ProSyllabus Journal CBSE Class 12 Board Examination Complete Summary and Solutions for Corporate Communication and Public Relations – NCERT Human Ecology and Family Sciences, Chapter 14 – Study Summary, Explanation, Questions, Answers Detailed summary and explanation of Chapter 14 'Corporate Communication and Public Relations' from the NCERT Human Ecology and Family Sciences textbook for Class XII. This chapter covers the meaning, significance, and scope of corporate communication and PR, functions, skills required, internal and external communication, the role of PR in creating a positive public perception, principles and ethics of PR, use of technology in communication, and includes review questions and project ideas.
Updated 11 months ago NCERT · Class XII · Human Ecology and Family Sciences · Chapter 14 · Corporate Communication · Public Relations · Communication Skills · PR Ethics · Internal Communication · External Communication · Technology · Summary · Questions · Answers
#Corporate Communication #Public Relations #PR Functions #Communication Skills #Internal Communication #External Communication #Communication Technology #PR Ethics #Stakeholder Management #Human Ecology #Family Sciences #NCERT #Class 12 #Summary #Explanation #Questions #Answers #Career #Chapter 14
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Corporate Communication and Public Relations - Class 11 Human Ecology & Family Sciences Chapter 14 Ultimate Study Guide 2025
Full Chapter Summary & Detailed Notes
Key Definitions & Terms
Textbook Questions & Answers
Key Concepts
Functions & Areas
Anecdotes & Examples
Interactive Quiz (10 Q)
Quick Revision Notes & Mnemonics
Key Terms & Processes
Communication Processes Step-by-Step
Full Chapter Summary & Detailed Notes - Corporate Communication and Public Relations Class 11 NCERT
Overview & Learning Objectives
Chapter Goal : Understand meaning/significance/scope of corporate communication/PR; functions/skills; areas/principles. Exam Focus: Perception management, crisis handling, 7 principles, 7 Cs, internal/external communication; 2025 Updates: Digital PR, ethics in AI communication. Fun Fact: PR shapes 90% perception by actions. Core Idea: Communication as management tool for reputation. Real-World: Crisis like aggressive behavior questions company. Expanded: All subtopics point-wise with evidence (e.g., 1990 study), examples (e.g., press releases), debates (e.g., manipulation ethics).Wider Scope : From perception to global liaison; sources: Arthur Page principles, practical on press relations.Expanded Content : Include modern aspects like social media PR; point-wise for recall; add 2025 relevance like virtual communication.
Introduction & Significance
Corporate Communication : Manages internal/external; creates favorable points.Significance : Controls perception; crisis handling defines reaction.Statistics : 88% engineers link productivity to communication (1990 study); 97% CEOs see job satisfaction boost.PR Role : Art/science; builds mutual understanding.Ethics : Avoid commercialization; no fixers/manipulators.Example: Crisis Perception : Aggressive vs. dignified projection.Practical Tips : Specialists/generalists in liaison.Expanded : Evidence: Foster Higgins survey; debates: PR vs. advertising; real: Digital press releases.
Conceptual Diagram: Communication Flow
Internal (vertical/horizontal) → External (public/govt); arrows show liaison for reputation.
Why This Guide Stands Out
Comprehensive: All subtopics point-wise, study integrations; 2025 with digital updates, career analyzed for agencies/corporates.
Basic Concepts & Functions
Corporate Communication : Efficient avenues; positive perception/culture.PR Definitions : Bond/understanding/persuasion.Functions Corporate : Reputation, liaison, crisis control.Functions PR : Policy, statements, publicity, relations, publications.Expanded : Evidence: Page quote; debates: Ethics code; real: 2025 virtual conferences.
Areas, Principles & Communication Types
Major Areas PR : Press, advertising, publications, media, constituents.7 Principles : Truth, action, listen, tomorrow, company-wide, character, calm.Internal Communication : Employer-employee; vertical/horizontal; memos/bulletins.External : Outside world; goodwill; letters/reports.7 Cs : Conciseness, concreteness, clarity, completeness, courtesy, correctness, consideration.Example: Press Relations : Give-take with journalists.Expanded : Evidence: Interdependence; debates: Digital vs. traditional; real: Social media ethics.
Exam Anecdotes
1990 productivity study; Page principles; 7 Cs application.
Knowledge, Skills & Review
Skills : Listening (hearing/understanding/response), interpersonal, negotiation.Key Review : Terms (PR/corporate comm); functions (policy/publicity); principles (truth/action); skills (listen/negotiate); types (internal/external).Practical: Press Release : Draft for product launch, evaluate 7 Cs.Key Themes & Tips : Links all (e.g., functions to areas). Tip: Use 7 principles mnemonic; debate ethics in PR.
Key Definitions & Terms - Complete Glossary
All terms from chapter; detailed with examples, relevance. Expanded: 25+ terms grouped by subtopic; added advanced like "7 Cs", "7 Principles" for depth/easy flashcards.
Corporate Communication
Manages internal/external comm. Ex: Crisis releases. Relevance: Perception tool.
Public Relations (PR)
Art/science of mutual understanding. Ex: Press liaison. Relevance: Image building.
Perception Management
Controls public view. Ex: Crisis handling. Relevance: Success factor.
Code of Ethics
Avoid manipulation/commercialization. Ex: No info selling. Relevance: Professionalism.
Positive Perception
Favorable public view. Ex: Dignified behavior. Relevance: Stakeholder trust.
Corporate Culture
Identity/philosophy. Ex: Employee empowerment. Relevance: Internal strength.
Press Relations
Cordial media ties. Ex: Releases/help articles. Relevance: Publicity give-take.
Advertising
Product promotion. Ex: Media budget. Relevance: Influence consumption.
Publications
Brochures/magazines. Ex: In-house clarity. Relevance: Image projection.
Internal Communication
Within organization. Ex: Memos downward. Relevance: Morale/transparency.
External Communication
Outside world. Ex: Reports to govt. Relevance: Goodwill/marketing.
7 Cs of Communication
Conciseness etc. Ex: Clear messages. Relevance: Effective composing.
Listening Skills
Hearing/understanding/response. Ex: Active process. Relevance: Comprehension.
Interpersonal Skills
Social interactions. Ex: Conflict reduction. Relevance: Productivity.
Negotiation Skills
Convince trading. Ex: Issue resolution. Relevance: Happy deals.
7 Principles of PR
Truth/action/listen etc. Ex: Page philosophy. Relevance: Management guide.
Corporate Citizenship
Community good. Ex: Local development. Relevance: Neighbor relations.
Crisis Control
Handle reactions. Ex: Press releases. Relevance: Reputation save.
Reputation Management
Priority handling. Ex: Global tools. Relevance: Competition edge.
Press Release
Statements for media. Ex: Positive image. Relevance: Public info.
Tip: Group by concepts/functions/skills; examples for recall. Depth: Debates (e.g., ethics). Errors: Confuse internal/external. Historical: Page principles. Interlinks: To marketing. Advanced: Digital PR. Real-Life: Crisis examples. Graphs: Functions table. Coherent: Evidence → Interpretation. For easy learning: Flashcard per term with example.
Textbook Questions & Answers - NCERT Review Questions (Class 11)
Inferred from learning objectives/chapter; detailed answers point-wise in black text. Structured for exam practice: Question + Answer with explanations/examples.
Review Questions from Textbook (Inferred)
1. Explain the terms: Corporate Communication, Public Relations, Perception Management, Code of Ethics, Internal Communication, External Communication.
Answer:
Corporate Communication : Activities managing internal/external comm for favorable points.Public Relations : Art/science establishing mutual understanding between organization/public.Perception Management : Controlling how stakeholders see the company.Code of Ethics : Rules avoiding manipulation/commercialization of info.Internal Communication : Within employer-employees; enhances morale/transparency.External Communication : With outside world; promotes goodwill/brand.
2. Discuss the significance and functions of corporate communication and PR.
Answer:
Significance : Controls perception; crisis handling; productivity boost (88% engineers agree).Functions Corporate : Builds culture/reputation; liaison/crisis control.Functions PR : Policy/statements/publicity/relations/publications.Example: Press releases project positive image.
3. What are the major areas of PR activity?
Answer:
Press Relations : Cordial ties; releases/help articles.Advertising : Product promotion; media budget.Publications : Brochures/magazines; simplicity/clarity.Other Media : AV/films/exhibitions; good speaking.PR with Constituents : Community/financial liaison; internal relations.
4. List and explain the seven principles of public relations.
Answer:
Tell the Truth : Accurate picture of company.Prove with Action : 90% what it does, 10% says.Listen to Customer : Understand needs/reactions.Manage for Tomorrow : Anticipate/eliminate difficulties.Company Depends on It : Management function/impact consideration.Character by People : Employees as ambassadors.Remain Calm : Consistent info in crises.
5. What are the 7 Cs of communication? Explain their importance.
Answer:
Conciseness : Short/easy attention.Concreteness : Specific meanings/short.Clarity : Explicit/no confusion.Completeness : Full info.Courtesy : Benefits/compliments.Correctness : Error-free.Consideration : 'You' attitude.Importance: Effective message composing/transmitting.
6. Describe the knowledge and skills required for corporate communication and PR.
Answer:
Listening : Hearing/understanding/response.Interpersonal : Interactions/conflict control.Negotiation : Convince/trade concessions.Others: Presentation, writing, decision-making.
Example: Active listening in conversations.
Tip: Practice with examples (e.g., 7 principles in crisis); link to practicals. Additional: Essay on PR ethics.
Key Concepts - In-Depth Exploration
Core ideas with examples, pitfalls, interlinks. Expanded: All concepts with steps/examples/pitfalls for easy learning. Depth: Debates, analysis.
Perception Management
Steps: 1. Assess public view, 2. Release info. Ex: Crisis dignified. Pitfall: Ignoring reactions. Interlink: Crisis control. Depth: 90% action-based.
Code of Ethics
Steps: 1. Access info, 2. Avoid temptation. Ex: No commercialization. Pitfall: Labeled manipulator. Interlink: Professionalism. Depth: Crucial requirement.
7 Principles of PR
Steps: 1. Truth/action, 2. Listen/manage. Ex: Calm in crises. Pitfall: Ignore tomorrow. Interlink: Company-wide. Depth: Page philosophy.
Internal Communication
Steps: 1. Vertical flow, 2. Horizontal coordination. Ex: Memos for policies. Pitfall: Ineffective morale. Interlink: Transparency. Depth: Direction/motivation.
External Communication
Steps: 1. Transmit to govt/public, 2. Promote goodwill. Ex: Annual reports. Pitfall: Image damage. Interlink: Marketing. Depth: Brand preservation.
7 Cs of Communication
Steps: 1. Compose concise/clear, 2. Check correctness. Ex: Courteous tone. Pitfall: Incomplete info. Interlink: Message quality. Depth: Reader focus.
Listening Skills
Steps: 1. Hear/understand, 2. Respond/decide. Ex: Conversation intent. Pitfall: Passive hearing. Interlink: Interpersonal. Depth: Active process.
Interpersonal Skills
Steps: 1. Interact socially, 2. Control emotions. Ex: Conflict reduction. Pitfall: Overwhelmed. Interlink: Productivity. Depth: Business operations.
Negotiation Skills
Steps: 1. Prepare variables, 2. Trade concessions. Ex: Happy deals. Pitfall: Unprepared costs. Interlink: Resolution. Depth: Convince both sides.
Press Relations (Advanced)
Steps: 1. Provide releases, 2. Handle criticism. Ex: Give-take. Pitfall: Biases. Interlink: Publicity. Depth: Culture projection.
Reputation Management (Advanced)
Steps: 1. Prioritize crises, 2. Use global tools. Ex: Sophisticated approaches. Pitfall: Competition loss. Interlink: Liaison. Depth: Increasing priority.
Crisis Control (Advanced)
Steps: 1. Understand reactions, 2. Release info. Ex: Dignified projection. Pitfall: Delayed. Interlink: Perception. Depth: Multifactorial.
Advanced: Ethical checklists, digital equity. Pitfalls: Ethics lapses. Interlinks: To marketing. Real: 1990 study data. Depth: 12 concepts details. Examples: Stats. Graphs: Principles table. Errors: Term confusion. Tips: Steps evidence; compare internal/external.
Functions & Areas - Detailed Guide
Evolution of functions; expanded with points; links to concepts/debates. Added traditional-modern, practical applications.
Policy/Statements
Develop/share policy; prepare releases. Positive image articulation. Depth: Top management involvement.
Publicity
Announce activities; handle inquiries. Promotional campaigns. Depth: Media utilization.
Maintaining Relations
Govt/community liaisons; shareholder comm. Annual reports/meetings. Depth: Good neighbor compliance.
Publications
In-house magazines; simplicity/clarity. Attractiveness/true image. Depth: Internal projection.
Press Relations
Cordial from editor-reporter; releases/timed. Give-take interdependence. Depth: Culture dissemination.
Advertising/Publications/Media
Budget/media choice; brochures; AV/exhibitions. Good speaking/phone. Depth: Multi-media coordination.
Tip: Link to principles like action. Depth: Ethics reflexive. Examples: Releases impact. Graphs: Areas comparison. Advanced: 2025 social media. Easy: Bullets applications.
Anecdotes & Examples - From Text with Simple Explanations
Expanded with evidence, analysis; focus on applications. Added function impacts, skill cases.
Example 1: Crisis Perception
Simple Explanation: Public reaction defines fortune.
Step 1: Aggressive behavior occurs.
Step 2: Assess stakeholder reaction.
Step 3: Release dignified info.
Step 4: Control narrative.
Step 5: Maintain position.
Simple Way: Perception over facts.
Example 2: 1990 Productivity Study
Simple Explanation: Communication boosts output.
Step 1: Survey engineers/CEOs.
Step 2: 88% link to cooperation.
Step 3: 97% job satisfaction.
Step 4: Weekly comm recommend.
Step 5: Bottom-line benefits.
Simple Way: Talk for teamwork.
Example 3: Press Relations Give-Take
Simple Explanation: Interdependence with media.
Step 1: Provide timed releases.
Step 2: Help articles/criticism forbear.
Step 3: Avoid biases.
Step 4: Project culture.
Step 5: Mutual business.
Simple Way: News for publicity.
Example 4: 7 Principles Application
Simple Explanation: Action over words.
Step 1: Tell truth/prove action.
Step 2: Listen/manage tomorrow.
Step 3: Company-wide/character.
Step 4: Calm in crises.
Step 5: Generate goodwill.
Simple Way: 90% do, 10% say.
Example 5: Listening Skills
Simple Explanation: Active hearing process.
Step 1: Hear sounds.
Step 2: Understand context.
Step 3: Respond/decide.
Step 4: Show intent grasp.
Step 5: Act on info.
Simple Way: Ear to action.
Example 6: Negotiation
Simple Explanation: Trade for win-win.
Step 1: Prepare variables/costs.
Step 2: Convince/trade.
Step 3: Both happy out.
Step 4: Estimate concessions.
Step 5: Resolve issues.
Simple Way: Bargain benefits.
Tip: Practice self-assess; troubleshoot (e.g., ethics). Added for functions, skills.
Interactive Quiz - Master Corporate Communication and PR
10 MCQs in full sentences; 80%+ goal. Covers significance, functions, principles, skills.
Start Quiz
Quick Revision Notes & Mnemonics
Concise, easy-to-learn summaries for all subtopics. Structured in tables for quick scan: Key points, examples, mnemonics. Covers concepts, functions, principles. Bold key terms; short phrases for fast reading.
Subtopic
Key Points
Examples
Mnemonics/Tips
Significance Perception control; crisis handling.Productivity boost (88%). CEO satisfaction (97%). Fortune influence. Aggressive behavior.
PCPF (Perception-Crisis-Productivity-Fortune). Tip: "See to Succeed" – View management.
Basic Concepts Corporate Comm : Internal/external manage.PR : Mutual understanding/art-science.Ethics avoid manipulation. Positive avenues. Page quote.
CMEP (Comm-Mutual-Ethics-Positive). Tip: "Bond Build" – Relations art.
Functions Corporate Reputation /culture build.Liaison/crisis control. Global comm tools. Stakeholder relations. Press releases.
RLCG (Reputation-Liaison-Crisis-Global). Tip: "Image Guard" – Control crises.
Functions PR Policy /statements/publicity.Relations/publications. Announce activities. Inquiries handle. Annual reports.
PSPR (Policy-Statements-Publicity-Relations). Tip: "Policy Public" – Share wide.
Areas PR Press /advertising/publications.Media/constituents. Give-take press. Budget/media choice. Releases/articles.
PAPM (Press-Advertising-Publications-Media). Tip: "Media Mix" – Coordinate all.
7 Principles Truth /action/listen/tomorrow.Company/character/calm. 90% do/10% say. Anticipate difficulties. Calm crises.
TALCCC (Truth-Action-Listen-Company-Character-Calm). Tip: "Page Principles" – Action first.
Communication Types Internal : Morale/transparency.External : Goodwill/marketing.Vertical/horizontal flow. Memos/reports. Downward policies.
IEVH (Internal-External-Vertical-Horizontal). Tip: "Flow Free" – Inside out.
7 Cs Conciseness /concreteness/clarity.Completeness/courtesy/correctness/consideration. Reader focus. Error-free. Courteous tone.
4C3C (Concise-Concrete-Clear-Complete-Courteous-Correct-Consider). Tip: "Clear Comm" – 7 checks.
Skills Listening /interpersonal/negotiation.Active/response/emotion control. Trade concessions. Training/experience. Understand intent.
LIN (Listen-Interpersonal-Negotiate). Tip: "Skill Set" – Active ears.
Overall Tip: Use PCPF-CMEP-RLCG for full scan (5 mins). Flashcards: Front (term), Back (points + mnemonic). Print table for wall revision. Covers 100% chapter – easy for exams!
Key Terms & Processes - All Key
Expanded table 25+ rows; quick ref. Added advanced (e.g., Press Release, Crisis Control).
Term/Process Description Example Usage
Corporate Communication Internal/external management Crisis releases Perception favorable Public Relations Mutual understanding Press liaison Image build Perception Management Control public view Dignified crisis Success key Code of Ethics Avoid manipulation No info sell Professional Positive Perception Favorable view Quiet projection Stakeholder trust Corporate Culture Identity/philosophy Empowerment Internal strong Press Relations Media cordial Releases/articles Publicity mutual Advertising Product promote Media budget Influence consume Publications Brochures/magazines In-house clarity Image project Internal Communication Employer-employee Memos downward Morale transparent External Communication Outside world Reports govt Goodwill market 7 Cs Message qualities Clear courteous Effective compose Listening Skills Hear/understand/response Active conversation Comprehension Interpersonal Skills Social interactions Conflict reduce Productivity Negotiation Skills Convince/trade Happy deals Resolution 7 Principles PR Truth/action etc Calm crises Management guide Corporate Citizenship Community good Local develop Neighbor relations Crisis Control Handle reactions Releases info Reputation save Reputation Management Priority handling Global tools Competition edge Press Release Media statements Positive image Public info Policy Development (Adv) Recommend/share Top management Strategy align Publicity (Adv) Announce activities Inquiries handle Campaign promote Relations Maintaining (Adv) Govt/community Shareholder comm Good neighbor Other Media (Adv) AV/exhibitions Good speaking Coordinate wide Constituents PR (Adv) Financial liaison Internal execs Informed happenings
Tip: Examples memory; sort subtopic. Easy: Table scan. Added 10 rows depth.
Communication Processes Step-by-Step
Step-by-step breakdowns of core processes, structured as full questions followed by detailed answers with steps. Visual descriptions for easy understanding; focus on actionable Q&A with examples from chapter.
Question 1: How to apply the 7 principles of PR in crisis?
Answer:
Step 1: Tell truth/accurate picture.
Step 2: Prove with action (90% do).
Step 3: Listen to public needs.
Step 4: Manage for tomorrow/anticipate.
Step 5: Company-wide impact.
Step 6: Character by people/calm heads.
Visual: Cycle – Truth → Action → Listen → Manage → Company → Character → Calm. Example: Consistent info in 24-hour cycles.
Question 2: What steps for composing a message using 7 Cs?
Answer:
Step 1: Make concise/easy attention.
Step 2: Concrete specific/short.
Step 3: Clear explicit meaning.
Step 4: Complete full info.
Step 5: Courteous compliments.
Step 6: Correct error-free.
Step 7: Consider 'you' attitude.
Visual: Checklist flow – Concise → Concrete → Clear → Complete → Courteous → Correct → Consider. Example: Press release benefits.
Question 3: Outline steps for effective listening skills.
Answer:
Step 1: Hear physical sounds.
Step 2: Understand context/meaning.
Step 3: Respond/show grasp.
Step 4: Decide/act on info.
Step 5: Avoid passive; be active.
Visual: Process arrow – Hear → Understand → Respond. Example: Conversation intent.
Question 4: How to negotiate effectively?
Answer:
Step 1: Prepare variables/costs.
Step 2: Convince each point.
Step 3: Trade concessions.
Step 4: Ensure both happy.
Step 5: Estimate impacts.
Visual: Balance scale – Issues → Trade → Win-Win. Example: Deal resolution.
Question 5: What process for press relations?
Answer:
Step 1: Maintain cordial levels.
Step 2: Provide timed releases.
Step 3: Help articles/criticism forbear.
Step 4: Avoid biases/project culture.
Step 5: Ensure give-take.
Visual: Handshake – PR ↔ Press. Example: News for publicity.
Question 6: How does internal communication flow?
Answer:
Step 1: Vertical downward policies.
Step 2: Horizontal coordination.
Step 3: Use memos/bulletins.
Step 4: Enhance morale/transparency.
Step 5: Reduce destruction.
Visual: Org chart – Top → Bottom/Side. Example: Employee motivation.
Tip: Treat as FAQ; apply to practicals. Easy: Q → Steps + Visual. Full Q&A for exam-like practice.
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Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: most-asked concepts in 2 lines each 8 chapters ranked by what the board asked 31 marks: Organising, a 6-marker every set 30 marks in 4 papers: nature of management 14 principles of Fayol Case cues the board keeps using Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each 16 of 60 board marks: taal comparison 12 of 60 board marks: gharanas 13 thekas, from thah to chaugun 6 marks: history of the tabla, Unit 3 4 biographies, with dates Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each 15 marks each: Units 9–10 and 11–12 4 Ps of marketing, Unit 11 Consumer Protection Act 2019 tiers, appeals Capital structure with EBIT-EPS examples The three financial decisions, every factor Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each 10 marks: National Income Accounting 3 methods for GDP, with identities M1–M4 and credit creation, Ch 3 Every deficit measure of the budget, Ch 5 6 chapters: every formula, board numerical Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each, common traps 12 marks: Unit 6, Ch 1–3 8 marks: Unit 8, India-China-Pakistan Every committee, policy and date, by chapter Data tables with the book's own numbers Common traps, corrected Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each, common traps 23 of 100 marks: Thinkers, Beliefs, Buildings 22 of 100 board marks: Harappa 20 of 100 marks: Kinship, Caste and Class 8-mark answer: Theme 2 in 3 of 4 papers 5 marks: the Part I map list Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each 24 of 100 board marks: Vijayanagara 24 of 100 marks: Mughal village, Theme 8 Q24 from Vijayanagara in every 2025 set 3 of 4 papers: source question on travellers 5 marks: the two map lists Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each 1857 and National Movement map items Constituent Assembly committees table Gandhiji 1915–1931: Champaran to Salt March Permanent Settlement and the Fifth Report Bombay Deccan: ryotwari and the 1875 riots Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each 17 of 120 marks each: industry, services 15 of 120 marks: Primary Activities 14 of 120 marks: Transport 5 marks: world map work HDI, rail and internet data as charts Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each, common traps 20 board marks in 4 papers: Population 14 board marks: Minerals and Energy 13 of the 28 map items asked: minerals 10 marks: Unit III, Ch 3–6 Common traps, corrected Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
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Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each, common traps 22 textbook marks: how each is asked 3 stories: 10 marks in the sample paper Common traps that cost marks, listed 9 poems side by side, with devices 5 essays, each argument set out Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
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Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each 8 marks: Chapter 8, 1989 to 2019 6 marks each: Chapters 1, 4 and 7 State-formation and war timelines Party tables and election results Map clues the board uses Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each, common traps 10 marks for each of the four chapters Demography formulas for Ch 2 Sex-ratio and age tables from the book 10 must-know facts with a self-check Common traps, corrected Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: most-asked concepts in 2 lines each 10 marks each: Units 11, 12 and 15 5 marks each: Units 8 and 9 4 processes of cultural change, in a table Land reforms table, Chapter 4 Types of social movements, in one table Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each 26 board marks each: Ch 1 and Ch 2 22 of 140 board marks: disorders, Ch 4 20 of 140 board marks: therapies, Ch 5 6-mark questions on Freud, RET and Beck IQ bands and twin correlations from the book Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each, common traps 5 poems: Q7 is always one of these 4 writing formats, 18 marks Common traps, corrected 8 prose pieces: events, characters, themes Poetic devices with short quotes Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each, common traps 12 marks: unseen passage Q1, decoded 10 marks: case-based passage Q2, decoded Common traps that cost marks, listed Every character, with evidence and quotes 7 texts: plot timelines for each Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each, common traps 38 of the 70 theory marks: Ch 1–7 10 marks: Unit III, ECCE to elderly Common traps that cost marks, listed 5 marks: Unit I, work and careers 2025 paper and SQP: ranked by what they asked Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
Read page 1 free Get the kit Get the kit One payment · instant PDF · ₹159 View details Marks booster + cheatsheet: key concepts in 2 lines each, common traps 17 marks: Unit IV Fabric and Apparel 10 marks: Unit V Resource Management 2025 board questions mapped to each chapter Every consumer right and standard mark Common traps, corrected Page 1 free about 8 min read , Full kit about 55 min read ₹159
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This chapter is part of the CBSE Class 12 Board Examination Board Examination Explore every chapter — summary, notes, extra questions & MCQ quizzes Preparing for CBSE Class 12 Board Examination? Students also sit JEE is set on the Class 11 and 12 Physics, Chemistry and Maths syllabus; students prepare for boards and JEE together.
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The Last Lesson
Start here
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Economics (Class 12) Practice Quiz | CBSE Class 12 Board Examination
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Challenges of Nation Building
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#8
Human Geography: Nature and Scope
#9
Bricks, Beads and Bones — The Harappan Civilisation
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Inverse Trigonometric Functions
#18
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Journey to the End of the Earth
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#25
#26
#27
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The Challenges of Cultural Diversity
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Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion
#31
Social Institutions: Continuity and Change
#32
The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society
#33
Introducing Indian Society
#34
#35
Security in the Contemporary World
#36
International Trade (India)
#37
Transport and Communication (India)
#38
Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
#39
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Kings, Farmers and Towns — Early States and Economies (c. 600 BCE-600 CE)
#41
Theory of Consumer Behaviour
#42
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Nature and Significance of Management
#45
Dissolution of Partnership Firm
#46
Accounting for Partnership: Basic Concepts
#47
Three Dimensional Geometry
#48
Continuity and Differentiability
#49
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#51
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
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#57
Accountancy (Class 12) Practice Quiz | CBSE Class 12 Board Examination
#58
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Fundamentals | CBSE Class 12 Board Examination
#59
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An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum
#61
#62
Social Influence and Group Processes
#63
Attitude and Social Cognition
#64
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Variations in Psychological Attributes
#68
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Mass Media and Communications
#70
Globalisation and Social Change
#71
Change and Development in Industrial Society
#72
Change and Development in Rural Society
#73
The Constitution and Social Change
#74
The Market as a Social Institution
#75
Recent Developments in Indian Politics
#76
The Crisis of Democratic Order
#77
Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System
#78
India's External Relations
#79
Politics of Planned Development
#80
Era of One-party Dominance
#81
Environment and Natural Resources
#82
International Organisations
#83
#84
Contemporary Centres of Power
#85
Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
#86
Planning and Sustainable Development in the Indian Context
#87
Mineral and Energy Resources
#88
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Land Resources and Agriculture
#90
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Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
#92
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The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth
#95
Framing the Constitution — The Beginning of a New Era
#96
Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement — Civil Disobedience and Beyond
#97
Rebels and the Raj — The Revolt of 1857 and its Representations
#98
Colonialism and the Countryside — Exploring Official Archives
#99
Peasants, Zamindars and the State — Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire (c. sixteenth-seventeenth centuries)
#100
An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth century)
#101
Bhakti-Sufi Traditions — Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts (c. eighth to eighteenth century)
#102
Through the Eyes of Travellers — Perceptions of Society (c. tenth to seventeenth century)
#103
Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings — Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE-600 CE)
#104
Kinship, Caste and Class — Early Societies (c. 600 BCE-600 CE)
#105
Open Economy Macroeconomics
#106
Government Budget and the Economy
#107
Determination of Income and Employment
#108
National Income Accounting
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The Theory of the Firm under Perfect Competition
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Analysis of Financial Statements
#123
Financial Statements of a Company
#124
Issue and Redemption of Debentures
#125
Accounting for Share Capital
#126
Reconstitution of a Partnership Firm – Retirement/Death of a Partner
#127
Reconstitution of a Partnership Firm – Admission of a Partner
#128
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#133
#134
Application of Derivatives
#135
Biodiversity and its Conservation
#136
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Organisms and Populations
#138
Biotechnology and its Applications
#139
Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
#140
Microbes in Human Welfare
#141
#142
#143
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
#144
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
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#147
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
#148
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
#149
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
#150
#151
The d- and f-Block Elements
#152
#153
Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
#154
#155
#156
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
#157
#158
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
#159
#160
#161
Electromagnetic Induction
#162
#163
Moving Charges and Magnetism
#164
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
#165
Electric Charges and Fields
#166
CBSE Class 12 — Genetics and Evolution
#167
CBSE Class 12 — Matrices and Determinants
#168
CBSE Class 12 — Solutions and Colligative Properties
#169
#170
CBSE Class 12 — Electrostatics and Electric Field
#171
Humanities Subjects Practice Quiz | CBSE Class 12 Board Examination
More on CBSE Class 12 Board Examination20 guides How to Score Good Marks in Class 12 CBSE: Marks Map by Stream CBSE Class 12 Pre-Board Marks: Do They Count, and What to Do If Low Complete Summary and Solutions for Database Concepts – NCERT Class XII Computer Science, Chapter 8 – File Systems, DBMS, Relational Models, Keys, SQL Introduction, Questions, Answers Complete Summary and Solutions for Consumer Education and Protection – NCERT Human Ecology and Family Sciences, Chapter 12 – Study Summary, Explanation, Questions, Answers Complete Summary and Solutions for Supplementary Chemistry Material – NCERT Class XII Chemistry Part I Supplementary Resources – Additional Examples, Problems, and Explanations Complete Summary and Solutions for Project Based Learning – NCERT Class XII Computer Science, Chapter 13 – Project Planning, Implementation, Presentation, Documentation, and Evaluation Complete Summary and Solutions for Querying and SQL Functions – NCERT Class XII Informatics Practices, Chapter 1 – Explanation, Questions, Answers अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) की पाठ्यपुस्तक story खंड – पाठ-16 अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) की पाठ्यपुस्तक काव्य खंड – तुलसीदास: (क) भरत-राम का प्रेम, (ख) पद अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) की पाठ्यपुस्तक story खंड – पाठ-17 अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) की पाठ्यपुस्तक काव्य खंड – मलिक मुहम्मद जायसी: बारहमासा अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) की पाठ्यपुस्तक story खंड – पाठ-15 अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) की पाठ्यपुस्तक काव्य खंड – विष्णु खरे: (क) सत्य, (ख) एक कम अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) की पाठ्यपुस्तक story खंड – पाठ-11 अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) काव्य खंड – जयशंकर प्रसाद: (क) देवसेना का गीत, (ख) कार्नेलिया का गीत – संपूर्ण सारांश, व्याख्या, प्रश्न और उत्तर अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) की पाठ्यपुस्तक काव्य खंड – विद्यापति: पद अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) पाठ्यपुस्तक story खंड – पाठ-12 अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) की पाठ्यपुस्तक काव्य खंड – सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी ‘निराला’: (क) गीत गाने दो मुझे, (ख) सरोज-स्मृति अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) की पाठ्यपुस्तक story खंड – पाठ-10 अंतरा भाग 2 – कक्षा 12 के लिए हिंदी (ऐच्छिक) की पाठ्यपुस्तक काव्य खंड – कुकुआन: दोह Notebook backup + AI Save your notes. Revise with AI. Learn more → Share this article
