Science and Curiosity — Class 8 English
Poorvi · Chapter 5
Visual story
Watch as story →CBSE Class 8 community
View all
6- Mathematics
- Science
- + 3 more
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
2- Mathematics
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Chapter summary
Key ideas & terms
- “Feathered Friend”
- A science-fiction story by Arthur C. Clarke set on a space station, where a canary warns the crew of bad air.
- Claribel
- The small yellow canary whose collapse acts as an early warning of a failing air supply, saving the crew.
- Sven Olsen
- The construction worker who brings Claribel aboard the space station and cares for her.
- Canary in a coal mine
- The old miners’ practice of using canaries to detect poisonous gas; the key idea that solves the story’s crisis.
- “Magnifying Glass” (poem)
- A poem about looking closely at small things and discovering the hidden wonders of the natural world.
- Scientific curiosity
- The habit of observing, questioning and reasoning that runs through the whole unit.
Extra questions & answers
Where is the story “Feathered Friend” set?
On a space station that is being built in orbit, among its construction crew.
Who brought the canary aboard, and what was she called?
Sven Olsen, a construction worker, brought a small yellow canary named Claribel.
How did Claribel adapt to life in space?
She thrived in zero gravity, grew fat and entertained the crew with her cheerful trills, including “Come to the cookhouse, boys”.
What alarmed the crew one morning?
Claribel was found collapsed with her claws in the air, seemingly dead, and fainted again even after recovering.
How did the narrator work out what was wrong?
He remembered that miners carried canaries to warn of gas, and realised something was wrong with the station’s air.
Why had the air problem not triggered an alarm?
The station’s second, backup alarm circuit had not yet been connected, so the danger went undetected.
How did the canary end up saving the crew?
Her collapse warned the crew of the failing air supply in time for them to use oxygen and fix the fault.
What real-world idea does the story rely on?
The historical use of canaries in coal mines as living detectors of poisonous, odourless gases.
What is the poem “Magnifying Glass” about?
It describes the wonder of looking closely at tiny things and seeing the hidden beauty and detail of the world.
What is the overall message of Unit 5?
Curiosity, careful observation and knowledge of science—even small facts from the past—can solve problems and save lives.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I Work in pairs and discuss the questions given below. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 1. Who can a ‘feathered’ friend be?
A ‘feathered’ friend can be any bird that has feathers, such as a parrot, pigeon, sparrow, crow, peacock or canary. In the story it is Claribel the canary.
I Work in pairs and discuss the questions given below. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 2. Which ‘feathered’ friend do you like? Why?
Students may name any bird they like. For example, one may like a parrot because it is colourful and can mimic sounds, or a peacock for its beauty. The answer should give a personal preference with a reason.
I Work in pairs and discuss the questions given below. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 3. If you have a choice between a ‘feathered’ and a ‘furry’ friend, who would you choose? Why?
The choice is personal. A feathered friend needs a cage and eats seeds and can sing, while a furry friend like a cat or dog is cuddly and playful but needs more care. The student should justify the choice with reasons like space, care, or companionship.
I Work in pairs and discuss the questions given below. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 4. Do you think a ‘feathered’ or a ‘furry’ friend can accompany astronauts to space? If yes, why? If no, why not?
Both could face problems in zero gravity, but a small lightweight bird like a canary needs very little food, weighs almost nothing and can still use its wings, as shown by Claribel. Furry animals are heavier, need more food and oxygen and may be more stressed by weightlessness, so a small feathered pet is more practical for a space station.
II Complete the words given below by inserting vowels. Refer to their meanings given alongside. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 1. official rule that controls how something is done: R _ G _ L _ T _ _ N
REGULATION
II Complete the words given below by inserting vowels. Refer to their meanings given alongside. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 2. to not allow something: F _ R B _ D
FORBID
II Complete the words given below by inserting vowels. Refer to their meanings given alongside. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 3. join or blend to form a single entity: F _ S _
FUSE
II Complete the words given below by inserting vowels. Refer to their meanings given alongside. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 4. suddenly: _ B R _ P T L Y
ABRUPTLY
II Complete the words given below by inserting vowels. Refer to their meanings given alongside. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 5. admit one’s mistake: C _ N F _ S S
CONFESS
II Complete the words given below by inserting vowels. Refer to their meanings given alongside. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 6. a person who advises what to eat to keep healthy: D_ _ T _ T _ _ N
DIETITIAN
Let us discuss
I Answer the following questions briefly. 1. Why did the narrator think Sven had sneaked a bird aboard? What was Sven’s scientific reason?
No regulation forbade pets on the station, but no one expected a bird there. The narrator realised Sven had smuggled Claribel aboard when he heard her musical whistle in his office. Sven later said he did it partly out of scientific curiosity to see how a bird would fly and function when it had no weight but could still use its wings.
I Answer the following questions briefly. 2. How did Claribel adjust to the new surroundings?
Claribel adjusted very well. She hung motionless in the air like a hummingbird with wings folded, learned to move in zero gravity without wasted effort, could do backward loops, and thrived and grew fat. She was not worried by the absence of gravity.
I Answer the following questions briefly. 3. What made the narrator mistake the musical whistle for a sound from the intercom?
The narrator was busy checking technical stores in his small cubbyhole office. When he heard a clear musical whistle near his ear he assumed it was an announcement coming over the station intercom and waited for a message to follow, before seeing the bird.
I Answer the following questions briefly. 4. Do you think the presence of the canary would lead the spacers into trouble? If yes, why? If no, why not?
Yes, it could have led to trouble because pets were not officially allowed and VIP visitors might have discovered her, and her chirps from ventilating shafts could expose the secret. No trouble actually occurred except narrow escapes, and later the canary saved them, so her presence became a benefit. Both viewpoints are acceptable if justified.
Let us discuss
I Identify whether the following statements from parts I and II are true or false. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 1. The alarm at the space station failed to work properly because they were not connected.
True. The duplicate alarm system was not fully connected – the second circuit was not yet connected, and the single connected alarm failed to go off when the air purifier froze.
I Identify whether the following statements from parts I and II are true or false. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 2. Claribel was brought to the space station for an official experiment on animal behaviour in space.
False. Claribel was smuggled by Sven on the ferry from Earth out of personal interest and scientific curiosity, not as an official experiment.
I Identify whether the following statements from parts I and II are true or false. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 3. The canary’s suffering helped the crew discover a problem with the air purifier.
True. Claribel fainted due to bad air, which alerted the narrator to the gas problem and led to discovery that part of the air purifier had frozen.
I Identify whether the following statements from parts I and II are true or false. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 4. The air purifier froze because there was a rare eclipse.
True. A rare eclipse by Earth's shadow caused part of the purifier to freeze up, cutting oxygen supply.
I Identify whether the following statements from parts I and II are true or false. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 5. Claribel could fly gracefully in the space station, performing loops in the air.
True. She performed a curious backward loop and moved with leisurely flicks, showing she had mastered flight in zero gravity.
I Identify whether the following statements from parts I and II are true or false. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 6. The space station crew was uninterested in Claribel and hardly noticed her presence after she was discovered.
False. After her ownership was known she became a general pet; the crew hid her from VIPs, enjoyed her songs, and was distressed when she fainted.
I Identify whether the following statements from parts I and II are true or false. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 7. Claribel had fainted and had to be revived with oxygen supply.
True. She collapsed with clenched claws and was revived when placed in an oxygen face mask, then fainted again before the air problem was solved.
Let us think and reflect
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. Sven was one of our best construction men, and excelled at the tricky and specialised work of collecting assorted girders as they floated around in free fall, making them do the slow-motion, three-dimensional ballet that would get them into their right positions, and fusing the pieces together when they were precisely dovetailed into the intended pattern: it was a skilled and difficult job, for a space suit is not the most convenient of garbs in which to work. (i) What can be inferred about Sven’s abilities from his job description? A. He is good at following instructions but lacks creativity. B. He possesses a strong understanding of working in space. C. He struggles with the complexities of construction in space. D. He prefers working on simpler tasks rather than complex jobs.
B. He possesses a strong understanding of working in space. He excels at tricky, specialised construction in free fall and can manipulate floating girders with precision.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. Sven was one of our best construction men, and excelled at the tricky and specialised work of collecting assorted girders as they floated around in free fall, making them do the slow-motion, three-dimensional ballet that would get them into their right positions, and fusing the pieces together when they were precisely dovetailed into the intended pattern: it was a skilled and difficult job, for a space suit is not the most convenient of garbs in which to work. (ii) How can we conclude that Sven was working in zero gravity?
The extract says girders floated around in free fall, did a slow-motion three-dimensional ballet, and the crew could step back and admire work without being pulled by gravity. These details show work in zero gravity.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. Sven was one of our best construction men, and excelled at the tricky and specialised work of collecting assorted girders as they floated around in free fall, making them do the slow-motion, three-dimensional ballet that would get them into their right positions, and fusing the pieces together when they were precisely dovetailed into the intended pattern: it was a skilled and difficult job, for a space suit is not the most convenient of garbs in which to work. (iii) Select the option that is correct for both Assertion (A) and Reason (R). (A): Sven’s job required him to make girders perform a ‘three-dimensional ballet’ in space. (R): Working in zero gravity allows objects to float, making precise positioning more challenging. A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). C. (A) is true, but (R) is false. D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). The ballet metaphor describes controlled positioning of floating girders, which is difficult because they float freely in zero gravity.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. Sven was one of our best construction men, and excelled at the tricky and specialised work of collecting assorted girders as they floated around in free fall, making them do the slow-motion, three-dimensional ballet that would get them into their right positions, and fusing the pieces together when they were precisely dovetailed into the intended pattern: it was a skilled and difficult job, for a space suit is not the most convenient of garbs in which to work. (iv) Replace the underlined word with a word similar in meaning from the extract. During the festival, people wore colourful outfits that represented their culture.
garbs. The sentence becomes: During the festival, people wore colourful garbs that represented their culture.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. “Jim!” There’s something wrong with the air! That’s why Claribel’s passed out. I’ve just remembered that miners used to carry canaries down to warn them of gas.” “Nonsense!” said Jim. “The alarms would have gone off. We’ve got duplicate circuits, operating independently.” “Er—the second alarm circuit isn’t connected up yet,” his assistant reminded him. That shook Jim; he left without a word, while we stood arguing and passing the oxygen bottle around like a pipe of peace. (i) Fill in the blank by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. The narrator references canaries and miners in order to __________. (highlight the historical use of canaries as warning systems/explain the reason that caused Claribel to faint suddenly)
explain the reason that caused Claribel to faint suddenly. He remembers that canaries were used to warn miners of poisonous gas, so her collapse indicates bad air.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. “Jim!” There’s something wrong with the air! That’s why Claribel’s passed out. I’ve just remembered that miners used to carry canaries down to warn them of gas.” “Nonsense!” said Jim. “The alarms would have gone off. We’ve got duplicate circuits, operating independently.” “Er—the second alarm circuit isn’t connected up yet,” his assistant reminded him. That shook Jim; he left without a word, while we stood arguing and passing the oxygen bottle around like a pipe of peace. (ii) Complete the following sentence with a suitable reason. Jim initially dismisses the warning about the air because __________.
Jim initially dismisses the warning because he trusts the station's duplicate independent alarm circuits and believes they would have already gone off if there were really an air problem.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. “Jim!” There’s something wrong with the air! That’s why Claribel’s passed out. I’ve just remembered that miners used to carry canaries down to warn them of gas.” “Nonsense!” said Jim. “The alarms would have gone off. We’ve got duplicate circuits, operating independently.” “Er—the second alarm circuit isn’t connected up yet,” his assistant reminded him. That shook Jim; he left without a word, while we stood arguing and passing the oxygen bottle around like a pipe of peace. (iii) What does the phrase ‘shook Jim’ mean in the context of the information in the extract? Jim was _________. A. physically pushed by someone B. startled by unexpected information C. cold and needed to warm up D. trying to shake off sleepiness
B. startled by unexpected information. He is shocked to learn the backup alarm was not connected and his confidence was misplaced.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. “Jim!” There’s something wrong with the air! That’s why Claribel’s passed out. I’ve just remembered that miners used to carry canaries down to warn them of gas.” “Nonsense!” said Jim. “The alarms would have gone off. We’ve got duplicate circuits, operating independently.” “Er—the second alarm circuit isn’t connected up yet,” his assistant reminded him. That shook Jim; he left without a word, while we stood arguing and passing the oxygen bottle around like a pipe of peace. (iv) What does the crew’s action of passing the oxygen bottle around ‘like a pipe of peace’ suggest about their response to the situation?
It suggests they were anxious, sharing the limited oxygen while arguing calmly to stay alive, and finding comfort and solidarity by passing the bottle around together like friends sharing a peace pipe, rather than panicking.
II Answer the following questions. 1. What was the purpose of the alarm? What had caused its failure?
The alarm was to warn the crew if the air became unsafe or oxygen dropped. It failed because only one circuit was connected; the duplicate backup circuit was not yet connected and that single alarm failed to trigger when part of the air purifier froze during a rare eclipse by Earth's shadow.
II Answer the following questions. 2. How does the crew’s reaction to Claribel change over the course of the story?
At first the crew is surprised by the mysterious whistle and then amused. Once Sven confesses, Claribel becomes a general beloved pet whom they hide and protect. When she collapses they are distressed and try to save her, and finally they recognise her value and decide to keep canaries deliberately as double safeguarding.
II Answer the following questions. 3. What does the last part of the story tell us about the significance of unusual ways of problem solving?
It shows that low-tech, simple natural indicators can succeed where half a million dollars of chemical and electronic engineering failed. Unusual, traditional wisdom – like miners' canaries – can be an inexpensive and reliable backup and should not be dismissed.
II Answer the following questions. 4. Justify the appropriateness of the title of the story.
The title Feathered Friend is appropriate because the central character is Claribel, a small yellow feathered canary who becomes the crew's friend. Though tiny and unofficial, this feathered friend saves all their lives by acting as an early warning, proving true friendship and importance.
II Answer the following questions. 5. ‘Without Claribel, we should soon have been slightly dead.’ What does this line suggest about uncertainty of life in space?
It suggests life in space is very fragile and dependent on perfect life-support. A small unseen failure can quickly become fatal, and even with advanced technology death can be near. The humorous understatement 'slightly dead' shows how casually astronauts face constant danger.
II Answer the following questions. 6. Explain how has the writer presented science fiction with a touch of humour.
Arthur C. Clarke mixes accurate science – zero gravity, girders floating, need for air purifiers and alarms – with gentle humour: calling the office a laughable cubbyhole, describing girders doing ballet, Sven qualifying for weight bonus, passing oxygen like a pipe of peace, and the phrase slightly dead, making serious survival suspense light and enjoyable.
II Answer the following questions. 7. How would Sven reflect on his experience of almost losing Claribel and for saving the lives of the entire crew?
Sven would feel guilty for endangering Claribel by bringing her secretly, relieved and grateful she survived, and proud that his curiosity-driven pet saved everyone. He would likely feel vindicated that his sensible choice of a light, low-maintenance bird was wise, and more responsible about caring for her as a valued crew member.
Let us learn
I Choose the appropriate adjectives from the box given below to match with the words 1–8 that follow. nagging vague delighted narrow sluggish hushed inexplicable sheepish 1. ________________ path
narrow path
I Choose the appropriate adjectives from the box given below to match with the words 1–8 that follow. 2. ________________ worry
nagging worry
I Choose the appropriate adjectives from the box given below to match with the words 1–8 that follow. 3. ________________ plan
vague plan
I Choose the appropriate adjectives from the box given below to match with the words 1–8 that follow. 4. ________________ look
delighted look
I Choose the appropriate adjectives from the box given below to match with the words 1–8 that follow. 5. ________________ reason
inexplicable reason
I Choose the appropriate adjectives from the box given below to match with the words 1–8 that follow. 6. ________________ traffic
sluggish traffic
I Choose the appropriate adjectives from the box given below to match with the words 1–8 that follow. 7. ________________ voices
hushed voices
I Choose the appropriate adjectives from the box given below to match with the words 1–8 that follow. 8. _______________ expression
sheepish expression
II The word ‘intercom’ is used in the text. It is called a merged word as it is made by combining the parts of two words—‘internal’ and ‘communication’. Merged words are made by combining two words. Combine the words in Column 1 with the words in Column 2 to make merged words. Write the merged word and its meaning. One example has been done for you. Column 1 breakfast Column 2 lunch (i) brunch meal eaten between breakfast and lunch hours motor hotel (ii)
motel - a hotel designed for motorists where rooms are accessible from the parking area
II Combine the words in Column 1 with the words in Column 2 to make merged words. smoke fog (iii)
smog - fog mixed with smoke, a type of air pollution
II Combine the words in Column 1 with the words in Column 2 to make merged words. situation comedy (iv)
sitcom - a situation comedy, a humorous television series
II Combine the words in Column 1 with the words in Column 2 to make merged words. video log (v)
vlog - a video log, a blog in video form
II Combine the words in Column 1 with the words in Column 2 to make merged words. spoon fork (vi)
spork - a combined spoon and fork utensil
II Combine the words in Column 1 with the words in Column 2 to make merged words. web seminar (vii)
webinar - a seminar conducted over the internet
III Read the following sentence from the text and fill in the blank. It will mean that you’re being doubly safeguarded. In the given sentence, ‘will’ denotes __________ (past/present/future) time.
future time
IV Fill in the blanks with the correct form (Simple Present, Present Progressive, ‘will’, or ‘going to’) to indicate future time. 1. Our flight __________ (leave) at 10.00 a.m. tomorrow.
leaves - simple present used for scheduled future event
IV Fill in the blanks with the correct form (Simple Present, Present Progressive, ‘will’, or ‘going to’) to indicate future time. 2. They __________ (finish) the project by the end of this week.
will have finished / will finish - future completion by end of week
IV Fill in the blanks with the correct form (Simple Present, Present Progressive, ‘will’, or ‘going to’) to indicate future time. 3. The weather forecast says it __________ (rain) later today.
will rain / is going to rain
IV Fill in the blanks with the correct form (Simple Present, Present Progressive, ‘will’, or ‘going to’) to indicate future time. 4. We __________ (move) into our new house next month.
are moving / are going to move
IV Fill in the blanks with the correct form (Simple Present, Present Progressive, ‘will’, or ‘going to’) to indicate future time. 5. I __________ (start) my new hobby class next Monday.
am starting / will start - Monday is a fixed plan, present progressive appropriate
IV Fill in the blanks with the correct form (Simple Present, Present Progressive, ‘will’, or ‘going to’) to indicate future time. 6. She __________ (go) to the mall this afternoon.
is going to go / is going
IV Fill in the blanks with the correct form (Simple Present, Present Progressive, ‘will’, or ‘going to’) to indicate future time. 7. The team __________ (have) a meeting at 3.00 p.m. tomorrow.
is having / will have - scheduled, but 'has' in simple present for timetable: The team has a meeting at 3.00 p.m. tomorrow
IV Fill in the blanks with the correct form (Simple Present, Present Progressive, ‘will’, or ‘going to’) to indicate future time. 8. I __________ (help) you with your homework after dinner.
will help
V Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of verbs given in brackets to express future time reference. By 2040, artificial intelligence 1. ________ (revolutionise) medical treatments.
will have revolutionised
V Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of verbs given in brackets to express future time reference. Researchers 2.________ (develop) AI-powered diagnostic tools that 3. ________ (transform) healthcare by the end of this decade.
will have developed and will have transformed / are developing and will transform
V Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of verbs given in brackets to express future time reference. Next week, the International Science Congress 4. _______ (open) to showcase advancements in AI and robotics.
is opening / will open / opens
V Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of verbs given in brackets to express future time reference. In the coming years, robots 5. _______ (assist) surgeons in performing complex operations.
will assist / are going to assist
V Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of verbs given in brackets to express future time reference. Years ago, experts had predicted that AI would reshape our world, and now, as we approach the future, this 6. _______ (be) our new reality.
is / will be
Let us listen
I You will listen to a conversation between Monika and Toby. Toby is a Martian and is stranded on Earth. He has become Monika’s friend. As you listen, put a tick mark against the correct statements and a cross against the wrong ones. 1. Toby misses his school.
Cross - False. Toby says he misses his people and home, not specifically school.
I You will listen to a conversation between Monika and Toby. Toby is a Martian and is stranded on Earth. He has become Monika’s friend. As you listen, put a tick mark against the correct statements and a cross against the wrong ones. 2. Monika accepts Toby as her friend.
Tick - True. Monika says she is happy to have Toby as her friend.
I You will listen to a conversation between Monika and Toby. Toby is a Martian and is stranded on Earth. He has become Monika’s friend. As you listen, put a tick mark against the correct statements and a cross against the wrong ones. 3. Monika asks Toby about one of his facial features.
Tick - True. She asks how he can see with only one eye in the centre of his face.
I You will listen to a conversation between Monika and Toby. Toby is a Martian and is stranded on Earth. He has become Monika’s friend. As you listen, put a tick mark against the correct statements and a cross against the wrong ones. 4. Toby tells Monika that she had a banana for breakfast.
Cross - False. Toby correctly says she had an apple for breakfast, not a banana.
I You will listen to a conversation between Monika and Toby. Toby is a Martian and is stranded on Earth. He has become Monika’s friend. As you listen, put a tick mark against the correct statements and a cross against the wrong ones. 5. Toby shares that he can see much clearer with a closed eye.
Tick - True. He says he can see even with his eye closed, beyond mountains, clouds, wood and metals.
II Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear. 1. Toby: I miss my _________________ and home.
people
II Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear. 2. Toby: Well, we _________________ don’t need to eat anything. We get our _________________ from the Sun.
Martians, energy
II Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear. 3. Monika: Oh! Don’t you ever feel like having ice-creams and _________________!
chocolates
II Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear. 4. Monika: Okay, tell me one thing. How are you able to see only with _________________ eye?
one
II Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear. 5. Toby: I can see beyond mountains and _________________, woods and even ____________.
clouds, metals
Let us speak
I Read the following words from the text aloud and circle the letters that are not pronounced (silent letters). ballet (ba-lay) [ba pronounced as in bat] whistle (wi-sl) alarm (uh-laam) psychologist (sai-ko-luh-juhst) Now, read some more words with silent letters. As you read, circle the letters that are not pronounced. receipt debris pneumonia almond foreign island wreck aisle campaign fasten
Silent letters are: receipt - p, debris - s, pneumonia - p, almond - l, foreign - g, island - s, wreck - w, aisle - s, campaign - g and n is silent pattern, fasten - t. Students should circle these letters while reading aloud.
II Work in pairs. Use the given situations to ask for and give suggestions. • You need to make a model of the solar system for the Science Exhibition but don’t know what materials to use. Ask your friend for suggestions. • You need to prepare for the inter-class quiz on the topic Chandrayaan-3. Ask your friend for advice on how to prepare. You may use the prompts given below. Asking for Advice: What should I do… ? How can I… ? etc. Giving Advice: I feel you should… etc.
Sample dialogue 1: A: What should I do to make a solar system model? B: I feel you should use thermocol balls of different sizes for planets, paint them, and use wire rings for orbits. It is best to use LED lights for the Sun. Sample dialogue 2: A: How can I prepare for the Chandrayaan-3 quiz? B: You should ensure you read ISRO's official pages, watch launch videos, and note dates, payloads and findings. It's good to prepare yourself with a daily revision plan.
Let us write
I Complete the social media web given below with the uses of the internet. Now, write an article titled ‘The Importance of Internet’ with the help of the social media web. Points to remember: Heading/Title Name of the writer Paragraph 1: Give a general introduction to the topic. Paragraph 2: Explain the uses of the internet and why it is important. Give examples to support your view. Paragraph 3: End with a comment and leave the reader with a thoughtful idea or quote.
The Importance of Internet - By XYZ, Class 8. Paragraph 1: The Internet has become the backbone of modern life, connecting people, ideas and knowledge across the globe instantly. Paragraph 2: It helps in education through online classes and research, in communication via email and video calls, in entertainment, banking, health information, and shopping. For example, students can attend virtual labs and farmers can check weather forecasts. Paragraph 3: Used wisely, the Internet is a powerful force for progress, but it must be used responsibly. As Miller said, The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village.
II Astronauts living in space stations have to do things differently. Read how they manage the routine tasks in the absence of gravity. You may find out more information about it from the internet. 1. Write: Astronauts use a special Space Pen... 2. Exercise: Astronauts use resistance exercise... 3. Eat: Astronauts eat preserved foods... 4. Sleep: Astronauts can sleep on a floor, wall, or ceiling...
This is an informational reading activity. Students should note that in zero gravity writing needs pressurized ink, exercise needs straps and vacuum cylinders to avoid muscle loss, food must be dried or vacuum-packed to avoid crumbs, and sleeping needs restraints in bags. For the writing task they can summarize these adaptations in their own words.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I Work in pairs. Answer the questions that follow the pictures given below. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 1. What is common in all these pictures?
All pictures show people or illustrations using a magnifying glass or lens to enlarge and observe small objects.
I Work in pairs. Answer the questions that follow the pictures given below. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 2. Select the pictures you are familiar with.
Open response. Students may mention familiar pictures like a detective with a magnifier, a child examining a leaf, or a scientist with a lens.
I Work in pairs. Answer the questions that follow the pictures given below. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 3. Why do you think the people in the pictures need to use a magnifying glass?
They need to see tiny details that are not visible to the naked eye, such as small print, insects, or textures, more clearly.
I Work in pairs. Answer the questions that follow the pictures given below. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 4. What other instruments magnify objects?
Other instruments are microscopes, telescopes, hand lenses, spectacles, binoculars and magnifying spectacles.
II If you have a magnifying glass, what would you like to use it for and why? Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
Open response. For example: I would use it to observe the veins of a leaf, the legs of an ant, or small print in books because I am curious to see hidden patterns.
Let us discuss
I Complete the summary of the poem given below with suitable words from the poem. The poem describes the magic of seeing the world through a 1. __________. It reveals how tiny things like 2. __________ and 3. __________ can appear vast and complex. Even a 4. __________ of water can seem like a hive of 5. __________. The poet is impressed at how the spider spins its 6. __________ from its 7. __________. The poem ends with the idea that, through lenses, the 8. __________ could seem within reach.
1. glass 2. shells 3. chalk / moss 4. drop 5. bees 6. web-silk / web 7. spinnerets 8. moon. In order: glass, shells, chalk, drop, bees, web-silk, spinnerets, moon. Note that 2 and 3 can be chalk and moss in any order.
II Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer from the brackets. 1. The main idea of the poem is the transformative power of __________ (wonders in nature/close observation) through the magnifying glass.
close observation
II Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer from the brackets. 2. The tone of the poem is __________ . (wonder and curiosity/peaceful and emotional)
wonder and curiosity
II Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer from the brackets. 3. The poem has __________ stanzas with __________ lines in each stanza. Hence, it is a quatrain. (four; six/six; four)
six; four — the poem has six stanzas with four lines in each stanza; a four-line stanza is called a quatrain.
II Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer from the brackets. 4. The rhyme scheme of the poem is __________. (ABCD; ABCB)
ABCB
III Pick examples from the poem for the following poetic devices. 1. Simile
Like hive of bees - direct simile using like
III Pick examples from the poem for the following poetic devices. 2. Alliteration
Examples: woven web-silk, silly flies stumble, make more marvellous. Any alliterative phrase with repeated consonant sounds.
III Pick examples from the poem for the following poetic devices. 3. Metaphor
A drop of water like hive of bees is simile, but metaphor includes A forest—flowers and trees for an inch of moss, or Magic talk for the glass, implying the glass speaks magic.
IV The poem is rich in visual imagery, painting vivid pictures of small, everyday things magnified into something grand. 1. In the line, ‘A myriad shells show in a scrap of chalk’, the magnifying glass reveals ______________________.
countless tiny shell fossils and intricate patterns hidden inside an ordinary piece of chalk
IV The poem is rich in visual imagery, painting vivid pictures of small, everyday things magnified into something grand. 2. In the line, ‘A forest—flowers and trees’ the poet uses the imagery of nature to emphasise ______________________.
how a tiny inch of moss when magnified looks like a vast forest with its own flowers and trees, showing hidden grandeur in small things
V Complete the following sentences with a reason. 1. The poet uses exclamation marks in lines, ‘The tigerish claws he has!’, ‘With all those eyes!’ and ‘In an afternoon!’ because it ______________________.
expresses wonder, excitement and amazement at the startling details revealed by magnification
V Complete the following sentences with a reason. 2. In the phrase, ‘Magic talk’ the poet uses personification to describe the magnifying glass because it ______________________.
makes the glass seem alive, as if it speaks and reveals magical secrets hidden from normal sight
V Complete the following sentences with a reason. 3. Each stanza follows a repetitive pattern of introducing a small or ordinary object and then describing the extraordinary details revealed through magnification. This is because it supports the theme of __________ as the speaker reveals ____________.
wonder of close observation / curiosity; how ordinary objects contain extraordinary beauty when seen closely
V Complete the following sentences with a reason. 4. In the final stanza the poet shifts from small, everyday objects being magnified to a celestial body like moon because __________.
to show that lenses can also make the distant seem near, connecting micro-wonder to macro-wonder and suggesting that with the right lens even the moon feels reachable
Let us think and reflect
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. With this round glass I can make Magic talk— A myriad shells show In a scrap of chalk; Of but an inch of moss A forest—flowers and trees; (i) Identify whether the following statement is true or false. The poet uses his magical powers to make the round glass powerful.
False. The poet has no magical powers; the round magnifying glass itself reveals magic by magnifying hidden details.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. With this round glass I can make Magic talk— A myriad shells show In a scrap of chalk; Of but an inch of moss A forest—flowers and trees; (ii) Select the line from the extract that expresses the presence of intricate patterns in ordinary objects.
A myriad shells show In a scrap of chalk
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. With this round glass I can make Magic talk— A myriad shells show In a scrap of chalk; Of but an inch of moss A forest—flowers and trees; (iii) What does the comparison of ‘an inch of moss’ to a ‘forest’ suggest about the speaker’s view of the world through the magnifying glass?
It suggests the speaker sees miniature worlds as vast and complex, feeling that magnified small nature contains the richness of a whole forest, inspiring awe.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. With this round glass I can make Magic talk— A myriad shells show In a scrap of chalk; Of but an inch of moss A forest—flowers and trees; (iv) How does the poet feel about the ability of the magnifying glass to reveal hidden wonders? A. Satisfied B. Fascinated C. Grateful D. Determined
B. Fascinated
II Answer the following questions. 1. What is the significance of the spider in the poem?
The spider shows the marvel of nature’s craftsmanship hidden to the eye. Through the glass its spinnerets, tigerish claws and web become visible, revealing skill and danger in a tiny creature and highlighting wonder in everyday life.
II Answer the following questions. 2. How might the speaker’s view of the natural world change if there was no use of a magnifying glass?
Without the glass, the world would seem plain and small. Details like shell fossils, moss forests and spider webs would remain unseen, and the speaker would miss the hidden beauty and complexity of tiny things.
II Answer the following questions. 3. Why does the poem end with the idea of the moon being within reach?
To extend the theme from micro to macro. Just as a hand lens brings tiny objects near, a telescope lens can bring the far moon close, suggesting that lenses erase distance and that curiosity can make the universe accessible.
II Answer the following questions. 4. What is the speaker’s attitude towards nature and the act of observation?
The speaker is curious, reverent and wonder-filled. He values patient, close observation as a way to discover marvels in the smallest creations and respects nature’s intricacy.
II Answer the following questions. 5. Which is your favourite part of the poem? Why?
Open answer. For example, the spider stanza is favoured because it vividly shows predator and prey in magnified detail, creating excitement and empathy.
Let us learn
I Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the words given in the box below. woven myriad deft stumble surpass marvellous With his 1. ____________ description, the author has written the story beautifully 2. ____________with fascinating details. When you read the story, you will surely enjoy the 3. ____________storytelling technique that attracts all kinds of readers. What makes the story interesting is the superb way of describing the 4. ____________emotions and feelings of the characters. The reader will 5. ____________upon the unexpected twists and turns that 6. ____________ all our understanding and make us wonder at the narrative power of the author.
1. marvellous 2. woven 3. deft 4. myriad 5. stumble 6. surpass
II The collective noun ‘a hive of bees’, is used in the poem. Match the phrases in Column 1 with suitable words in Column 2 to make collective nouns. Column 1 a swarm of (i) ships
a swarm of locusts / bees - but from table, correct match is a swarm of locusts
II The collective noun ‘a hive of bees’, is used in the poem. Match the phrases in Column 1 with suitable words in Column 2 to make collective nouns. 2. a constellation of (ii) soldiers
a constellation of stars
II The collective noun ‘a hive of bees’, is used in the poem. Match the phrases in Column 1 with suitable words in Column 2 to make collective nouns. 3. a grove of (iii) dancers
a grove of trees
II The collective noun ‘a hive of bees’, is used in the poem. Match the phrases in Column 1 with suitable words in Column 2 to make collective nouns. 4. a troupe of (iv) locusts
a troupe of dancers
II The collective noun ‘a hive of bees’, is used in the poem. Match the phrases in Column 1 with suitable words in Column 2 to make collective nouns. 5. a battalion of (v) trees
a battalion of soldiers
II The collective noun ‘a hive of bees’, is used in the poem. Match the phrases in Column 1 with suitable words in Column 2 to make collective nouns. 6. a fleet of (vi) stars
a fleet of ships
III The poet uses the expression ‘eyeing the moon’ in the poem. Match the idiomatic expressions with ‘eye’ given in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. You may refer to a dictionary. Column 1 1. apple of one’s eye (i) watch something or someone closely
apple of one's eye - a person who is very precious or important
III The poet uses the expression ‘eyeing the moon’ in the poem. Match the idiomatic expressions with ‘eye’ given in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. 2. in the blink of an eye (ii) act as if you do not see or notice
in the blink of an eye - something that happens very quickly
III The poet uses the expression ‘eyeing the moon’ in the poem. Match the idiomatic expressions with ‘eye’ given in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. 3. keep an eye on something or somebody (iii) something that happens very quickly
keep an eye on something or somebody - watch something or someone closely
III The poet uses the expression ‘eyeing the moon’ in the poem. Match the idiomatic expressions with ‘eye’ given in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. 4. turn a blind eye (iv) an overall look at something
turn a blind eye - act as if you do not see or notice
III The poet uses the expression ‘eyeing the moon’ in the poem. Match the idiomatic expressions with ‘eye’ given in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. 5. see eye to eye (v) a person who is very precious or important
see eye to eye - agree with each other
III The poet uses the expression ‘eyeing the moon’ in the poem. Match the idiomatic expressions with ‘eye’ given in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. 6. bird’s-eye view (vi) agree with each other
bird's-eye view - an overall look at something
IV The poet uses the adjective form ‘tigerish’ in the poem by adding the suffix -‘ish’ to the noun ‘tiger’. In the same way, we can make adjectives by adding the suffix -‘ish’ to some nouns. Choose the nouns to which you can add the suffix -‘ish’ to make adjectives. girl glass book silk boy water moon scrap
Valid adjectives with -ish: girlish, boyish, bookish. Less common but possible: silkish is not common. Glassish, waterish, moonish, scrapish are not standard. So answer: girl, boy, book can form natural -ish adjectives.
Let us listen
I You will listen to a conversation between a father and daughter about lesser-known Indian inventions. As you listen, mark the four true statements from (1)–(6) given below. 1. The father is surprised by the fact that India was involved in the invention of radio broadcasting and fibre optics.
True. He says Wow, I didn't know that and shows surprise about Jagadish Chandra Bose and Narinder Kapany.
I You will listen to a conversation between a father and daughter about lesser-known Indian inventions. As you listen, mark the four true statements from (1)–(6) given below. 2. The daughter appears indifferent when learning the origins of the USB port.
False. It is the father who tells about USB, and daughter responds with amazement, not indifference.
I You will listen to a conversation between a father and daughter about lesser-known Indian inventions. As you listen, mark the four true statements from (1)–(6) given below. 3. The father shows little interest in the information about the origin of snakes and ladders.
False. He shows interest and says So even that simple game had such deep roots.
I You will listen to a conversation between a father and daughter about lesser-known Indian inventions. As you listen, mark the four true statements from (1)–(6) given below. 4. The father was simply confirming all the facts shared by the daughter.
False. He actively contributes new information about USB and recalls fibre optics.
I You will listen to a conversation between a father and daughter about lesser-known Indian inventions. As you listen, mark the four true statements from (1)–(6) given below. 5. The daughter expresses pride and admiration for India’s role in global inventions.
True. She expresses amazement and says That's amazing, connecting it to India.
I You will listen to a conversation between a father and daughter about lesser-known Indian inventions. As you listen, mark the four true statements from (1)–(6) given below. 6. The daughter is excited as she shares new discoveries about India’s contributions with her father.
True. She initiates the conversation excitedly with Papa, everyone talks about yoga and zero...
I You will listen to a conversation between a father and daughter about lesser-known Indian inventions. As you listen, mark the four true statements from (1)–(6) given below. The four true statements are
1, 5, 6, and also the father learning is true. According to transcript the four true statements are 1, 5, 6, and the implied true that father learned a lot. If strictly four from list, choose 1, 5, 6 and the correct interpretation is that statement 2,3,4 are false.
Let us speak
II If you could travel to space, which planet would you like to visit? Why? What preparations would you like to make? Speak about any five things that you would like to take along.
Example: I would visit Mars because it may have water and is most Earth-like. Preparations: training, health check, learning about zero gravity. Five things: space suit, oxygen supply, camera, diary, and dried food.
III If you could invent something, what would you like to invent and how? Give reasons for the choice of your invention. Speak about your wonder invention.
Example: I would invent a water purifier cap that instantly cleans polluted water using sunlight, to help villages with clean drinking water and reduce plastic bottles. It would use solar nanofilters.
Let us write
I In a conversation, we communicate through dialogues. While writing a conversation, we need to ensure that the dialogues are engaging and serve a purpose. Points to remember: Mention where, when, and with whom the conversation is taking place. Identify the word choice and tone—formal or informal. Include key information, points of agreement and disagreement, etc. Use words in brackets to express emotions or actions, such as (joyfully) (sits down). You may use filler words like Uff, Er… , Ugh, etc. Deepa and Asma, members of the Science Club have a conversation to take a decision about making a model for an upcoming Science Fair. Create this conversation between Deepa and Asma. You may begin the conversation like this. Deepa: Hi Asma! Our Science teacher mentioned that you have a wonderful idea for the Science Fair project. Asma: (hesitatingly) Yes, I do. But I’m not sure if it is good enough. Deepa: (encouragingly) Don’t worry…
Sample conversation: Deepa: Hi Asma! Our Science teacher mentioned you have a wonderful idea for the Science Fair project. Asma: (hesitatingly) Yes, I do. But I'm not sure if it is good enough. Deepa: (encouragingly) Don't worry, share it! Asma: (excitedly) I thought of a working model of a water filtration system using sand and charcoal. Deepa: (curiously) That sounds practical! How will we show purification? Asma: (confidently) We will use muddy water and show clear water collected below. Deepa: (approvingly) Perfect, let's prepare the materials by Friday and divide tasks.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I Work in pairs. What qualities do you associate with a scientist? Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. Complete the word web given below. Qualities of a scientist
Qualities: curiosity, persistence, patience, creativity, logical thinking, observation, honesty, hard work, tenacity, open-mindedness.
II Some pictures of women scientists are given below. What do you know about their work? Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
Open response. Students may identify scientists like Marie Curie, Kalpana Chawla, or ISRO scientists and briefly describe their contributions to physics, space or medicine.
Let us discuss
I Arrange the following events from Bibha Chowdhuri’s life in the correct order of occurrence. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. 1. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) honoured her legacy by renaming a star in the constellation Leo—HD 86081—as ‘Bibha’. 2. She became the first woman faculty member at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). 3. Bibha Chowdhuri was born in pre-independent India. 4. The Government of India declared a chair professorship in Bibha’s name. 5. She joined the University of Manchester under the guidance of the celebrated Nobel Laureate, Patrick M.S. Blackett. 6. She was nominated for a Nobel Prize by Erwin Schrödinger.
Correct chronological order: 3. Born in 1913 in Kolkata, 5. Joined University of Manchester in 1945, 6. Nominated for Nobel Prize in 1950 by Schrödinger, 2. Became first woman faculty at TIFR in 1949 - actually 2 occurs before 6, so proper order is 3,5,2,6,1,4. More precisely: 3 ->5 ->2 ->6 ->1 ->4. IAU honour in 2019 followed by chair professorship in 2020.
Let us think and reflect
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. In 1945, Bibha’s academic journey took her to the University of Manchester. Under the guidance of the celebrated Nobel Laureate, Patrick M.S. Blackett, she delved deeper into the field of cosmic rays. Her Ph.D. thesis on cosmic rays earned local recognition, with newspapers introducing her as ‘India’s New Woman Scientist—She has an eye for Cosmic Rays’. (i) Why is the mention of Patrick M.S. Blackett, a Nobel Laureate, significant in this extract?
It shows she worked under a highly respected world-class scientist, lending credibility and prestige to her research and highlighting the opportunity she earned despite barriers for women.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. In 1945, Bibha’s academic journey took her to the University of Manchester. Under the guidance of the celebrated Nobel Laureate, Patrick M.S. Blackett, she delved deeper into the field of cosmic rays. Her Ph.D. thesis on cosmic rays earned local recognition, with newspapers introducing her as ‘India’s New Woman Scientist—She has an eye for Cosmic Rays’. (ii) What can be inferred about the public perception of women scientists in the 1940s from the title given to her by the press ‘India’s New Woman Scientist’? A. Women scientists were widely accepted and celebrated at that time. B. The world was still doubtful about the capabilities of women scientists. C. Women scientists were as common and renowned as men in the 1940s. D. Women were not allowed to study sciences or pursue scientific careers.
B. The world was still doubtful about the capabilities of women scientists. Calling her new highlights she was a rarity.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. In 1945, Bibha’s academic journey took her to the University of Manchester. Under the guidance of the celebrated Nobel Laureate, Patrick M.S. Blackett, she delved deeper into the field of cosmic rays. Her Ph.D. thesis on cosmic rays earned local recognition, with newspapers introducing her as ‘India’s New Woman Scientist—She has an eye for Cosmic Rays’. (iii) In the phrase ‘celebrated Nobel Laureate,’ the word ‘celebrated’ refers to all of the following EXCEPT someone who is A. famous and highly respected B. frequently seen in public C. renowned for their achievements D. well-regarded in their field
B. frequently seen in public
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 1. In 1945, Bibha’s academic journey took her to the University of Manchester. Under the guidance of the celebrated Nobel Laureate, Patrick M.S. Blackett, she delved deeper into the field of cosmic rays. Her Ph.D. thesis on cosmic rays earned local recognition, with newspapers introducing her as ‘India’s New Woman Scientist—She has an eye for Cosmic Rays’. (iv) Complete the following sentence suitably. The phrase ‘She has an eye for Cosmic Rays’ suggests that __________.
she has keen skill, insight and sharp observational ability in studying cosmic rays
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. The journey from Bibha Chowdhuri’s era to today’s women scientists has been long and arduous, but it is also inspiring. The struggles Chowdhuri faced are a stark reminder of how far we’ve come—and how much further we have to go. But with every cosmic achievement—be it landing on the moon or reaching Mars—these women prove that the journey is well worth it. Bibha Chowdhuri’s legacy lives on. Her story continues to inspire young women to pursue their passions, break barriers, and leave their mark on the world. As the stars of Indian science shine brighter, Bibha Chowdhuri, the beacon–‘beam of light,’ will always guide the way. (i) What can be inferred about the challenges faced by women scientists today, as compared to Bibha Chowdhuri’s era? A. Women scientists no longer face any barriers. B. The challenges remain, but progress has been made. C. The struggles have become more difficult over time. D. The struggles are the same as they were for Chowdhuri.
B. The challenges remain, but progress has been made.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. The journey from Bibha Chowdhuri’s era to today’s women scientists has been long and arduous, but it is also inspiring. The struggles Chowdhuri faced are a stark reminder of how far we’ve come—and how much further we have to go. But with every cosmic achievement—be it landing on the moon or reaching Mars—these women prove that the journey is well worth it. Bibha Chowdhuri’s legacy lives on. Her story continues to inspire young women to pursue their passions, break barriers, and leave their mark on the world. As the stars of Indian science shine brighter, Bibha Chowdhuri, the beacon–‘beam of light,’ will always guide the way. (ii) The phrase ‘Bibha Chowdhuri’s legacy lives on’ suggests that __________.
her contributions and inspiration continue to influence and motivate future generations of women scientists even after her death
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. The journey from Bibha Chowdhuri’s era to today’s women scientists has been long and arduous, but it is also inspiring. The struggles Chowdhuri faced are a stark reminder of how far we’ve come—and how much further we have to go. But with every cosmic achievement—be it landing on the moon or reaching Mars—these women prove that the journey is well worth it. Bibha Chowdhuri’s legacy lives on. Her story continues to inspire young women to pursue their passions, break barriers, and leave their mark on the world. As the stars of Indian science shine brighter, Bibha Chowdhuri, the beacon–‘beam of light,’ will always guide the way. (iii) Why is Bibha Chowdhuri referred to as a ‘beacon’ and a ‘beam of light’ in the extract?
Because like a light in darkness she showed the way for women in science at a time when few women had access to education, guiding and inspiring others through her persistence and pioneering work. The star named Bibha literally means beam of light.
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 2. The journey from Bibha Chowdhuri’s era to today’s women scientists has been long and arduous, but it is also inspiring. The struggles Chowdhuri faced are a stark reminder of how far we’ve come—and how much further we have to go. But with every cosmic achievement—be it landing on the moon or reaching Mars—these women prove that the journey is well worth it. Bibha Chowdhuri’s legacy lives on. Her story continues to inspire young women to pursue their passions, break barriers, and leave their mark on the world. As the stars of Indian science shine brighter, Bibha Chowdhuri, the beacon–‘beam of light,’ will always guide the way. (iv) State whether the following sentence is a fact or an opinion. Bibha Chowdhuri was the beacon, the ‘beam of light’ whose story continues to inspire young women.
Opinion. While her inspiration is widely felt, calling her a beacon is an evaluative, figurative judgement rather than a verifiable fact, though based on factual achievements.
II Answer the following questions. 1. Why is Bibha Chowdhuri considered a pioneer in the field of science?
She was India's first woman physicist, first Indian woman to excel in high-energy particle physics, first woman faculty at TIFR, worked on cosmic rays and discovered pi-mesons, paving the way for women in male-dominated physics.
II Answer the following questions. 2. What does Bibha Chowdhuri’s nomination by Erwin Schrödinger tell us about her abilities?
Nomination for a Nobel Prize by a Nobel Laureate like Schrödinger shows her work was of outstanding international calibre and recognised as remarkably talented even if she did not win.
II Answer the following questions. 3. Bibha Chowdhuri never worked for awards or recognition. Support this statement with evidence from the text.
The text says she never received any awards during her lifetime but continued tirelessly, worked quietly from Kolar Gold Mines to PRL under Vikram Sarabhai, remaining in the periphery of acclaim, showing dedication beyond recognition.
II Answer the following questions. 4. How does the renaming of a star as ‘Bibha’ serve as both a literal and symbolic recognition of her contributions to science?
Literally a star HD 86081 in constellation Leo was officially named Bibha by IAU in 2019. Symbolically Bibha means beam of light, reflecting how she was a guiding light for Indian science and women in STEM, now a star in heaven.
II Answer the following questions. 5. How do the roles of women in ISRO today reflect broader changes in societal attitudes towards women in STEM in India?
Over 50 women led and contributed to Chandrayaan-3 and Mars Orbiter Mission, holding leadership and mission-critical roles, showing women are now accepted as leaders not just participants, reflecting greater equity, encouragement and recognition of women's capabilities in STEM compared to Bibha's era.
II Answer the following questions. 6. What is the writer’s purpose of highlighting the contributions of Bibha Chowdhuri and other modern women scientists?
To honour forgotten pioneers, show continuity from past struggle to present success, inspire young girls to pursue STEM, and emphasize that progress builds on earlier trailblazers.
II Answer the following questions. 7. How might this text help shape people’s perception of the role of women in other traditionally male-dominated fields?
By showing that women can excel with persistence despite bias, it challenges stereotypes, encourages equitable opportunities, and inspires confidence that women can lead in any field if given support.
Let us learn
I Complete the crossword puzzle by filling in the antonyms from the clues given below in the table. You may refer to the text. Across 4. core 1. effortless 5. dependent 2. weakness 7. extinguish 3. neglect 8. terrestrial 6. trivial Down
Across: 4. periphery 5. autonomous 7. ignite 8. celestial. Down: 1. arduous 2. strength/tenacity 3. persistence 6. notable. These are antonyms found in the text: core vs periphery, dependent vs autonomous, extinguish vs ignite, terrestrial vs celestial, effortless vs arduous.
II Substitute the underlined phrase in the sentences with the suitable words from the box given below. physicist luminaries pioneers peers barriers persistence 1. They are considered to be the first people to start the online markets.
pioneers
II Substitute the underlined phrase in the sentences with the suitable words from the box given below. 2. A scientist who studies matter, energy, light, etc.
physicist
II Substitute the underlined phrase in the sentences with the suitable words from the box given below. 3. Most of my friends are my classmates and are my age.
peers
II Substitute the underlined phrase in the sentences with the suitable words from the box given below. 4. We first welcomed all the famous and important people in folk song for the award ceremony.
luminaries
II Substitute the underlined phrase in the sentences with the suitable words from the box given below. 5. My brother finally succeeded in his business because of his continuous efforts and determination.
persistence
II Substitute the underlined phrase in the sentences with the suitable words from the box given below. 6. We should remove all the things that block our way in achieving success.
barriers
III The words ‘professorship’, ‘mentorship’, and ‘leadership’ are used in the text. These words are made by adding the suffix ‘-ship’ to the words ‘professor’, ‘mentor’ and ‘leader’. Similarly, we can make words by adding -ment and -hood to certain words. Now, make words by adding suitable suffixes -ship, -ment, and -hood to the words given below. One example has been done for you. achieve + ment = achievement 1. member + _______________ = _________________
membership
III Make words by adding suitable suffixes. 2. govern + _______________ = _________________
government / governance
III Make words by adding suitable suffixes. 3. partner + _______________ = _________________
partnership
III Make words by adding suitable suffixes. 4. child + _______________ = _________________
childhood
III Make words by adding suitable suffixes. 5. citizen + _______________ = _________________
citizenship
III Make words by adding suitable suffixes. 6. entertain + _______________ = _________________
entertainment
III Make words by adding suitable suffixes. 7. brother + _______________ = _________________
brotherhood
III Make words by adding suitable suffixes. 8. agree + _______________ = _________________
agreement
IV The abbreviations—ISRO and STEM—used in the text are called acronyms because they are read or pronounced as full words. The grid given below has acronyms for the following. Circle the acronyms in the grid. 1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA
IV The abbreviations—ISRO and STEM—used in the text are called acronyms because they are read or pronounced as full words. The grid given below has acronyms for the following. Circle the acronyms in the grid. 2. All India Institute of Medical Sciences
AIIMS
IV The abbreviations—ISRO and STEM—used in the text are called acronyms because they are read or pronounced as full words. The grid given below has acronyms for the following. Circle the acronyms in the grid. 3. Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy
AYUSH
IV The abbreviations—ISRO and STEM—used in the text are called acronyms because they are read or pronounced as full words. The grid given below has acronyms for the following. Circle the acronyms in the grid. 4. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
NIPER
IV The abbreviations—ISRO and STEM—used in the text are called acronyms because they are read or pronounced as full words. The grid given below has acronyms for the following. Circle the acronyms in the grid. 5. World Health Organization
WHO
V Now, complete the following news report with the passive form of verbs given in the box below. (Remember that the verb must agree with the subject.) Last year, significant advancements in medical science 1. __________ in leading medical journals when a new vaccine for malaria 2. __________. The vaccine 3. __________ through several clinical trials and results 4. _________ in those journals. During the trials, blood samples 5. __________ regularly from participants to monitor their immune response. The amount of antibodies produced 6. __________ carefully to assess the effectiveness of the vaccine. discover test measure publish record take
1. were published 2. was discovered 3. was tested 4. were recorded / were published 5. were taken 6. was measured
VI Read the following report of an experiment. Rewrite the report using passive verbs wherever necessary. I conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of light on plant growth. I placed various plants under different light conditions and measured their growth over several weeks. I recorded data daily to track the height of each plant. At the end of the experiment, I analysed the results and found that plants exposed to natural light grew significantly taller than those under artificial light. I concluded that sunlight plays a crucial role in plant development. I presented my findings to the class, highlighting the importance of light in enhancing photosynthesis and overall plant health. You may begin like this. An experiment was conducted…
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of light on plant growth. Various plants were placed under different light conditions and their growth was measured over several weeks. Data was recorded daily to track the height of each plant. At the end of the experiment, the results were analysed and it was found that plants exposed to natural light had grown significantly taller than those under artificial light. It was concluded that sunlight plays a crucial role in plant development. The findings were presented to the class, highlighting the importance of light in enhancing photosynthesis and overall plant health.
VII Read the instructions given in the box on landing of Chandrayaan. Complete the passage by choosing the correct answer from the options given. Chandrayaan’s landing mission involves several key steps. First, the spacecraft 1.________ towards the Moon from the Earth. Then, it 2. ________ to enter the Moon’s orbit. After reaching the Moon’s orbit, the spacecraft’s path 3. ________ for landing. Next, the spacecraft 4. ________ as it nears the Moon’s surface. Finally, the rover 5.________ to explore the surface and collect valuable data. (i) A. launched B. were launched C. was launched D. is launched
C. was launched
VII Read the instructions given in the box on landing of Chandrayaan. Complete the passage by choosing the correct answer from the options given. (ii) A. position B. was positioned C. is positioned D. has positioned
C. is positioned / B. was positioned - correct passive is was positioned
VII Read the instructions given in the box on landing of Chandrayaan. Complete the passage by choosing the correct answer from the options given. (iii) A. adjusted B. was adjusted C. is adjusted D. were adjusted
C. is adjusted / B. was adjusted
VII Read the instructions given in the box on landing of Chandrayaan. Complete the passage by choosing the correct answer from the options given. (iv) A. slowed down B. was slowed down C. is slowed down D. were slowed down
C. is slowed down / B. was slowed down
VII Read the instructions given in the box on landing of Chandrayaan. Complete the passage by choosing the correct answer from the options given. (v) A. is released B. has released C. were released D. was released
A. is released
Let us listen
I You will listen to a podcast about Artificial Intelligence. As you listen, answer the following questions by selecting the correct options. 1. What is one of the key benefits of AI in the healthcare sector? (i) Helps doctors communicate faster with patients. (ii) Provides personalised treatments and faster diagnoses. (iii) Focuses on cosmetic surgeries to improve appearance.
(ii) Provides personalised treatments and faster diagnoses.
I You will listen to a podcast about Artificial Intelligence. As you listen, answer the following questions by selecting the correct options. 2. How did AI play a crucial role during the global pandemic? (i) AI robots monitored patient behaviour in hospitals. (ii) AI assisted in speeding up the discovery of new medicines. (iii) AI developed different types of vaccines by itself.
(ii) AI assisted in speeding up the discovery of new medicines.
I You will listen to a podcast about Artificial Intelligence. As you listen, answer the following questions by selecting the correct options. 3. What example was given regarding AI’s role in renewable energy? (i) AI is optimising the placement of wind turbines and solar panels in cities. (ii) AI is promoting alternative energy from wind turbines and solar panels. (iii) AI is improving the performance of wind turbines and solar panels.
(iii) AI is improving the performance of wind turbines and solar panels.
I You will listen to a podcast about Artificial Intelligence. As you listen, answer the following questions by selecting the correct options. 4. What does AI offer to teachers in the field of education? (i) Helps teachers assign grades more quickly. (ii) Allows teachers to communicate better with students. (iii) Helps teachers analyse student performance.
(iii) Helps teachers analyse student performance.
I You will listen to a podcast about Artificial Intelligence. As you listen, answer the following questions by selecting the correct options. 5. What is one of the user-friendly features that AI is enhancing for people with disabilities? (i) Helps them find better jobs in the mainstream. (ii) Improves speech recognition and voice command technologies. (iii) Trains individuals to interact with robots.
(ii) Improves speech recognition and voice command technologies.
Let us speak
I Form a group of five. Conduct a panel discussion on the topic, ‘Evaluating the Impact of Mobile Phones—Beneficial or Harmful’. Each student will take on one of the following roles. • Moderator (initiates and directs the flow of the discussion inviting the speakers to share their views on the subject; at the end sums up the points of discussion and thanks the members of the group) • Principal (opposed to—focus on discipline in school) • Teacher (in favour of—partially in favour, educational use with limitations) • Parent (opposed to—concerned about health and social effects on children) • Student (in favour of—highlighting the benefits like connectivity and learning)
Sample panel flow: Moderator introduces topic and invites views. Principal says phones disrupt discipline and distract from studies. Teacher says phones can aid learning if used under supervision and time limits. Parent worries about eyesight, addiction and reduced social interaction. Student argues phones provide instant information, safety connectivity and creative apps. Moderator concludes that balanced, regulated use with clear rules is best.
Let us write
I Your school recently hosted the Zonal Science Exhibition, in which teams of students from 25 schools participated enthusiastically. As the student editor, write a report on the exhibition to be published in your school magazine. Use the cues given below with your own ideas to compose this report. • Who was the organiser and who hosted the exhibition? • When (date and time) and where was it held? • Why was it held? • Who participated? • Who was the Chief Guest? • What were the competitions held? For example: Science Quiz, Science Models, etc. • What were the topics of models exhibited? Give details. • Which team got the trophy for best exhibit? • What were the observations of the Chief Guest and other visitors? Points to remember: 1. Write the report in past tense, passive voice, and third person. 2. Follow proper format with a headline, reporter’s name, and three paragraphs.
ZONAL SCIENCE EXHIBITION HOSTED BY ABC SCHOOL - By Student Editor, Class 8. The Zonal Science Exhibition was organised by the District Science Forum and was hosted by ABC School on 10 February 2026 in the school auditorium. It was held to promote scientific curiosity and innovation. Teams from 25 schools participated and the Chief Guest was a renowned ISRO scientist. Competitions such as Science Quiz, Working Models and Poster Making were held. Models on renewable energy, space technology and water conservation were exhibited. The trophy for best exhibit was awarded to XYZ School for its Chandrayaan model. The Chief Guest appreciated the creativity and scientific temper of students and visitors praised the informative displays.