प्रत्ययाः
Class 10 Sanskrit · व्याकरणवीथिः · Chapter 8
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The story in short
जो शब्दांश किसी धातु या शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर नए शब्द बनाते हैं, उन्हें प्रत्यय कहते हैं। प्रत्यय मुख्यतः दो प्रकार के होते हैं — कृत् प्रत्यय और तद्धित प्रत्यय। कृत् प्रत्यय धातुओं में जुड़ते हैं; जैसे क्त्वा (पठ् + क्त्वा = पठित्वा = पढ़कर), तुमुन् (पठ् + तुमुन् = पठितुम् = पढ़ने के लिए), ल्यप् (उपसर्गयुक्त धातु में — आ + गम् + ल्यप् = आगत्य = आकर), शतृ/शानच् (वर्तमानकालिक कृदन्त — पठन् = पढ़ता हुआ), तथा क्त/क्तवतु (भूतकालिक — गत = गया हुआ)। तद्धित प्रत्यय संज्ञा/विशेषण में जुड़ते हैं; जैसे मतुप् (बल + मतुप् = बलवान्), त्व/तल् (गुरु + त्व = गुरुत्व; जन + ता = जनता)। स्त्री-प्रत्यय (टाप्, ङीप्) से स्त्रीलिंग शब्द बनते हैं (बाल + टाप् = बाला)। प्रत्ययों का ज्ञान नए शब्द बनाने और पहचानने में सहायक है।
कृत् और तद्धित प्रत्ययक्त्वा, तुमुन्, ल्यप्क्त/क्तवतुमतुप्, त्व, तल्स्त्री-प्रत्यय
Characters & key ideas
प्रत्ययःशब्द/धातु के अंत में जुड़कर नया शब्द बनाने वाला अंश।
कृत् प्रत्ययःधातु में जुड़ने वाले प्रत्यय — क्त्वा, तुमुन्, क्त।
तद्धित प्रत्ययःसंज्ञा/विशेषण में जुड़ने वाले प्रत्यय — मतुप्, त्व।
क्त्वा/ल्यप्‘कर’ अर्थ के पूर्वकालिक कृदन्त प्रत्यय।
तुमुन्‘के लिए’ अर्थ का प्रत्यय (पठितुम्)।
स्त्री-प्रत्ययःस्त्रीलिंग बनाने वाले प्रत्यय — टाप्, ङीप्।
Extra questions & answers (board-style)
Try one from this chapter
प्रत्यय किसे कहते हैं?