उपसर्गाः
Class 10 Sanskrit · व्याकरणवीथिः · Chapter 6
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The story in short
जो शब्दांश किसी धातु या शब्द के पहले जुड़कर उसके अर्थ में विशेषता, परिवर्तन या वृद्धि लाते हैं, उन्हें उपसर्ग कहते हैं। संस्कृत में बाईस (22) उपसर्ग माने जाते हैं — प्र, परा, अप, सम्, अनु, अव, निस्, निर्, दुस्, दुर्, वि, आङ् (आ), नि, अधि, अपि, अति, सु, उत्, अभि, प्रति, परि, उप। उपसर्ग के जुड़ने से धातु का अर्थ बदल या गहरा हो जाता है। उदाहरणतः ‘हृ’ धातु का अर्थ है ‘ले जाना’; इसमें उपसर्ग जोड़ने पर — आ + हृ = आहरति (लाना), वि + हृ = विहरति (विहार करना), सम् + हृ = संहरति (संहार करना), प्र + हृ = प्रहरति (प्रहार करना)। इसी प्रकार ‘गम्’ में प्र + गम् = प्रगच्छति, आ + गम् = आगच्छति। उपसर्गों का ज्ञान शब्दों के सही अर्थ समझने और बनाने के लिए अत्यंत उपयोगी है।
उपसर्ग की परिभाषाबाईस उपसर्गअर्थ-परिवर्तनहृ/गम् धातु के उदाहरणउपसर्ग बनाम अव्यय
Characters & key ideas
उपसर्गःधातु/शब्द के पहले जुड़कर अर्थ बदलने वाला शब्दांश।
प्रअधिकता/आगे के अर्थ का उपसर्ग (प्रगति)।
आ (आङ्)‘तक/की ओर’ के अर्थ का उपसर्ग (आगमन)।
विविशेष/भिन्नता के अर्थ का उपसर्ग (विहार)।
सम्अच्छी तरह/मिलकर के अर्थ का उपसर्ग (संगम)।
अर्थ-परिवर्तनउपसर्ग से धातु के अर्थ में आया बदलाव।
Extra questions & answers (board-style)
Try one from this chapter
उपसर्ग किसे कहते हैं?