

An increase in the size of body parts or of the organism as a whole, a quantitative aspect of development.

Maturation

The unfolding of genetically determined characteristics and behaviours that emerge in an orderly sequence with age.

Heredity

The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring through genes and chromosomes.

Adolescence

The transitional period between childhood and adulthood marked by puberty and the search for identity.

Attachment

The close emotional bond that develops between an infant and the caregiver.

Ecological model

Bronfenbrenner's view that development is shaped by nested environmental systems from the microsystem to the macrosystem.

Extra questions & answers

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Development refers to changes that begin at:

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