Values and Dispositions — Class 8 English
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2- Mathematics
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Chapter summary
The story in steps
- The chapter opens with Major Somnath Sharma’s courage being honoured as a lasting inspiration for the nation.
- Pakistan sends infiltrators into Kashmir to seize key places, including Srinagar airport, after launching Operation Gulmarg.
- Major Somnath Sharma reaches Srinagar with D Company and insists on fighting beside his men despite his injured hand.
- At Badgam, his 90 soldiers face about 500 invaders, resist strongly, and call for air strikes to slow the attack.
- Though heavily outnumbered and short of ammunition, Major Somnath refuses to withdraw and fights while guiding and encouraging his men.
- A mortar shell kills him, but his company holds on long enough to save Srinagar, and he receives the Param Vir Chakra.
Key ideas & terms
- Major Somnath Sharma
- Officer of the Kumaon Regiment and India’s first Param Vir Chakra recipient, who died defending Badgam in 1947.
- Param Vir Chakra
- India’s highest wartime gallantry award; its design is inspired by Sage Dadhichi’s sacrifice.
- Battle of Badgam
- The 1947 action near Srinagar where Major Sharma’s company held off infiltrators to protect the airfield.
- Valour
- Great courage in the face of danger; the central virtue celebrated in the prose lesson.
- “Somebody’s Mother” (poem)
- A poem by Mary Dow Brine about a boy who helps an old woman cross a snowy road, highlighting kindness and empathy.
- Disposition
- A person’s natural qualities of character, such as courage, compassion, humility and respect, that the unit develops.
शब्दार्थ · Word meanings
- etched
- fixed permanently in memory
- beacon
- source of inspiration
- valour
- great courage
- infiltrators
- people who secretly invade
- annex
- take possession of
- combat
- a battle
- eerily
- in a strange, frightening way
- resolute
- firmly determined
- tenacity
- strong determination
- ammunition
- supply of bullets and shells
- posthumously
- after death
- legacy
- values passed to later generations
Extra questions & answers
Who was Major Somnath Sharma?
An officer of the Kumaon Regiment and the first Indian to be awarded the Param Vir Chakra for his bravery at Badgam in 1947.
Why was the Battle of Badgam important?
Holding Badgam stopped the infiltrators from advancing to Srinagar airfield, helping to safeguard the Kashmir Valley.
How did Major Sharma show extraordinary courage despite his injury?
Though his arm was fractured and in plaster, he still led his company, carried ammunition and directed fire against a much larger enemy.
What does the Param Vir Chakra represent and what inspired its design?
It is India’s highest wartime gallantry award; its design is inspired by Sage Dadhichi, who sacrificed himself for a greater cause.
How is Major Sharma’s memory honoured today?
Through the National War Memorial, commemorative stamps, patriotic songs, books and celebrations such as Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
What is the poem “Somebody’s Mother” about?
It describes a cheerful schoolboy who pauses to help a poor, old woman safely cross a snowy, slippery street.
Why does the boy help the old woman in the poem?
He thinks she could be somebody’s mother and hopes that, one day, someone will help his own mother when she is old.
What values does the poem teach?
Kindness, empathy, respect for elders and the idea that small, thoughtful acts reveal true goodness of character.
How does the old woman respond to the boy’s kindness?
That night she prays for the noble boy, asking God to be kind to “somebody’s son”.
What common theme links the prose and the poem in this unit?
Both celebrate selfless action for others—great sacrifice in battle and small everyday kindness both spring from good values.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I Work in pairs. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 1. What do you think about the Republic Day Parade on 26 January?
The Republic Day Parade is a proud and inspiring national event that showcases India's unity, military strength, cultural diversity and achievements. It makes us feel patriotic and respectful towards those who serve the nation.
I Work in pairs. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 2. What are the highlights of this parade?
Highlights include the flag hoisting, march past by the armed forces, display of tableaux from states, bravery awards, fly-past by the Air Force, and cultural performances.
I Work in pairs. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 3. What bravery awards are given on this day, and who receives them?
Gallantry awards like Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra and Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar for children are given to soldiers, civilians and children who have shown exceptional courage.
II Work in groups of four and discuss. 1. What qualities do you think a soldier should have?
A soldier should have courage, discipline, patriotism, selflessness, physical fitness, determination, honesty, loyalty and a strong sense of duty.
II Work in groups of four and discuss. 2. If you had to share a message with a soldier, what would it be?
Thank you for protecting our country with bravery and sacrifice. Your dedication inspires us and we are proud of you. Jai Hind.
Let us discuss
I Arrange the following events in chronological order. The first and the last events have been marked for you. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 1. Major Somnath Sharma was born in 1923 in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. (1) 2. Even after losing Major Somnath Sharma, the soldiers fought bravely to save Srinagar for India. 3. The D Company, under the command of Major Somnath Sharma, was flown into Srinagar. 4. Major Somnath Sharma underwent training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. 5. Major Somnath Sharma requested air strikes to combat the enemy at Badgam. 6. Major Somnath Sharma was commissioned into the 19th Hyderabad Regiment in 1942. 7. Major Somnath Sharma was killed immediately after a mortar shell hit him. 8. Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra. (8)
Correct chronological order is: 1 -> 4 -> 6 -> 3 -> 5 -> 7 -> 2 -> 8. That is: Born 1923 (1), training at Sandhurst, commissioned in 1942, D Company flown to Srinagar on 31 October 1947, requested air strikes at Badgam on 3 November, killed by mortar shell, soldiers still held position for six hours, awarded Param Vir Chakra posthumously (8).
Let us think and reflect
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. Vastly outnumbered and facing devastating fire, Major Somnath Sharma and his men stood resolute... (i) What can be inferred about the conditions from the line: ‘The air was thick with gunfire...’ A. The gunshots had stopped for a while. B. There was intense fighting on the battlefield. C. The invaders were retreating from the fight. D. The Indian soldiers had achieved victory.
B. There was intense fighting on the battlefield.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. (ii) Complete the sentence with a suitable reason. Despite heavy casualties, Major Somnath Sharma continued to lead his men because ________________________________________.
he was determined to hold his position, protect Srinagar airfield and inspire his men to fight with courage till reinforcements arrived.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. (iii) Select the correct option for both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) given below: (A): Major Somnath Sharma moved fearlessly through the battlefield, even though he was injured. (R): He believed his courage was important to motivate the soldiers. A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). C. (A) is true, but (R) is false. D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. (iv) Fill in the blank with the correct word from those given in the brackets: Major Somnath Sharma was filling magazines, and encouraging his men to hold their ground despite ___________________________. (injuries/worry)
injuries
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. Born on 31 January 1923, in the picturesque town of Dadh in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, Somnath Sharma belonged to a family with a rich military legacy... (i) What can be inferred about Somnath Sharma’s early influences on his career? A. He was primarily influenced by his father’s achievements in the military. B. His inspiration came solely from the tales of the Mahabharata. C. His family and heritage inspired his bravery and sense of duty. D. He decided to join the military out of necessity rather than passion.
C. His family and heritage inspired his bravery and sense of duty.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. (ii) Identify whether the following statement is true or false: Somnath Sharma belonged to a wealthy family.
False. The extract says he belonged to a family with a rich military legacy, not necessarily wealthy.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. (iii) What does the phrase ‘served the nation with distinction’ tell us about Major General Amar Nath Sharma?
It tells us he performed his duties with exceptional dedication, honour and excellence and was highly respected for his service.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. (iv) Replace the underlined phrase with a word from the extract that has a similar meaning. My family and I visited a popular hill station and stayed in an old but visually charming house surrounded by trees.
picturesque
II Answer the following questions. 1. ‘Major Somnath’s legacy of courage and devotion to the nation remains forever alive, forever alive…’ What is the significance of the repetition in this line?
The repetition emphasizes that his courage and sacrifice will never be forgotten and will continue to inspire generations forever.
II Answer the following questions. 2. Why do you think Major Somnath’s leadership was critical during the Battle of Badgam?
Because his 90 men were vastly outnumbered by about 500 invaders. His brave decisions, like requesting air strikes, laying panels, motivating men and refusing to withdraw, held the enemy back long enough for reinforcements to save Srinagar.
II Answer the following questions. 3. What were Major Somnath’s last words? What do they reflect about his sense of duty?
His last message was: 'The enemy is only 50 yards from us. We are heavily outnumbered. We are under devastating fire. I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round.' It reflects his absolute commitment, selflessness and refusal to abandon duty even at the cost of his life.
II Answer the following questions. 4. What might have been the outcome of the Battle of Badgam if Major Somnath and his company had not held their ground?
The infiltrators would have captured Srinagar airfield and the valley, allowing Pakistan to control strategic passes and jeopardizing India's access and defence of Kashmir.
II Answer the following questions. 5. Why do you think Major Somnath’s story continues to inspire soldiers and civilians today?
Because it is an example of supreme courage, patriotism and self-sacrifice at a very young age, showing how one person's determination can protect the nation.
II Answer the following questions. 6. How can the values demonstrated by Major Somnath Sharma—courage, duty, and self-sacrifice—be applied in our daily lives?
We can be courageous by facing challenges honestly, do our duties sincerely as students and citizens, and help others selflessly without thinking only of personal gain.
Let us learn
I Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with the most suitable situations given in Column 2. 1. Fight to the last man
(ii) The soldiers fought valiantly until each one laid down his life for the nation.
I Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with the most suitable situations given in Column 2. 2. Foil the plan
(iv) A spy disrupts the enemy’s efforts to invade a country by intercepting their communications.
I Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with the most suitable situations given in Column 2. 3. Deliver a blow
(i) A sports team scores a last-minute goal, giving them the lead and shaking the opponent’s confidence.
I Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with the most suitable situations given in Column 2. 4. Hold their ground
(iii) Soldiers stay in their position and fight back, even though the enemy is stronger.
I Now, complete the following sentences using the expressions from Column 1. A. The detective managed to ______________ by finding the hidden evidence before the culprit could get rid of it.
foil the plan
I Now, complete the following sentences using the expressions from Column 1. B. The company’s new advertising campaign was meant to ______________ to their competitors’ sales.
deliver a blow
I Now, complete the following sentences using the expressions from Column 1. C. The hikers chose to ______________ despite the heavy rain, refusing to turn back on their journey.
hold their ground
I Now, complete the following sentences using the expressions from Column 1. D. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the soldiers vowed to defend their homeland and ______________, refusing to surrender to the enemy forces.
fight to the last man
II Match the collective nouns in Column 1 to their meanings in Column 2. 1. regiment
(ii) a permanent unit of an army typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel/colonel and divided into several companies
II Match the collective nouns in Column 1 to their meanings in Column 2. 2. squadron
(iii) a small unit, typically comprising 12–24 aircrafts and their crews used in air force, naval, or army aviation services.
II Match the collective nouns in Column 1 to their meanings in Column 2. 3. fleet
(iv) a group of ships sailing together, engaged in the same activity, or under the same ownership
II Match the collective nouns in Column 1 to their meanings in Column 2. 4. battalion
(i) a large body of troops ready for battle, especially an infantry unit
II Now, fill in the blanks suitably with words from Column 1 in the table. A. The commanding officer addressed the entire ________ of soldiers during the morning assembly.
battalion
II Now, fill in the blanks suitably with words from Column 1 in the table. B. The admiral ordered the entire ________ to set sail for battle.
fleet
II Now, fill in the blanks suitably with words from Column 1 in the table. C. The ________ of infantry advanced slowly through the dense forest.
regiment
II Now, fill in the blanks suitably with words from Column 1 in the table. D. A ________ of fighter jets was sent to intercept the enemy planes.
squadron
III Read the following words from the text and fill in the blanks with the correct words by taking clues from the meanings given below in the box. overwhelm overthrow overrun Meanings 1. To take and seize control: ____________
overthrow
III Meanings 2. To invade or occupy an area in large numbers: ____________
overrun
III Meanings 3. To flood or overpower someone or something emotionally: ____________
overwhelm
III Now, create a list of at least five other verbs that begin with ‘over’ and frame sentences of your own.
Five verbs: overcome, overlook, overtake, overestimate, overjoy. Sentences: I overcame my fear of speaking. Don't overlook the instructions. The car overtook the truck. Don't overestimate the difficulty. She was overjoyed to see her friend.
IV Now, fill in the blanks correctly with the words given in the brackets. 1. The teacher’s (i) ____________ is always helpful, and she continues to (ii) ____________ students on their career choices. (advice/advise)
(i) advice (noun) (ii) advise (verb)
IV Now, fill in the blanks correctly with the words given in the brackets. 2. The musician believes that daily (i) ____________ helps a lot, so she is always ready to (ii) ____________ her harmonium lessons. (practice/practise)
(i) practice (noun) (ii) practise (verb) - in British English; in American English both are practice
IV Now, fill in the blanks correctly with the words given in the brackets. 3. The scientist uses a strange (i) ____________ for experiments and plans to (ii) ____________ new methods for his analysis. (device/devise)
(i) device (noun) (ii) devise (verb)
IV Now, fill in the blanks correctly with the words given in the brackets. 4. The village (i) ____________ met to discuss issues and decided to (ii) ____________ the villagers on important matters. (council/counsel)
(i) council (noun) (ii) counsel (verb)
V Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets. 1. The bouquet of flowers __________ (is/are) beautiful.
is
V Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets. 2. Neither the teacher nor the students __________ (was/were) aware of the change in the schedule.
were
V Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets. 3. Each of the participants __________ (has/have) submitted their projects on time.
has
V Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets. 4. The data collected by the researchers __________ (shows/show) significant trends.
shows
V Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets. 5. One of the players __________ (was/were) injured during the match.
was
V Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets. 6. Either the children or their guardian __________ (has/have) to attend the meeting.
has
V Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets. 7. A pair of shoes __________ (is/are) missing from the rack.
is
V Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets. 8. Neither of the statements __________ (is/are) true.
is
V Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets. 9. The members of the jury __________ (has deliver/have delivered) their verdict to the court.
have delivered
V Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets. 10. Mathematics __________ (is/are) an interesting subject for many students.
is
VI Read the following passage and correct the incorrect usage of verbs. Each soldier salute with pride while the commander and his assistants inspects the parade. The sound of marching feet echo through the air as a group of cadets prepare for their drill. Meanwhile, a convoy of military vehicles pass by, drawing cheers from the gathered crowd.
Corrected: Each soldier salutes with pride while the commander and his assistants inspect the parade. The sound of marching feet echoes through the air as a group of cadets prepares for their drill. Meanwhile, a convoy of military vehicles passes by, drawing cheers from the gathered crowd.
Let us listen
I You will listen to a talk about the Param Vir Chakra. As you listen, complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with one or two exact words or phrases you hear. 1. The Param Vir Chakra signifies the ‘Wheel of the Ultimate ____________’.
Brave
I You will listen to a talk about the Param Vir Chakra. As you listen, complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with one or two exact words or phrases you hear. 2. The Param Vir Chakra is awarded to someone who shows exemplary bravery while fighting with the ____________.
enemy
I You will listen to a talk about the Param Vir Chakra. As you listen, complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with one or two exact words or phrases you hear. 3. The Param Vir Chakra was introduced as a Gallantry Medal in 1947 by the ____________.
President of India / Dr. Rajendra Prasad
I You will listen to a talk about the Param Vir Chakra. As you listen, complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with one or two exact words or phrases you hear. 4. The design of the Param Vir Chakra is inspired by Sage Dadhichi, who was a ____________.
Vedic rishi
I You will listen to a talk about the Param Vir Chakra. As you listen, complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with one or two exact words or phrases you hear. 5. The state emblem in the centre of the Param Vir Chakra is surrounded by the Vajra and ____________.
lotus flowers
Let us speak
I As the citizens of a nation, we all must fulfil our duty. In groups of 4–5, speak about how you propose to serve your nation. You can choose from the themes given below: Saving the environment, Health and well-being, Helping others, Righteous conduct
I believe one of the best ways to serve the nation is by saving the environment. A small change we can make is planting trees and avoiding plastic and it will have a big impact because it keeps air clean. If everyone contributes by keeping surroundings clean it can lead to a healthier India. Serving the nation is not just about big actions; even small efforts like helping others matter.
Let us write
I A letter of enquiry is a formal letter written to seek detailed information about something the writer wants to know. Now, write a letter of enquiry. Your school wishes to organise a visit to a Memorial in your state/region. Write the letter to the incharge of that memorial requesting for information regarding available dates for visits, the duration of the tour, any entry fees, and guidelines for student groups.
Sender's Address: XYZ School, New Delhi, Date: 8 August 2026, Receiver: The In-charge, National War Memorial, New Delhi, Subject: Enquiry about a School Visit to a Memorial, Dear Sir, This is to enquire about a school visit for 50 students of Class 8 to the National War Memorial. Could you please provide details about available dates in September, the duration of the tour, any entry fees, and guidelines for student groups. I would also be grateful for details on photography rules and guide facility. An early reply will be greatly appreciated as it will help us plan transport and permissions. Yours sincerely, ABC, Class 8
Let us explore
I Out of twenty-one PVC awardees, Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient of the PVC, and Captain Vikram Batra was the last recipient of the PVC, the highest gallantry award. (Task to find out more)
Captain Vikram Batra, known as Shershah of Kargil, showed exemplary courage in capturing Point 5140 and Point 4875 in the Kargil War in 1999. Despite being injured, he killed five enemies and inspired his men before sacrificing his life. He was awarded Param Vir Chakra posthumously. His motto Yeh Dil Mange More inspires youth.
II Gallantry awards in India are given to military personnel and others for displaying extraordinary courage in the line of duty. Some of the gallantry awards in India are: Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Vir Chakra. Find out more about gallantry awards.
Gallantry awards are given for bravery in presence of enemy. Param Vir Chakra is highest, then Maha Vir Chakra, then Vir Chakra. Peacetime equivalents are Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra and Shaurya Chakra. They honour soldiers and civilians for courage.
III The Indian government has been steadfast in its initiatives to boost the representation of women in the Indian Armed Forces. These women have been serving the nation selflessly and with pride. Find out the key roles of women in the Indian Army. Share the information with your classmates and teacher.
Women now serve as officers in Army, Navy and Air Force, as pilots, doctors, engineers, in military police, peacekeeping missions and combat support roles. They have been granted permanent commission and command roles, showing equality and empowerment.
IV Birsa Munda: A Saga of Courage and Sacrifice (Task to read)
Birsa Munda, known as Dharti Aaba, was a tribal freedom fighter from the Munda tribe who led resistance against British colonial rule for tribal rights and self-governance. His bravery and spiritual leadership make him a revered folk hero, honoured with a commemorative stamp.
V Make a list of the patriotic songs in any language, including songs from your region. Share the songs with your classmates and teacher.
Some patriotic songs: Vande Mataram, Jana Gana Mana, Saare Jahan Se Achha, Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon, Maa Tujhe Salaam, Rang De Basanti, and regional songs like Kannada Jaya Bharata Jananiya.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I Recall a time you helped someone. Write two words describing: 1. What were your feelings after you did so? 2. What might have been the feelings of the person whom you helped? Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
1. I felt happy and satisfied. 2. The person I helped likely felt grateful, relieved and happy.
II Work in pairs. Read the words given below. Circle the words you would associate with an elderly person and underline the words you would associate with a school student. Share the reasons for your choices with your classmates and teacher. strong worried trembling hastening firm bent merry grey slow guide helpful
Elderly: trembling, bent, grey, slow, worried. School student: strong, hastening, firm, merry, helpful, guide. Reason: Elderly are often frail and slow, students are energetic and cheerful, though helpfulness can apply to both.
III Read the lines. The woman was old and ragged and grey And bent with the chill of the Winter’s day. Select the suitable meaning of ‘ragged’ as used in these lines. There are other four meanings given below. Discuss with your classmates and teacher. 1. (of clothes) old and torn; synonym: shabby 2. Having an outline, an edge, or a surface that is not straight or even 3. Not smooth or regular; not showing control or careful preparation 4. (Informal) very tired, especially after physical effort
Meaning 1: (of clothes) old and torn; shabby. Here ragged describes her worn-out clothes and overall poor, aged appearance.
Let us discuss
I Arrange the events of the poem in the correct order of occurrence. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 1. The boy returned to his friends, feeling proud of what he had done. 2. The old woman stood alone at the crossing, hesitant to move. 3. A group of schoolboys passed by, playing, and laughing. 4. The boy offered to help the old woman cross the street. 5. The woman prayed for the boy who helped her. 6. The children hurried past the old woman without offering help. 7. The woman placed her hand on the boy’s arm, and he guided her safely across the street. 8. The boy thought about his own mother and hoped someone would help her one day.
Correct order: 2 -> 3 -> 6 -> 4 -> 7 -> 1 -> 8 -> 5. The old woman waited alone, boys came playing, most hurried past, one boy offered help, guided her across, returned proud, spoke about his mother, woman prayed at night.
II Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer from the options given in the brackets. 1. The central theme of the poem is _____________. (kindness and empathy/adventure and courage)
kindness and empathy
II Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer from the options given in the brackets. 2. The tone of the poem is _____________. (humorous and playful/sympathetic and hopeful)
sympathetic and hopeful
II Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer from the options given in the brackets. 3. The poem is written in couplets with _____________ lines in each stanza. (four/two)
two
II Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer from the options given in the brackets. 4. The structure of the poem gives a rhythmic flow that reflects both the _____________. (narrative and emotions/story’s pace and message)
narrative and emotions
II Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer from the options given in the brackets. 5. The poem follows a rhyme scheme of _____________. (AABB/ABAB)
AABB
III Pick examples from the poem for the following poetic devices. 1. Simile
Came the boys like a flock of sheep
III Pick examples from the poem for the following poetic devices. 2. Alliteration
Glad in the freedom, or happy and well content, or stood at the crossing
III Pick examples from the poem for the following poetic devices. 3. Repetition
The woman was old and ragged and grey repeated, and somebody's mother, or vande mataram in introduction
IV Complete the following sentences appropriately explaining the imagery. 1. The poem uses imagery to describe scenes of a bustling street. We know this by the phrase _______________________.
amid the throng / human beings who passed her by / laughter and shout
IV Complete the following sentences appropriately explaining the imagery. 2. The line ‘The street was wet with a recent snow’ suggests a cold and _______________________ weather, emphasising the woman’s helplessness.
chilly / slippery / wintry
V Complete the following sentence with a suitable reason. The poet repeats the phrase Somebody’s mother because it _______________________.
reminds readers that the old woman is someone's loved mother and evokes empathy, respect and the idea we should treat elders as we would want our own mother to be treated.
VI Complete the analogy: The old woman: vulnerable and neglected :: The young boy: _______________________.
kind and helpful / compassionate and respectful
Let us think and reflect
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. The woman was old and ragged and grey... (i) What does the phrase ‘ragged and grey’ refer to ? A. the woman’s emotional state that day B. the woman’s old and worn-out appearance C. the weather conditions of the particular day D. the colour of the street and the surroundings
B. the woman’s old and worn-out appearance
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. (ii) Complete the following sentence with a suitable reason: The woman was ‘bent’ with the chill of the Winter’s day because she was _______________________.
old, frail and affected by the cold winter weather that made her stoop
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. (iii) Identify the fact and opinion from the following sentences: A. The street was wet with recent snow. _______________________ B. The woman was too weak to cross the street on her own. _______________________
A. Fact B. Opinion (inference, though supported by poem)
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. (iv) Why do you think the woman’s feet were described as ‘aged and slow’?
To show she was elderly, weak and unable to walk quickly or cross the busy slippery street confidently.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. He guided the trembling feet along, Proud that his own were firm and strong... (i) What does the contrast between the ‘trembling feet’ of the old woman and the ‘firm and strong’ feet of the boy emphasise?
It emphasises the contrast between youth and old age, strength and frailty, and highlights the boy's ability to help.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. (ii) Fill in the blank given below by selecting the correct option from the brackets. The poem tells us that the boy was ‘proud’ that his feet were strong. This tells us that the boy was ________. (arrogant about being strong/grateful for his ability to help)
grateful for his ability to help
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. (iii) What is the boy most likely to tell his friends on getting back? A. I’m so glad I could help her. B. I’m worried about her safety. C. I’m surprised she forgot to thank me. D. I’m thankful for all your support.
A. I’m so glad I could help her.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. (iv) Rectify the false sentence given below. The young boy’s actions were driven by a logical decision.
False. The boy's actions were driven by kindness, empathy and moral values, not mere logic.
II Answer the following questions. 1. What might be the old woman’s fears as she waited for a long time at the crossing?
She feared being hit by carriage wheels or horses' feet and slipping on the wet snowy street because she was frail and alone.
II Answer the following questions. 2. How does the poet show the helplessness of the old woman? Support your answer with evidence from the poem.
The poet shows she stood alone, uncared for amid the throng, no one heeded her anxious eyes, children hurried past without helping, and she was afraid to stir lest she be crowded down.
II Answer the following questions. 3. Why does the boy decide to help the old woman? What does this tell us about him?
He helps out of empathy, remembering his own mother who might one day be old and alone far away. It shows he is kind, respectful, compassionate and thoughtful.
II Answer the following questions. 4. How was the boy’s approach towards the old woman different from that of the other boys in the group?
Other boys passed by laughing and ignored her, while he paused, spoke gently, offered help and guided her safely, showing sensitivity.
II Answer the following questions. 5. Justify the appropriateness of the title of the poem.
The title Somebody's Mother is appropriate because it reminds us every elderly neglected person is someone's mother and deserves love and care, which is the poem's central message.
II Answer the following questions. 6. What does the poem suggest about the role of empathy and humanity in society?
It suggests empathy makes society humane; small kind acts can bring great comfort and we should care for the vulnerable as we would for our own family.
Let us learn
I The grid given below has the antonyms of the words from the text. Locate these words in the grid horizontally, vertically, and diagonally. One example has been done for you. You may refer to a dictionary. firm meek merry kind anxious bent
Antonyms to find: firm -> fragile or weak, meek -> bold, merry -> sad, kind -> cruel, anxious -> peaceful or calm, bent -> straight. They are hidden in the grid horizontally, vertically and diagonally.
II Match the words from the text given in Column 1 with the underlined phrases in Column 2. 1. hastened
(iii) The students worked quickly to complete the project and submit it on time.
II Match the words from the text given in Column 1 with the underlined phrases in Column 2. 2. heeded
(vi) The stranded people were brought to safety because they paid attention to our advice.
II Match the words from the text given in Column 1 with the underlined phrases in Column 2. 3. stir
(i) The mother heard the baby move slightly in the cradle at night.
II Match the words from the text given in Column 1 with the underlined phrases in Column 2. 4. lend
(ii) It is our duty to give support to the poor.
II Match the words from the text given in Column 1 with the underlined phrases in Column 2. 5. piled
(iv) All the boxes were kept in a heap at one place.
II Match the words from the text given in Column 1 with the underlined phrases in Column 2. 6. offered
(v) They came forward to help us when we were in need.
III In the poem, the poet uses the idiom ‘lend a hand’ which means ‘help somebody’. Some more idioms using ‘hand’ are given in Column 1. Match these idioms with their meanings in Column 2. 1. get out of hand
(iv) become difficult to control
III In the poem, the poet uses the idiom ‘lend a hand’ which means ‘help somebody’. Some more idioms using ‘hand’ are given in Column 1. Match these idioms with their meanings in Column 2. 2. try your hand at something
(i) do something new
III In the poem, the poet uses the idiom ‘lend a hand’ which means ‘help somebody’. Some more idioms using ‘hand’ are given in Column 1. Match these idioms with their meanings in Column 2. 3. give somebody a free hand
(vi) allow somebody to do something with full freedom
III In the poem, the poet uses the idiom ‘lend a hand’ which means ‘help somebody’. Some more idioms using ‘hand’ are given in Column 1. Match these idioms with their meanings in Column 2. 4. give somebody a big hand
(ii) applaud somebody
III In the poem, the poet uses the idiom ‘lend a hand’ which means ‘help somebody’. Some more idioms using ‘hand’ are given in Column 1. Match these idioms with their meanings in Column 2. 5. work hand in hand
(iii) work together
III In the poem, the poet uses the idiom ‘lend a hand’ which means ‘help somebody’. Some more idioms using ‘hand’ are given in Column 1. Match these idioms with their meanings in Column 2. 6. have your hands full
(v) be very busy
IV Complete the following analogy by filling in the blanks with the correct words from the poem. 1. ___________ : winter :: heat : summer
chill
IV Complete the following analogy by filling in the blanks with the correct words from the poem. 2. hurt : ___________ :: old: aged
harm
IV Complete the following analogy by filling in the blanks with the correct words from the poem. 3. whispered : shouted :: humble : ___________
proud
IV Complete the following analogy by filling in the blanks with the correct words from the poem. 4. eyes : ___________ :: legs : walk
glance / heed
IV Complete the following analogy by filling in the blanks with the correct words from the poem. 5. having a lot of money: wealthy :: densely packed people: ___________
throng
Let us listen
I You will listen to a woman read the special broadcast of the news. As you listen, arrange the pictures in the correct sequence of the events that took place. (Transcript for teacher on page 99)
Sequence: Woman washing clothes falls into Domri River -> struggles in strong currents -> Rohan leaps into river -> pulls woman to safety -> onlookers witness -> honoured at Vigyan Bhawan with Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar by President Droupadi Murmu.
II You will once again listen to the special broadcast of the news. As you listen, complete the following sentences with one to three exact words. 1. The woman was having a difficult time staying afloat due to the _________________.
strong currents
II You will once again listen to the special broadcast of the news. As you listen, complete the following sentences with one to three exact words. 2. Rohan leapt into the river to save the woman without any _________________.
hesitation
II You will once again listen to the special broadcast of the news. As you listen, complete the following sentences with one to three exact words. 3. Rohan’s act of bravery was witnessed by _________________.
onlookers
II You will once again listen to the special broadcast of the news. As you listen, complete the following sentences with one to three exact words. 4. Rohan was honoured at the Vigyan Bhawan for his incredible courage and _________________.
selfless act / bravery
II You will once again listen to the special broadcast of the news. As you listen, complete the following sentences with one to three exact words. 5. Rohan proved that when it comes to saving lives, age is _________________.
no barrier
Let us speak
I Read aloud the list of words from the poem that end in ‘-ed’. As you read, focus on the final sound of each word and place them in the appropriate columns. One example has been done for you. ragged aged waited heeded offered paused guided whispered
/id/ sound: waited, heeded, ragged, aged (adjective before noun). /d/ sound: offered, whispered, guided. /t/ sound: paused. Note: ragged and aged as adjectives have /id/.
II Work in pairs. Narrate an incident where you helped someone in the past. Take turns to speak and use the cue cards given below. at school, at the market place, in the neighbourhood, in the playground
It all started when I saw an elderly person carrying heavy bags at the market. I was completely taken by surprise but offered help. I carried the bags to her home. A wave of relief washed over her and I felt overjoyed. This experience taught me the value of kindness.
Let us write
I Write a diary entry of a day you helped someone in need. Remember to include the following points while writing it. Start with a sentence describing the day. Mention whom you helped. Explain the situation in which the other person needed help. Add the place and time of the day when the situation arose. Describe how you helped the other person. Describe the reaction of the person you helped. Mention how you felt during and after helping the person. Conclude by mentioning why you would do something like this again.
26 April 20xx, Saturday 8:00 p.m. Dear Diary, Today was a special day. At around 4 p.m. near the market, I saw an old lady struggling to cross the road with heavy bags. I went to her, held her hand and helped her cross and carried her bags. She smiled warmly and blessed me. I felt nervous at first but then very happy and content. I would do this again because helping others brings true joy. Good night.
Let us explore
I Did you know that even Earth has been referred to as mother in the ancient scriptures of India? In section 12.1.12 of Pṛthvi-Sūkta (hymn-to-the-earth) of Atharva Veda, Earth is referred to as mother and us as her children by stating: माता भूमि: पुत्रोऽहं पृथिव्या: । It can be translated as ‘Earth is my mother and I am her child’.
This shows Indian culture respects Earth as mother. We should care for nature, keep it clean and protect forests, water and soil as we care for our mother.
II Work in groups of four. Find out the names of countries that refer to their country as ‘motherland’ and a few others as ‘fatherland’. Share your findings with your classmates and teacher.
Motherland: India, Russia, Mother India. Fatherland: Germany (Vaterland), Netherlands. Many countries use motherland to show love and nurturing, fatherland to show heritage and protection.
III Read the poem and enjoy. A Nation’s Strength Not gold, but only men can make A people great and strong… Ralph Waldo Emerson
The poem says a nation's strength lies not in gold but in brave, honest, hardworking people who stand for truth and honour and build the nation strong.
IV Make a gratitude card for your mother/grandmother to thank her for at least five things that she does for you. Also write two things that you would do regularly to help them. Use recycled material to make and decorate the card.
Gratitude Card Message: Dear Mom, Thank you for cooking delicious food, helping with homework, caring when I am sick, teaching good values, and loving me unconditionally. I will regularly help by keeping my room tidy and helping in the kitchen. Love you.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I Arrange the worldwide means of communication given below in the timeline provided. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 1. telephone 2. email 3. postcard 4. telegraph 5. mobile phone 6. carrier pigeons
Timeline from old to new: carrier pigeons -> postcard -> telegraph -> telephone -> email -> mobile phone (smartphone). Carrier pigeons are oldest, mobile/email are newest.
II Work in pairs and discuss the following things. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 1. The reasons for change in the means of communication over the years.
Communication changed due to technological advancement, need for faster and easier global connection, and invention of electricity, internet and mobile technology.
II Work in pairs and discuss the following things. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 2. The means of communication that you prefer to use and the reason for your choice.
I prefer mobile phone/email because it is instant, convenient and allows sharing text, voice and video quickly.
II Work in pairs and discuss the following things. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 3. Communication through social media: its benefits and precautions that one should take against its misuse.
Benefits: quick sharing, learning, connecting globally. Precautions: protect privacy, avoid sharing personal data, verify information, limit screen time and beware of fake news and cyberbullying.
Let us discuss
I Identify which of the following statements are facts and which are opinions. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 1. But speaking on the telephone only gives us an immediate but fleeting joy.
Opinion
I Identify which of the following statements are facts and which are opinions. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 2. I started my working life soon after our country became independent.
Fact
I Identify which of the following statements are facts and which are opinions. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 3. To be quite honest, service to our nation’s farmers was not the career I had envisioned for myself.
Opinion (also fact about his thought, but considered opinion/personal feeling)
I Identify which of the following statements are facts and which are opinions. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 4. I knew I could make a more meaningful contribution by working here in Anand, Gujarat.
Opinion
I Identify which of the following statements are facts and which are opinions. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 5. … values that I saw in my mentor and supporter here in Anand—Tribhuvandas Patel.
Fact (that Tribhuvandas Patel was his mentor) with opinion element, generally considered Fact
I Identify which of the following statements are facts and which are opinions. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 6. Life is a privilege, and to waste it would be wrong.
Opinion
I Identify which of the following statements are facts and which are opinions. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 7. I hope that you, too, will discover, as I did, that failure is not about not succeeding.
Opinion
I Identify which of the following statements are facts and which are opinions. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 8. … the magnificent ceremony in which the President awarded me the Padma Vibhushan in 1999?
Fact
Let us think and reflect
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. In today’s fast-paced world we have become so addicted to instant communication that we prefer to use a telephone... (i) Fill in the blank given below by selecting the correct option from the brackets. When the writer refers to a ‘fast-paced world’, he is speaking of a world where _________________. (communication happens quickly but lacks depth/people have more time to write and reflect)
communication happens quickly but lacks depth
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. (ii) Select the option that applies correctly to both Assertion (A) and Reason (R). (A): Writing letters can be treasured and re-read over the years. (R): Speaking on the telephone provides long lasting joy. A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). C. (A) is true, but (R) is false. D. Both (A) and (R) are false.
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. (iii) Identify whether the statement given below is true or false. The writer feels that letter-writing is a class apart from other kinds of writing.
False. He says writing, even if it is a letter, becomes a treasured possession, not that letter-writing alone is a class apart.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. (iv) Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the given extract? A. The Rise of Instant Communication B. The Fleeting Delight of Phone Calls C. The Lasting Joy of Written Words D. Living in a Fast-paced World
C. The Lasting Joy of Written Words
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. Your grandmother too made an important choice... (i) How can we say that the grandmother shared her husband’s dedication to a greater cause?
She willingly gave up comforts and ardently supported his decision to live and work in Anand for the farmers, giving him everlasting strength.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. (ii) Complete the following with the correct option from the two given in brackets. The fact that the writer (grandfather) praises his wife tells us that he _____________________ (truly values/quietly accepts) her role in his life.
truly values
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. (iii) Complete the following sentence with the correct option from those given below. Based on the information in the extract, we can infer that the grandmother had all of the following traits EXCEPT ____________. A. encouraging B. understanding C. comforting D. thoughtful
C. comforting (though she is supportive, the extract directly highlights encouraging, understanding, thoughtful; but comforting is less directly evidenced, yet all are positive traits)
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. (iv) Select the phrase that conveys— ‘showed grace under pressure and carried out my duties with dignity and confidence’.
shouldered my responsibilities with poise
II Answer the following questions. 1. What event does Dr. Kurien refer to when he mentions receiving the Padma Vibhushan?
He refers to the magnificent ceremony in Delhi in 1999 where the President of India awarded him the Padma Vibhushan, which his grandson Siddharth attended.
II Answer the following questions. 2. How did Dr. Kurien’s decision to join the cooperative in Anand affect his life?
It transformed his life from prospective careers in metallurgy, army or abroad to a life of service to dairy farmers, leading to the White Revolution and national recognition.
II Answer the following questions. 3. Dr. Kurien’s decision to work in Anand reveals his values and sense of duty. Explain.
He chose meaningful service over personal comfort and lucrative options, showing humility, integrity, patriotism and commitment to the common good.
II Answer the following questions. 4. Why did Dr. Kurien write the letter to his grandson?
To share his life's jottings, values and lessons so Siddharth and future generations could understand his work for farmers and be inspired to serve the nation.
II Answer the following questions. 5. According to Dr. Kurien “life is a privilege and it is wrong to waste it”. What is your opinion on this?
I agree. Life is precious and should be used responsibly by developing talents, helping others and contributing to society rather than wasting time.
II Answer the following questions. 6. What message does Dr. Kurien want to convey about selfless service and its long-term impact on the society?
Selfless service, even if modest and honest, creates lasting positive change, uplifts communities and brings true rewards and happiness beyond personal gain.
Let us learn
I Replace the underlined words in each sentence with the correct synonym from the box. You may refer to a dictionary. essential swift lifelong momentary useful splendid 1. He received the award in a magnificent ceremony.
splendid
I Replace the underlined words in each sentence with the correct synonym from the box. 2. I felt a fleeting joy when I received the appreciation for my song.
momentary
I Replace the underlined words in each sentence with the correct synonym from the box. 3. With today’s instant communication, we can share information across the world in seconds.
swift
I Replace the underlined words in each sentence with the correct synonym from the box. 4. Our school focuses on the core values—collaboration, innovation, and unity.
essential
I Replace the underlined words in each sentence with the correct synonym from the box. 5. My teacher’s advice on time management is a valuable reminder of the importance of planning.
useful
I Replace the underlined words in each sentence with the correct synonym from the box. 6. Reading books and listening to music can give abiding pleasure that will last forever.
lifelong
II Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. 1. in all humility
(iv) being humble and having no feeling of self-importance
II Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. 2. hold their heads high
(vi) be confident and have a positive feeling
II Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. 3. to be quite honest
(i) to speak in a truthful way
II Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. 4. to the best of your ability
(ii) doing something using all your skills, talents, and knowledge
II Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. 5. looked at in awe
(iii) observed with great respect and wonder
II Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. 6. somewhere deep down
(v) in the innermost part of the self
III Make as many words as you can out of the following words. 1. community — city, toy, tune, unity, mutiny, cot 2. important
words from important: port, ant, tan, import, rant, pint
III Make as many words as you can out of the following words. 3. magnificent
words from magnificent: magnet, nice, faint, giant, ant, cent
III Make as many words as you can out of the following words. 4. satisfied
words from satisfied: sad, die, ties, feast, fast, side
III Make as many words as you can out of the following words. 5. generation
words from generation: nation, ration, great, train, earn, gene
III Make as many words as you can out of the following words. 6. achievement
words from achievement: achieve, even, vein, mint, chief, time
IV Let us play a word game—antakshari. 1. Write the synonym of the word according to the clues given below. (i) major (synonym)
important
IV Let us play a word game—antakshari. (ii) problem (synonym)
trouble
IV Let us play a word game—antakshari. (iii) uneven (antonym)
even
IV Let us play a word game—antakshari. (iv) related to post office
postal
IV Let us play a word game—antakshari. (v) our moral duty
obligation / responsibility
IV Let us play a word game—antakshari. (vi) related to time
temporal
IV Let us play a word game—antakshari. (vii) prosperous (synonym)
affluent / thriving
IV Let us play a word game—antakshari. (viii) related to being alive
living
V Study the highlighted punctuation marks in the following sentences from the text. Read the sentences below and insert either an em dash (—) or an en dash (–) suitably. (i) The conference will be held from March 15 March 20.
March 15–March 20 (en dash for range)
V Study the highlighted punctuation marks in the following sentences from the text. (ii) I have lived in Kanpur Raipur for five years now.
Kanpur–Raipur (en dash for connection between places)
V Study the highlighted punctuation marks in the following sentences from the text. (iii) The artist known for her vibrant paintings will be showcasing her work in Guwahati.
The artist—known for her vibrant paintings—will be showcasing her work in Guwahati. (em dashes for extra information)
V Study the highlighted punctuation marks in the following sentences from the text. (iv) The scores for the final match were 2 3.
2–3 (en dash for score)
V Study the highlighted punctuation marks in the following sentences from the text. (v) My favourite snacks samosas, pakoras, and jalebis are all from India.
My favourite snacks—samosas, pakoras, and jalebis—are all from India. (em dashes)
V Study the highlighted punctuation marks in the following sentences from the text. (vi) The train journey from Belagavi Bengaluru takes less than ten hours.
Belagavi–Bengaluru (en dash)
V Study the highlighted punctuation marks in the following sentences from the text. (vii) I just finished reading the book it was absolutely amazing!
I just finished reading the book—it was absolutely amazing! (em dash)
V Study the highlighted punctuation marks in the following sentences from the text. (viii) The event will take place on September 1 September 5.
September 1–September 5 (en dash)
VI Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct word from the options given in the brackets. (i) Please remember to bring ___________ (your/you’re) assignment book.
your
VI Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct word from the options given in the brackets. (ii) The team celebrated ___________ (their/they’re) victory after the match.
their
VI Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct word from the options given in the brackets. (iii) ___________ (its/it’s) important to stay hydrated during the hot summer days.
It's
VI Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct word from the options given in the brackets. (iv) I can’t believe ___________ (your/you’re) going to the mango festival today.
you're
VI Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct word from the options given in the brackets. (v) The students said ___________ (they’re/their) excited for the field trip tomorrow.
they're
VI Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct word from the options given in the brackets. (vi) The tree lost ___________ (its/it’s) leaves in the winter.
its
VII Now, complete the following sentences with suitable prepositional phrases. (i) The children played happily in ___________________________________.
The children played happily in the park in the evening.
VII Now, complete the following sentences with suitable prepositional phrases. (ii) Nisha placed the vase on ___________________________________.
Nisha placed the vase on the table in the living room.
VII Now, complete the following sentences with suitable prepositional phrases. (iii) We discussed the project in ___________________________________.
We discussed the project in the classroom with great interest.
VII Now, complete the following sentences with suitable prepositional phrases. (iv) Preethi found the lost book under ___________________________________.
Preethi found the lost book under the bench in the library.
VII Now, complete the following sentences with suitable prepositional phrases. (v) The cat slept on ___________________________________.
The cat slept on the sofa with great comfort.
VIII Rearrange the following jumbled words and phrases into meaningful sentences. 1. barked/at the strangers/the dog/loudly/the house/walking by
The dog barked loudly at the strangers walking by the house.
VIII Rearrange the following jumbled words and phrases into meaningful sentences. 2. wrote/my classmate/during the/a story/summer vacations
My classmate wrote a story during the summer vacations.
VIII Rearrange the following jumbled words and phrases into meaningful sentences. 3. enjoyed/under the trees/they/by the lake/a picnic
They enjoyed a picnic by the lake under the trees.
VIII Rearrange the following jumbled words and phrases into meaningful sentences. 4. in his/grandfather’s room/hung/he/the painting
He hung the painting in his grandfather's room.
VIII Rearrange the following jumbled words and phrases into meaningful sentences. 5. studied/with great determination/for/students/the/exam
The students studied for the exam with great determination.
Let us listen
I You will listen to the passage about Evelyn Glennie’s journey in overcoming her hearing loss through music and turning a physical disability into a success story. After listening, match the words given in Column 1 with their meanings given in Column 2. 1. percussionist
(i) a person who plays drums and similar instruments
I You will listen to the passage about Evelyn Glennie’s journey in overcoming her hearing loss through music and turning a physical disability into a success story. After listening, match the words given in Column 1 with their meanings given in Column 2. 2. impaired
(v) damaged or weakened
I You will listen to the passage about Evelyn Glennie’s journey in overcoming her hearing loss through music and turning a physical disability into a success story. After listening, match the words given in Column 1 with their meanings given in Column 2. 3. vibrations
(iv) physical sensations caused by sound
I You will listen to the passage about Evelyn Glennie’s journey in overcoming her hearing loss through music and turning a physical disability into a success story. After listening, match the words given in Column 1 with their meanings given in Column 2. 4. determination
(ii) the ability to keep going despite difficulties
I You will listen to the passage about Evelyn Glennie’s journey in overcoming her hearing loss through music and turning a physical disability into a success story. After listening, match the words given in Column 1 with their meanings given in Column 2. 5. gradual
(iii) slow and steady over time
II Listen to the passage once again and state whether the statements given below are true or false. 1. Evelyn Glennie became deaf suddenly.
False. Her hearing loss was gradual.
II Listen to the passage once again and state whether the statements given below are true or false. 2. Her headmistress ignored the signs of her hearing loss.
False. Her headmistress urged her parents to take her to a specialist.
II Listen to the passage once again and state whether the statements given below are true or false. 3. Ron Forbes was a percussionist who helped Evelyn.
True.
II Listen to the passage once again and state whether the statements given below are true or false. 4. Evelyn used her skin and bones to sense music.
True. She felt vibrations through skin, cheekbones and hair.
II Listen to the passage once again and state whether the statements given below are true or false. 5. She gave up on music after her diagnosis.
False. She was determined to lead a normal life and pursue music.
III Answer the following questions in one or two words. 1. How did Evelyn turn her disability into strength?
Through determination and sensing vibrations.
III Answer the following questions in one or two words. 2. What role did Ron Forbes play in her life?
Mentor who taught her to sense music differently.
III Answer the following questions in one or two words. 3. What lessons can we learn from Evelyn’s story about how to treat others who have different abilities or challenges?
Be encouraging, inclusive and never discourage; recognize potential.
Let us speak
I Read the highlighted word in the following sentence from the text. That common good will present itself to you in many forms every day. Now, read aloud the given words with the correct syllable stress according to the part of speech given in the brackets. PROduce (noun) proDUCE (verb) conTRACT (verb) CONtract (noun) PROject (noun) proJECT (verb) conTENT (verb) CONtent (noun) REfuse (noun) reFUSE (verb)
Produce (noun) PRO-duce, produce (verb) pro-DUCE; contract (verb) con-TRACT, contract (noun) CON-tract; project (noun) PRO-ject, project (verb) pro-JECT; content (verb/noun similar but stress shifts). Practice stressing the capitalized syllable.
II Read the highlighted words in the following sentence from the text. …but it becomes a possession that can be treasured and re-read over the years, with great, abiding pleasure. Now, read aloud the words given below with the ‘shuh’ or ‘zhuh’ sound. measure leisure reassure enclosure exposure ensure seizure fissure composure unsure
Zhuh sound: measure, leisure, exposure, seizure; Shuh sound: pressure, fissure, enclosure, composure, reassure, ensure, unsure. Practice saying leisure as leih-zhuh.
III Pausing and chunking are techniques used when speaking, to organise information for the listener. 1. Read aloud the following lines from the poem. Don’t Quit... 2. Chunk the stanzas with (/) or (//) and read it aloud. Life is queer with its twists and turns...
Chunked version uses short pause / and long pause // to help listener follow. For example: Life is queer / with its twists and turns // As everyone of us / sometimes learns // Don't give up / though the pace seems slow // you may succeed / with another blow // Effect is clearer and more expressive.
Let us write
I Write a letter to your grandparents thanking them for the valuable lessons they have taught you. Include how their wisdom has shaped your values and behaviour in life.
Dear Grandparents, Thank you for your love and wisdom. You taught me honesty, hard work and kindness through your stories and actions. Your advice to respect elders and help neighbours has shaped my behaviour. I promise to live by these values and make you proud. With love, Your grandchild
Let us explore
I The White Revolution led to a increase in milk production in India primarily due to the efforts of Dr. Verghese Kurien. Therefore, he is known as ‘the Milkman of India’. The Green Revolution in India introduced high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice. It was initiated by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan. The Blue Revolution focused on increasing fisheries production and productivity in India. This initiative was led by Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri. In groups of four, research more information about these revolutions. Share your findings with your classmates and teacher.
White Revolution made India world's largest milk producer via Operation Flood. Green Revolution made India self-sufficient in food grains. Blue Revolution boosted fish production and aquaculture. Together they ensured food and nutritional security.
II Vocational training for people in rural regions is provided by the Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS), under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of India. The objective of JSS is to economically uplift the rural population by imparting essential skill-based training. This enables local trades to grow and creates new opportunities for the people in the region. Find out more about JSS with the help of the link given below.
JSS offers low-cost vocational courses like tailoring, handicrafts, computer skills and agriculture to rural youth, especially women, helping them get employment and start small businesses.
III Financial Literacy Read the passage and discuss the questions given below. 1. The importance of learning about money and saving from a young age. Share one example of it. 2. Imagine you received some money as a gift. How would you decide whether to save it, spend it, or invest it? What factors would you consider? 3. If you were in charge of planning a small event at school with a limited budget, how would you manage the money? 4. Why is financial literacy important for everyone?
1. Saving early builds responsible habits; e.g., saving pocket money for books. 2. I would save part, spend part on needs and invest if I want growth, considering need, price comparison and future goals. 3. I would make a budget list, prioritize essentials, compare prices and track expenses. 4. Financial literacy helps manage money wisely, avoid debt and secure future.