An arithmetic expression is a mathematical phrase such as \(13 + 2\), \(20 - 4\) or \(12 \times 5\) that has a single value — the number it evaluates to. This chapter teaches you to read expressions (\(5 \times 25\) as "5 times 25" or "the product of 5 and 25"), to write them for real situations, and to compare two expressions using \(=\), \(<\) and \(>\) based on their values. You see that many different expressions can stand for the same number, for example \(10+2\), \(15-3\), \(3\times4\) and \(24\div2\) all equal \(12\). The heart of the chapter is the structure of expressions: how brackets, terms, and the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division fit together, and why following the agreed order of operations gives one definite value. You learn to use brackets to group terms, to "open" brackets, and to apply useful properties such as the distributive property to swap, regroup and simplify expressions efficiently. These skills lay the groundwork for algebra, where letters later stand in for numbers.
Reading and writing arithmetic expressionsValue of an expressionComparing expressions with =, < and >Terms and bracketsDistributive property and simplifying
Key terms
Arithmetic expression
A phrase combining numbers with operations \((+, -, \times, \div)\) that has a single value.
Value of an expression
The single number an expression evaluates to, e.g. the value of \(13+2\) is \(15\).
Term
A part of an expression separated by \(+\) or \(-\) signs.
Brackets
Symbols used to group parts of an expression so they are evaluated together first.
Comparing expressions
Deciding which expression is larger using \(=\), \(<\) or \(>\) by comparing their values.
Distributive property
The rule \(a \times (b + c) = a \times b + a \times c\), used to open brackets.
Extra questions & answers
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What is the value of the expression \(13 + 2\)?
Flashcards & interactive practice
Practice quiz · Arithmetic Expressions
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