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YOUR STUDY SPACE · CBSE

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — Class 8 Mathematics

Ganita Prakash Part 1 · Chapter 6

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Chapter summary

This algebra chapter is built around the distributive property and its many uses. It first studies how a product changes when its factors change: increasing both and by raises by , captured by the master identity . From this flow the special identities , , and , each justified both algebraically and geometrically by areas of squares and rectangles. These identities give fast mental methods — for example , and Sridharacharya’s rule . The distributive property also powers quick multiplications by The chapter then connects multiple algebraic expressions that describe the same growing pattern, showing that different-looking expressions (such as and ) are equal, reinforcing that one pattern can be modelled in many valid ways.
Distributive propertyIncrements in productsSquare and difference-of-squares identitiesFast multiplicationEquivalent algebraic expressions

Key ideas & terms

Distributive property
The rule , relating multiplication and addition.
Identity
An equation true for all values of its letter-numbers, such as .
Like terms
Terms with exactly the same letter-numbers, which can be added, e.g. .
Square of a sum
The identity .
Difference of squares
The identity .
Master product identity
The expansion , from which special cases follow.

Extra questions & answers

State the distributive property.

; multiplication distributes over addition.

Expand .

.

Expand .

.

What is in factored form?

, the difference-of-squares identity.

Use an identity to compute .

.

By how much does increase if both and increase by ?

By , since .

Compute using a single identity.

.

Use Sridharacharya’s method to find .

.

Why are and equal?

Expanding ; they describe the same pattern.

How does the distributive property speed up ?

Write .