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YOUR STUDY SPACE · CBSE

Algebra Play — Class 8 Mathematics

Ganita Prakash Part 2 · Chapter 5

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Chapter summary

Algebra Play uses algebra to explain and invent number tricks and puzzles. Think-of-a-number tricks always land on a fixed value because the chosen number cancels out — for example, doubling, adding , halving and subtracting always gives . A date trick encodes month and day as , so subtracting recovers the date. Number pyramids, where each cell is the sum of the two below it, are decoded with letter-numbers: a three-row pyramid has top value . Algebra grids and calendar tricks (a calendar block sums to ) are solved by setting up and solving equations. The chapter shows how to make the largest product from given digits by using the largest as the multiplier, and proves divisibility tricks — the difference of a two-digit number and its reverse, , is always divisible by ; cycling the digits of yields a sum divisible by . Word problems on ages, animals and coins are modelled and solved with linear equations.
Think-of-a-number tricksNumber pyramidsAlgebra and calendar gridsLargest productsDivisibility tricks and word problems

Key ideas & terms

Think-of-a-number trick
A sequence of operations that always gives a fixed result because the unknown cancels out.
Number pyramid
A triangular grid where each number equals the sum of the two directly below it.
Algebra grid
A grid where shapes stand for numbers and each row’s last cell is the sum of the others, solved by equations.
Calendar trick
Using algebra to recover entries of a calendar block from their sum, e.g. a block sums to .
Divisibility trick
A puzzle whose outcome is always divisible by a number, justified with algebra.
Linear equation
An equation modelling a word problem, solved to find an unknown quantity.

Extra questions & answers

Why does doubling a number, adding , halving, then subtracting the original always give ?

Algebraically , independent of .

How is a date encoded in the date trick?

As ; subtracting leaves , revealing month and day.

What is the top value of a three-row number pyramid with base ?

.

What does a calendar block sum to in terms of its top-left number ?

.

If a calendar block sums to , what is the top-left number?

Solve to get .

To make the largest product from three digits, where should the largest digit go?

As the single-digit multiplier, with the other two arranged in decreasing order as the multiplicand.

Why is the difference of a two-digit number and its reverse divisible by ?

Because , which is a multiple of .

What happens when you add a two-digit number and its reverse?

The sum is divisible by , since .

A mother is times her daughter’s age; in years she will be times as old. How old is the daughter now?

Solving gives years.

On a farm with heads and legs, how many horses are there?

If all were hens there would be legs; the extra legs come from horses, so horses.