In levelling, a "benchmark" is best defined as which of the following?

A fixed reference point of known elevation

The "height of instrument" (collimation) method computes the reduced level of a point by which relation?

Height of instrument minus the staff reading at that point

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GATE Architecture and Planning Syllabus

Encompasses urban and regional planning, architectural design, building materials, and sustainable development, preparing candidates for careers in architecture and urban design.

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GATE Architecture and Planning Syllabus (2025)

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