GATE IN Previous Year Papers 2023–2026: Section-wise, MCQ, MSQ and NAT

Every GATE Instrumentation question from 2023 to 2026 classified by section and type from the official papers and keys: marks per section, the shift from NAT to MCQ, repeated topics, paper links.

GATE IN Previous Year Papers 2023–2026: Section-wise, MCQ, MSQ and NATOpen the full article →

Checked 26 September 2026. Counts are ours: each of the 55 subject questions per year read from the official IN paper and assigned to one section (2026 boundaries); type and marks from the official final key. 33 borderline questions have an alternative classification. GATE publishes no section weightage for IN except Engineering Mathematics (13 marks).

Four official IN papers, 220 subject questions, each read and assigned to a syllabus section with its type and marks from the final key. Two findings stand out. The instrumentation core — Measurements, Sensors and Optical — carried 22 or 23 marks every single year (23, 23, 23, 22), the steadiest block in the paper. And the paper has changed character: in 2023 most subject marks came from numerical-answer questions with no negative marking; by 2026 most came from negatively marked MCQs. That change matters more for exam strategy than any weightage table.

22–23
marks from Measurements + Sensors + Optical every year, 2023–26
29 → 52
subject marks from negative-marked MCQs, 2023 → 2026
54 → 23
subject marks from NAT, 2023 → 2026
13
Engineering Mathematics marks by rule (our count: 13, 13, 14, 13)

Official GATE IN papers and final keys 2023–2026; our counts.

Where other pages get this wrong

Engineering Mathematics is 13 marks by the GATE rule (our count: 13, 13, 14, 13); Measurements carried 8–13 marks in 2023–26; there is no biomedical or analytical section in the 2026 or 2027 IN syllabus.

Commonly published instead: CollegeDekho’s weightage table (“GATE Instrumentation Engineering Syllabus 2024”, still ranking): Engineering Mathematics 11.75, Measurements 6.25, “Analytical Biomedical & Optical Instrumentation 4.25”.

GATE 2027 brochure (13 marks for Engineering Mathematics); official IN papers and keys 2023–2026 (our classification); GATE 2026 and 2027 IN syllabi.

Marks by section, 2023–2026

2023202420252026SectionMean (ours)
13131413Engineering Mathematics13.3
129129Circuits and Machines10.5
1013118Measurements10.5
810109Sensors and Industrial9.3
91099Signals and Systems9.3
101059Analog Electronics8.5
95128Digital Electronics8.5
8986Control Systems7.8
5228Communication and Optical4.3
1426Electricity and Magnetism3.3

Our classification of the official IN papers, 2026 section boundaries. Circuits split 9/5/10/6 and Machines 3/4/2/3; Optical 5/0/2/5 and Communication 0/2/0/3 (2023–26). Subject total 85 and General Aptitude 15 every year.

Marks by section — darker is heavier
2023202420252026
Engineering Mathematics13131413
Circuits and Machines129129
Measurements1013118
Sensors and Industrial810109
Signals and Systems91099
Analog Electronics101059
Digital Electronics95128
Control Systems8986
Communication and Optical5228
Electricity and Magnetism1426

Shading: 12+ darkest, 9–11, 5–8, under 5 lightest. From the table above.

How we counted: every subject question was read in the official paper and assigned to the one section it mainly tests, using the 2026 section boundaries; type and marks come from the official key. Thirty-three questions across four years could reasonably sit in two sections (a probability question that is also maths, a bridge that is also a sensor circuit), and several depend on figures the text extraction cannot read. Shifting those would move a section by a mark or two. Note that the 2027 syllabus moves some topics between sections, so 2027 section totals will not line up exactly with this table.

Three readings. Maths is 13 marks by rule and our count lands there in three of four years; in 2025 we count 14, because a binomial-probability 2-marker sat alongside the nine maths items (a classification call, not a change in the rule). The instrumentation core is steady (Measurements 8–13, Sensors 8–10, plus Optical), while Digital (5 → 12 → 8) and Communication/Optical (2 → 8) swing. And Machines has been only 2–4 marks a year — with three of its seven questions (a DC generator in 2023, induction motors in 2024 and 2025) on topics now outside the 2027 syllabus.

The shift from NAT to MCQ

YearMCQ 1m / 2mMSQ 1m / 2mNAT 1m / 2mMCQ marks (negative)MSQ marksNAT marks
202313 / 80 / 112 / 2129254
202410 / 130 / 115 / 1636247
202520 / 131 / 34 / 1446732
202618 / 172 / 45 / 9521023

Official final keys, 55 subject questions per year (our counts). General Aptitude was all MCQ (5 × 1 + 5 × 2) every year. Marked “MTA” (marks to all) in the official final keys: 2023 GA Q6; 2025 IN Q59; 2026 IN Q15 and Q55.

Subject marks by question type
MCQ (negative)MSQNAT
2023
29
2
54
2024
36
2
47
2025
46
7
32
2026
52
10
23

From the table above; 85 subject marks each year.

In 2023 almost two-thirds of the subject marks came from numerical answers — no negative marks, but no guessing either. By 2026 the negatively marked share had risen to 61% (our arithmetic: 52 of 85), and multiple-select questions had grown from one to six. A paper like 2026’s rewards careful elimination and punishes careless guessing; one like 2023’s rewarded calculation speed. Prepare for the 2026 shape: timed MCQ sets with the penalty applied, and MSQs treated as all-or-nothing.

How many marks are you putting at risk? works on the full page only.Open it →
YearAppearedNegative totalShare (ours)
20238,746100 (zero or below)1.1%
20249,9002102.1%
202511,9351831.5%
202612,4242432.0%

Appeared candidates whose total marks were negative, GATE statistical reports 2023–2026 (the 2023 report’s lowest bin is “zero or below”).

Negative marking costs individuals more than the field: only about one to two per cent of appeared IN candidates ended with a negative total in any year, even as the negatively marked share of the paper nearly doubled. The damage is quieter — a handful of wrong MCQ guesses taking two or three marks off a total that sits close to the qualifying line, where one mark was worth about 13.7 points of score in 2026 (550 ÷ (79.87 − 39.8), our arithmetic with the official qualifying mark and topper average; the rate holds between the qualifying mark and the topper average, and scores are capped at 1,000).

Should you guess? The negative-marking calculator works on the full page only.Open it →

Topics that came back

TopicQuestions
Strain-gauge bridges2023 Q54, 2025 Q15 and Q53, 2026 Q25
AC/DC bridges2023 Q30, 2024 Q39 and Q54, 2025 Q56 and Q61, 2026 Q24
Power / wattmeter measurement incl. instrument transformers2023 Q34 and Q61, 2024 Q47, 2025 Q21 and Q44
Transformer tests2023 Q58, 2024 Q61, 2026 Q17 and Q58
Error / uncertainty propagation2023 Q64, 2025 Q62, 2026 Q29
ADC / DAC2024 Q58, 2025 Q34 and Q43, 2026 Q23 and Q35
LVDT; “match the sensor to its principle”LVDT 2023 Q52, 2025 Q14; matching 2023 Q14, 2024 Q14, 2025 Q22
Flip-flops / shift registers2023 Q16 and Q42, 2024 Q42, 2026 Q47
Nyquist / Routh2023 Q24–25, 2025 Q27–28
Photodiode / fibre / laser2023 Q18, Q38 and Q45; 2026 Q28, Q64 and Q65
DFT / FFT2024 Q25 and Q53, 2025 Q54
Eigenvalues / rank; probabilityEvery year

Our reading of the official IN papers 2023–2026 (question numbers as printed).

The official papers and keys

Year (organiser)SessionPaper · key
2026 (IIT Guwahati)Single (Sat 7 Feb, forenoon)IN.pdf · IN_Keys.pdf on the GATE 2027 downloads page
2025 (IIT Roorkee)SingleIN2025.pdf · IN_Keys.pdf
2024 (IISc)SingleIN24S4.pdf · INFinalAnswerKey.pdf
2023 (IIT Kanpur)Singlein_2023.pdf · IN_ANS_GATE2023.pdf (Q13 option B was “Turbine flow meter” in the exam, per the paper’s own note)

GATE 2027 downloads page (papers and keys 2007–2026); links in the sources below.

Previous-paper checklist works on the full page only.Open it →

Practise it, don't just read it

Bridges, power measurement, ADC/DAC and sensor-principle questions came back most often in 2023–26. The GATE IN library’s measurement and error analysis, transducers and sensors, signal conditioning and digital instrumentation/ADC quizzes practise exactly those topics.

The ProSyllabus GATE IN library has topic quizzes on measurements, control systems, analytical and optical instrumentation, process control, signal conditioning, ADCs, transducers, op-amps, PID control and signals — the first quiz is free.

Start a GATE IN quiz →

Which section has the most marks in GATE IN?

Engineering Mathematics (13 marks by the brochure rule; our count 13–14); among the rest, Circuits and Machines and Measurements averaged about 10.5 each (our count).

Has GATE IN become an MCQ paper?

Yes — negative-marked MCQ marks rose from 29 (2023) to 52 (2026) of 85; NAT fell from 54 to 23.

How many MSQs are there in GATE IN?

1 in 2023 and 2024, 4 in 2025 and 6 in 2026 (our count).

Is there negative marking for MSQ and NAT in GATE IN?

No — but no partial marks either.

What are the most repeated topics in GATE IN?

Bridges and strain gauges, power measurement, transformer tests, error propagation, ADC/DAC, sequential logic, optical sensors, eigenvalues and probability.

Should I practise induction-motor questions from old IN papers?

No — three-phase induction motors are off the 2027 syllabus.

Where can I download GATE IN previous papers?

On the GATE 2027 downloads page, with official keys, for 2007–2026.

Exam pagePreparing for GATE Instrumentation Engineering?Syllabus, exam pattern, dates and every guide we have on GATE Instrumentation Engineering, in one place.Open the GATE Instrumentation Engineering page →