Trigonometric Functions — Class 11 Mathematics
Mathematics · Chapter 3
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Chapter summary
Trigonometric ratios of acute angles are generalised here to trigonometric functions of any angle. Angles are measured in degrees or in radians, related by , and an arc of length in a circle of radius subtends so . Using a unit circle, and are the coordinates of a point, giving , and . Sine and cosine are periodic with period ; their signs vary by quadrant. The chapter derives the sum and difference formulas, e.g. and , the double- and triple-angle identities such as and , and the product-to-sum and sum-to-product transformations. These identities let us evaluate functions at angles like and prove a wide range of trigonometric equalities.
Angles: degree and radian measureArc length \(l=r\theta\)Trigonometric functions on the unit circleSigns, domain and range by quadrantSum and difference identitiesDouble, triple and half-angle formulaeProduct-to-sum and sum-to-product formulae
Key ideas & terms
- Radian measure
- Angle subtended at the centre by an arc equal to the radius;
. - Arc length relation
- In a circle of radius
, where is in radians. - Pythagorean identity
, with and . - Sum formula
; . - Double angle
; . - Periodicity
and repeat every ; and repeat every .
Extra questions & answers
Convert into radian measure.
Radian
State the relation between arc length, radius and angle.
If an arc of length
Give the range and period of and .
Both have domain


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