A lossless half-wave dipole in free space is center-fed with a sinusoidal current. Which statement about its far-field radiation pattern is correct?

It has maximum radiation broadside to the dipole and nulls along the dipole axis.

For a rectangular microstrip patch antenna operating in the dominant TM10 mode, the patch length L is approximately chosen as

lambda_g/2 in the effective dielectric medium

A Hertzian dipole of length l carries current I0. In the far field, which quantity varies inversely with distance r from the antenna?

Electric and magnetic field amplitudes

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GATE Electronics and Communication Engineering Syllabus

Includes analog and digital electronics, communication systems, signal processing, and VLSI design, for careers in telecommunications and electronics.

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Impedance matching and transformation · 133 formulae in the cheatsheet

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DPCM relies on inter-sample correlation; for white/uncorrelated signals it gives no advantage over PCM.

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Revision & Exam Traps· 6 formulae · 3 traps

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Analog · Gain

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Signals & Systems

Nyquist needs fs ≥ 2·f_max. Sampling below that ALIASES — high frequencies fold back as low ones.

BJT

β (common-emitter) and α (common-base) relate by β = α/(1−α); they are NOT equal.

Networks · Resonance

Analog

Voltage gain in dB is 20·log (not 10·log); 10·log is for power ratios. Mixing them doubles/halves the dB.

GATE Electronics and Communication Engineering Syllabus (2025)

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