Body Fluids and Circulation
Class 11 Biology · Biology · Chapter 15
CBSE Class 11 community
View all
Physics, Chemistry, Maths + English
7~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Every subject, one purchase- Mathematics
- Physics
- + 3 more
Physics, Chemistry, Biology + English
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Every subject, one purchase- Physics
- Chemistry
- + 3 more
Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics + English
7~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Every subject, one purchase- Accountancy
- Business Studies
- + 3 more
Biology
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Accountancy
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- Accountancy
Hindi Elective
2~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- हिंदी
Hindi Core
2~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- हिंदी
Chemistry
2~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- Chemistry
Political Science
2~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- Political Science
Urdu Elective
2~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- اردو
- Urdu Elective
Hindustani Music (Vocal / Melodic)
2~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- हिंदुस्तानी संगीत
Home Science
2~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- Home Science
English Core
2~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- Hornbill
- Snapshots
Geography
3~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 3 books, one purchase- Geography
Sociology
2~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- Sociology
Economics
2~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- Economics
Physics
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
All 2 books, one purchase- Physics
Mathematics
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
TrendingRevise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Physics
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Physics
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Chemistry
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Chemistry
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Accountancy
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
TrendingRevise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Accountancy
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Business Studies
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Economics
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Economics
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
History
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Geography
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Geography
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Geography
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Political Science
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Political Science
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Sociology
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Sociology
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Psychology
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
English Core · Hornbill
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
English Core · Snapshots
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
English Elective · Woven Words
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदी (आधार)
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदी (आधार)
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदी (ऐच्छिक)
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
संस्कृतम् (केन्द्रिकम्)
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
संस्कृत (ऐच्छिक)
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
اردو (کور)
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
اردو (اختیاری)
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Urdu Elective
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Computer Science
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Informatics Practices
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
TrendingRevise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Home Science
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Home Science
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Fine Art · Painting
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Biotechnology
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Knowledge Traditions
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
सृजनात्मक लेखन और अनुवाद
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Health and Physical Education
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (गायन / वादन)
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (गायन / वादन)
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
हिंदुस्तानी संगीत (तबला / पखावज)
~140days leftAnnual exams · school dates varyFeb–Mar 2027 · school-specific · tentative
Revise all of it in about an hour- Space weighted by unit marks
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Summary
This chapter describes the body fluids blood and lymph and the human circulatory system. Blood is a fluid connective tissue with plasma (a straw-coloured fluid that is mostly water with proteins such as fibrinogen, globulins and albumins) and formed elements, namely erythrocytes (red blood cells with haemoglobin), leucocytes (granulocytes and agranulocytes) and platelets. Human blood is grouped by the ABO system, based on A and B antigens, and the Rh system; matching is essential before transfusion, and Rh incompatibility can cause erythroblastosis foetalis. Coagulation forms a fibrin clot to prevent blood loss. Lymph is the colourless tissue fluid that drains back to the veins and carries lymphocytes and absorbed fats. Circulation may be open or closed; vertebrate hearts range from two-chambered in fishes to four-chambered in birds and mammals, which have complete double circulation. The human heart, with two atria and two ventricles guarded by valves, is myogenic, with the sino-atrial node acting as the pacemaker. The cardiac cycle of systole and diastole produces heart sounds and an electrocardiogram (ECG), and the cardiac output is the stroke volume times the heart rate. Cardiac activity is regulated by the autonomic nervous system and adrenal hormones. Disorders include hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina and heart failure.
Blood: plasma and formed elementsBlood groups and coagulationLymph or tissue fluidHuman circulatory system and the heartCardiac cycle, ECG and double circulationRegulation and disorders of circulation
Key terms
Plasma
The straw-coloured fluid matrix of blood, mostly water with proteins, minerals and dissolved substances.
Formed elements
The cells of blood: erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets.
Double circulation
A circulatory pattern with separate pulmonary and systemic pathways, as in birds and mammals.
Pacemaker
The sino-atrial node, which generates the maximum action potentials and sets the rhythm of the heartbeat.
Cardiac cycle
The sequential systole and diastole of the atria and ventricles, repeated about 72 times per minute.
Cardiac output
The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute, equal to stroke volume times heart rate.
Extra questions & answers
Try one from this chapter
The straw-coloured fluid matrix of blood is called: