Bravehearts — Class 7 English
Poorvi · Chapter 5
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7- Mathematics
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- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
2- Mathematics
- Social Science
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Chapter summary
The story in steps
- Soumya writes to Ananda after visiting the National War Memorial in New Delhi with her school.
- She learns that the memorial honours soldiers who died in wars after Independence and carries their names on tablets.
- Her teacher tells the class about gallantry awards and the brave actions of soldiers like Lance Naik Albert Ekka.
- Soumya sees Amar Jawan Jyoti and the four chakras, and she feels pride, sadness, and deep respect.
- She plans a school presentation on Major Padmapani Acharya and shares a link so Ananda can learn more.
- Ananda replies with gratitude, recalls a war memorial visit, and feels inspired to visit, share ideas, and serve the nation.
Key ideas & terms
- National War Memorial
- The memorial in New Delhi, with four chakras and the eternal Amar Jawan Jyoti flame, that honours India's fallen soldiers since 1947.
- Param Vir Chakra
- India's highest wartime gallantry award; the unit recalls heroes such as Lance Naik Albert Ekka who earned the nation's top honours.
- A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
- Former President of India and author of the poem 'My Dear Soldiers', which salutes those who guard the nation's borders.
- Rani Abbakka
- The dauntless sixteenth-century queen of Ullal who defied the Portuguese and is remembered as an early woman freedom fighter.
- Sacrifice and patriotism
- The central theme of the unit — soldiers and warriors giving the prime of their lives to protect the country and its freedom.
- Amar Jawan Jyoti
- The eternal flame at the War Memorial; it works as a metaphor for the undying courage and memory of the soldiers.
शब्दार्थ · Word meanings
- territorial integrity
- safeguarding nation’s borders
- envisioned
- visualised
- iconic
- celebrated
- tribute
- showing respect and gratitude
- etched
- engraved
- gallantry
- exceptional courage in battle
- posthumously
- after death
- citation
- meritorious performance of duty
- commemorates
- remembers officially with respect
- obelisk
- tapering stone pillar
- interminable
- everlasting
- discourses
- serious discussions on topics
Extra questions & answers
In what form is 'A Homage to Our Brave Soldiers' written?
It is written as an exchange of two letters between the friends Soumya and Ananda, sharing their feelings about India's brave soldiers.
What is the National War Memorial and what does it honour?
It is a memorial in New Delhi, with four chakras around the eternal Amar Jawan Jyoti flame, honouring the soldiers who died protecting India since 1947.
Why is Lance Naik Albert Ekka remembered in the unit?
He is honoured as an example of selflessness, determination and exceptional courage, having sacrificed his life for the nation in war.
Why does the unit say it is our duty to pay homage to our brave soldiers?
Because soldiers sacrificed their lives so that citizens could live freely and in peace, and remembering them is a way of showing gratitude.
Who wrote the poem 'My Dear Soldiers' and what is it about?
It was written by former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam as a tribute to the soldiers who guard India's borders in every season and terrain.
How does 'My Dear Soldiers' describe the soldiers' hardships?
It pictures them keeping watch through wind, snow and scorching heat across heights, deserts and seas, alone like yogis while others sleep.
How does the poem 'My Dear Soldiers' end?
It ends with a heartfelt prayer asking God to bless and protect the soldiers who give the prime of their youth to the nation.
Who was Rani Abbakka and what did she refuse to do?
She was the sixteenth-century queen of Ullal who refused to pay tribute to the Portuguese, declaring that her land was a sovereign country.
How did Rani Abbakka resist the Portuguese?
She built merchant ships, formed trade alliances with the Zamorin of Kozhikode and Arabia, and led her people and soldiers in armed resistance.
What single theme connects all three readings of the unit?
They all celebrate the bravehearts — soldiers and warriors, men and women — whose courage, sacrifice and patriotism protected the nation.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I Homage means ‘something that is said or done to show respect publicly for someone’. Whom should every Indian pay homage to? Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.
Every Indian should pay homage to the brave soldiers of the Indian Armed Forces who have fought wars and sacrificed their lives to protect our borders and freedom, and also to freedom fighters and bravehearts who keep the nation safe.
II Work in pairs to complete the table by writing any three ways in which we can celebrate the victories and honour the sacrifices of the soldiers. An example has been done for you. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher. Celebrating their Victories | Honouring their Sacrifices | visiting a war memorial
Celebrating their Victories: holding special assemblies and cultural programmes on Victory Days, hoisting the national flag and singing patriotic songs, sharing stories of battles in class. Honouring their Sacrifices: visiting a war memorial and offering flowers, observing silence and praying for fallen soldiers, writing letters of gratitude and helping families of soldiers.
Let us discuss
I Complete the table given below. An example has been done for you. Check your answers with the teacher. Name of the War Hero | Contribution and Achievement | Award Given | Major Somnath Sharma - Battle of Badgam in 1947 - First Param Vir Chakra awarded posthumously | Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla | Lance Naik Albert Ekka | Major Padmapani Acharya - Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla
Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla showed exemplary courage and leadership as a Navy personnel during the 1971 war and was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra.
I Complete the table given below. An example has been done for you. Check your answers with the teacher. Name of the War Hero | Contribution and Achievement | Award Given | Lance Naik Albert Ekka
Lance Naik Albert Ekka of 14 Guards attacked enemy defences at Gangasagar on the eastern front in the 1971 war, silenced an enemy Light Machine Gun and a Medium Machine Gun with bayonet and grenade despite serious wounds, and was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra.
I Complete the table given below. An example has been done for you. Check your answers with the teacher. Name of the War Hero | Contribution and Achievement | Award Given | Major Padmapani Acharya
Major Padmapani Acharya of 2 Rajputana Rifles captured a heavily fortified enemy position covered with mines and machine gun fire on 28 June 1999 in the Kargil War Operation Vijay and was posthumously awarded the Maha Vir Chakra.
II Find the paragraph(s) and sentences in the text that evoke the feelings given below. 1. feeling of wonder
Feeling of wonder is evoked in the description of the National War Memorial having four concentric Chakras, an obelisk with eternal flame, bronze murals and walls with granite tablets, and lighting that transforms the landscape from dawn to dusk.
II Find the paragraph(s) and sentences in the text that evoke the feelings given below. 2. heartening
Heartening feeling comes from the sentence that it was heartening to know that the government has recognised the sacrifice of brave soldiers and awarded 21 Param Vir Chakras and other gallantry medals.
II Find the paragraph(s) and sentences in the text that evoke the feelings given below. 3. sense of motivation
Sense of motivation is evoked when Soumya says the citation of Lance Naik Albert Ekka touched her heart and motivated her and that she aspires to be courageous like him when she joins the Army.
II Find the paragraph(s) and sentences in the text that evoke the feelings given below. 4. pride
Pride is evoked when Soumya describes seeing the obelisk surrounded by wreaths as a majestic site that filled her with pride for the nation.
II Find the paragraph(s) and sentences in the text that evoke the feelings given below. 5. visually inspiring
Visually inspiring is evoked when Soumya says the overall environment at the National War Memorial was visually inspiring and emotive and created a bond with the place.
II Find the paragraph(s) and sentences in the text that evoke the feelings given below. 6. sadness
Sadness is evoked when Soumya says various discourses during the day brought tears to her eyes thinking about massive devastation and loss of life caused by wars.
II Find the paragraph(s) and sentences in the text that evoke the feelings given below. 7. gratitude
Gratitude is evoked when Soumya and Ananda exchange letters and share feelings of gratitude for the freedom they enjoy because of sacrifices made by bravehearts.
II Find the paragraph(s) and sentences in the text that evoke the feelings given below. 8. inspiration
Inspiration is evoked when Soumya says she has written a long letter as she could not help sharing this inspiring experience with Ananda.
III Which is India’s highest gallantry award?
India’s highest wartime gallantry award is the Param Vir Chakra.
IV How would Ananda feel after reading this letter?
Ananda would feel delighted, grateful and motivated. She is happy to read Soumya’s detailed experience, feels proud of the soldiers, and is inspired to join the Armed Forces and to visit the memorial herself.
V Do you think Soumya enjoyed writing this letter? Why or why not?
Yes, Soumya enjoyed writing the letter. She says she is excited to share what she learnt, has written a long letter because she could not help sharing the inspiring experience, and she describes the visit with great emotion and detail.
Let us discuss
I Why was Ananda reminded of the poem ‘Pushp ki Abhilasha’?
Ananda was reminded of the poem because she had seen people offering flowers and prayers at the War Memorial in Bougainvillea Garden in Chandigarh. The poem expresses the wish of a flower to be thrown on the path where brave soldiers go to sacrifice their lives for the motherland, which matched the flower tribute she witnessed.
II How does Soumya’s letter help Ananda in pursuing her hobby?
Soumya’s letter helps Ananda’s hobby of philately because the envelope came with a beautiful stamp celebrating India’s independence which relates to the theme of her letter, making Ananda happy and adding to her collection.
III Ananda is inspired to act after reading the letter from Soumya. What actions does she intend to take up? Fill in the table citing the sentences from the text. 1. visit
Ananda intends to visit the National War Memorial in Delhi. She says they all wish to visit the National War Memorial, Delhi.
III Ananda is inspired to act after reading the letter from Soumya. What actions does she intend to take up? Fill in the table citing the sentences from the text. 2. mobile app
Ananda has found the mobile app ‘National War Memorial and Museum’ which is interactive and answers queries in 21 languages and uses it to learn about war heroes.
III Ananda is inspired to act after reading the letter from Soumya. What actions does she intend to take up? Fill in the table citing the sentences from the text. 3. sharing ideas
Ananda will share Soumya’s experience and the idea of the app and website with classmates and teachers next week.
III Ananda is inspired to act after reading the letter from Soumya. What actions does she intend to take up? Fill in the table citing the sentences from the text. 4. creating a collage
Ananda thinks it would be great to create a collage capturing the lives and stories of people that can inspire us each day.
III Ananda is inspired to act after reading the letter from Soumya. What actions does she intend to take up? Fill in the table citing the sentences from the text. 5. joining the army
Ananda feels motivated and is seriously thinking of joining the Armed Forces to serve her motherland.
III Ananda is inspired to act after reading the letter from Soumya. What actions does she intend to take up? Fill in the table citing the sentences from the text. 6. website
Ananda will use the website link for the National War Memorial shared by Soumya to learn more and share it with friends.
Let us think and reflect
I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 1. You can see the obelisk surrounded by wreaths that have been placed as a mark of respect. The lighting design is planned in such a way that it transforms the monument’s landscape as sunlight changes from dawn to dusk. It truly is a majestic site that filled me with pride for our nation. I was also overwhelmed by the interminable flame as a metaphor for eternal stories of courage and valour. (i) Complete the analogy with a word from the extract. flame: valour:: wreath: ______________
wreath : respect. Just as flame symbolises valour, wreaths are placed as a mark of respect.
I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 1. (ii) How does the lighting design make the monument visually appealing?
The lighting design transforms the monument’s landscape as sunlight changes from dawn to dusk, making it look majestic and different throughout the day.
I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 1. (iii) State whether the following sentence is a fact or an opinion. It truly is a majestic site…
It is an opinion, because majestic is a personal judgement and feeling of the writer, not a measurable fact.
I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 1. (iv) What does the everlasting flame suggest?
The everlasting flame suggests the immortality of the spirit of fallen soldiers, eternal stories of courage and valour, and that the nation will never forget their sacrifice.
I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 1. (v) Choose the correct option to complete the sentence. The tone of the writer in this extract is ______________. A. modest B. light-hearted C. admiring D. nostalgic
C. admiring, because the writer expresses pride, awe and respect for the monument and soldiers.
I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. I was happy to hear that you got an opportunity to visit the National War Memorial. I have heard a lot about it. Some people might see a war memorial as just a monument, statue, an edifice to celebrate a war or victory and commemorate those who sacrificed their lives or got injured in the war. In my view, it is also an expression of deep gratitude for the supreme sacrifice made by our brave soldiers defending the sovereignty and integrity of the country. (i) Choose a line from the extract which shows that Ananda was aware about the National War Memorial.
The line is ‘I have heard a lot about it.’
I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. (ii) What might be the most likely reason for people to consider a war memorial as a monument?
People see it as a monument because it is a physical structure like a statue or edifice built to celebrate victory and commemorate soldiers who lost lives.
I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. (iii) Fill in the blank with a suitable word from the extract. We conduct special competitions at school to ______________ our Independence day.
commemorate
I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. (iv) Select a phrase from the extract showing that Ananda is expressing an opinion.
‘In my view, it is also an expression of deep gratitude’ shows Ananda’s opinion.
I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. (v) Complete the sentence with a suitable reason. Ananda refers to the sacrifice of soldiers as ‘supreme’ sacrifice because ______________.
because soldiers give up their lives, the most valuable thing, while defending the sovereignty and integrity of the country.
II Answer the following questions. 1. What is the significance of the National War Memorial?
The National War Memorial spread over 40 acres near India Gate honours more than 26,000 fallen soldiers since 1947 on 29,000 tablets, has an eternal flame Amar Jawan Jyoti and four Chakras symbolising immortality, bravery, sacrifice and protection, and reminds citizens of the cost of freedom.
II Answer the following questions. 2. Lance Naik Albert Ekka is an example of selflessness, determination, and exceptional courage. Elaborate.
Despite heavy shelling and being seriously wounded, he charged enemy bunkers alone, bayoneted two soldiers to silence a Light Machine Gun, then crawled to a building, lobbed a grenade and bayoneted another enemy to silence a Medium Machine Gun, saving his company and ensuring success before succumbing to injuries.
II Answer the following questions. 3. Explain how the National War Memorial and Museum app will be helpful in spreading awareness about war heroes.
The app is interactive, provides information about the memorial and heroes in 21 languages, shows murals and details, and lets people anywhere learn about sacrifices without visiting physically.
II Answer the following questions. 4. Why is it our duty to pay homage to our brave soldiers?
It is our duty because soldiers risk and sacrifice their lives so we can live peacefully and walk freely without fear, and remembering them shows gratitude and keeps their stories alive.
II Answer the following questions. 5. What is the main idea of this text? How does it justify the title, ‘A Homage to our Brave Soldiers’?
The main idea is friendship and sharing experiences of the National War Memorial to express gratitude for soldiers’ sacrifices. It justifies the title as both letters pay respectful homage to brave soldiers and their valour.
II Answer the following questions. 6. Why were the students awestruck and humbled? Explain in your own words.
They were awestruck and humbled hearing Lance Naik Albert Ekka’s citation, his fearless fighting despite wounds and supreme sacrifice, which made them feel small before such bravery and inspired them.
Let us learn
I Match the prefixes with their meanings and the root words to create a new word in the table given below. An example has been done for you. Prefixes Meanings Root Words New Words re- badly, wrongly questionable mal- beyond, outside activate un- opposed to; against define anti- former functioning extra- lacking; not service Extraordinary ex- remove ordinary de- do again social Now, complete the paragraph by using the new words created in the table. Soldiers undergo (i) extraordinary training to prepare for their challenging duties. They learn to (ii) ____________ explosives and handle (iii) ____________ equipment with precision. They stand as a powerful force against (iv) ____________ elements, displaying (v) ____________ bravery. (vi)________ members often share their experiences to inspire new recruits. Their service can continually (vii) ____________ the essence of commitment and sacrifice. (ii)
deactivate
I Match the prefixes ... (iii) ____________ equipment
malfunctioning
I Match the prefixes ... (iv) ____________ elements
antisocial
I Match the prefixes ... (v) ____________ bravery
unquestionable
I Match the prefixes ... (vi)________ members
ex-service
I Match the prefixes ... (vii) ____________ the essence
redefine
II Find words associated with ‘brave’ by filling in the missing vowels in the boxes given below. V _ L _ _ N T C _ _ R _ G _ H _ R _ _ C V _ L _ _ R G _ L L _ N T F _ _ R L _ S S D _ R _ NG B _ L D _ N D _ _ N T _ D BRAVE - V_L__NT
VALIANT
II Find words associated with ‘brave’ ... C _ _ R _ G _
COURAGE
II Find words associated with ‘brave’ ... H _ R _ _ C
HEROIC
II Find words associated with ‘brave’ ... V _ L _ _ R
VALOUR
II Find words associated with ‘brave’ ... G _ L L _ N T
GALLANT
II Find words associated with ‘brave’ ... F _ _ R L _ S S
FEARLESS
II Find words associated with ‘brave’ ... D _ R _ NG
DARING
II Find words associated with ‘brave’ ... B _ L D _ N D _ _ N T _ D
BOLD AND UNDAUNTED
III Fill in the blanks with the correct opposite words of ‘brave’ from the box to complete the following sentences. fear cowardly timid afraid 1. Ajay’s ____________ refusal to stand up for his friend was disappointing to everyone.
cowardly
III Fill in the blanks ... 2. The ____________ child hid behind his mother, too scared to meet the new teacher.
timid
III Fill in the blanks ... 3. Anjali’s ____________ of heights prevented her from climbing the tall ladder.
fear
III Fill in the blanks ... 4. Sushma felt ____________ as she entered the dark, abandoned building alone.
afraid
IV Read the following sentences from the text and divide them into two parts. An example has been done for you. 1. I aspire to be courageous like him when I join the army!
Part 1: I aspire to be courageous like him - main clause, Part 2: when I join the army - subordinate clause of time
IV Read the following sentences from the text and divide them into two parts. 2. They exchange letters and share their feelings of gratitude for the freedom they enjoy because of the sacrifices made by the bravehearts of the country.
Part 1: They exchange letters and share their feelings of gratitude for the freedom they enjoy - main clause, Part 2: because of the sacrifices made by the bravehearts - subordinate clause of reason
IV Read the following sentences from the text and divide them into two parts. 3. Though seriously wounded in this encounter, he continued to fight alongside his comrades.
Part 1: he continued to fight alongside his comrades - main clause, Part 2: Though seriously wounded in this encounter - subordinate clause of contrast
IV Read the following sentences from the text and divide them into two parts. 4. The sacrifices of the soldiers make monuments like the National War Memorial extremely important so that we should never forget the cost of freedom.
Part 1: The sacrifices of the soldiers make monuments like the National War Memorial extremely important - main clause, Part 2: so that we should never forget the cost of freedom - subordinate clause of purpose
V Combine the following pairs of sentences using suitable subordinating conjunctions given in the box below. because unless when where though 1. Wasi burst into tears. He heard the good news.
Wasi burst into tears when he heard the good news.
V Combine the following pairs of sentences using suitable subordinating conjunctions given in the box below. 2. Himani was very nervous. She delivered a great presentation.
Though Himani was very nervous, she delivered a great presentation.
V Combine the following pairs of sentences using suitable subordinating conjunctions given in the box below. 3. This is the place. I was born.
This is the place where I was born.
V Combine the following pairs of sentences using suitable subordinating conjunctions given in the box below. 4. The students performed very well. They studied diligently.
The students performed very well because they studied diligently.
V Combine the following pairs of sentences using suitable subordinating conjunctions given in the box below. 5. Water the plants. They will die.
Water the plants unless you want them to die / Unless you water the plants, they will die.
VI Complete the following sentences with suitable main clause or subordinate clause. 1. Farheen was late to work because ________________.
Farheen was late to work because she missed her bus.
VI Complete the following sentences with suitable main clause or subordinate clause. 2. The dog started barking when ________________.
The dog started barking when it heard a loud noise at the gate.
VI Complete the following sentences with suitable main clause or subordinate clause. 3. She completed the marathon although ________________.
She completed the marathon although she was very tired.
VI Complete the following sentences with suitable main clause or subordinate clause. 4. ________________ while they were hiking in the mountains.
It started raining heavily while they were hiking in the mountains.
VI Complete the following sentences with suitable main clause or subordinate clause. 5. Abhishek received a promotion after ________________.
Abhishek received a promotion after he completed the important project successfully.
VI Complete the following sentences with suitable main clause or subordinate clause. 6. ________________ before the deadline approached.
She submitted her assignment before the deadline approached.
VI Complete the following sentences with suitable main clause or subordinate clause. 7. We waited in the car until ________________.
We waited in the car until the rain stopped.
VI Complete the following sentences with suitable main clause or subordinate clause. 8. ________________ as the waves rushed to the shore.
The children ran towards the beach as the waves rushed to the shore.
Let us listen
1. What type of job does Gunjan think the Armed Forces is?
the most honourable job
2. What feature of the Armed Forces fills Gunjan with pride?
wearing the uniform earned through hard work
3. How does the disciplined life of the Armed Forces impact the body and mind, according to Gunjan?
keeps both mind and body active
4. List any one aspect about a job in the Armed Forces that Gunjan feels helps someone grow.
new experiences and adventures everyday / teaches important lessons
5. State any two things that Gunjan feels life in the Armed Forces teaches.
loyalty and duty / service and honesty / honour and self-respect
Let us speak
1. Work in pairs and identify the different professions displayed in the picture.
The picture shows professions like soldier, doctor, teacher, pilot, firefighter, farmer, police officer and others who serve society.
2. Imagine that you dream of or wish to pursue some of these professions and vocations. Take turns to express this along with a reason. Do not forget to include what preparation would be required to fulfill the dream. Speak about all the given professions and vocations.
I would like to become a soldier because I want to protect my country. For this I need to study hard, stay physically fit and join the National Defence Academy. I dream of working as a doctor to help sick people, which requires studying science and medical training, and so on for each profession.
Let us explore
I Every branch of the Armed Forces has a motto. Read the mottos given below. 1. Indian Army Sevā Paramo Dharmaḥ (Service Before Self) 2. Indian Air Force Nabhaḥ Spr̥śaṁ Dīptam (Touch the Sky with Glory) 3. Indian Navy Sham No Varunah (Be Auspicious Unto Us Oh Varuna)
These mottos inspire each force to serve selflessly: the Army puts service above self, the Air Force aims to touch the sky with glory, and the Navy seeks auspicious guidance from Varuna, the sea god.
II India has many other Forces that serve the nation. For example, Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF). Find out about such Forces and discuss with the teacher.
Other forces include Border Security Force, Central Industrial Security Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, and National Security Guard. They maintain internal security, guard borders and help during disasters.
III Create a collage capturing the lives and stories of people that inspire us. In groups of four, prepare a collage on a chart paper on any such person and present it in the class.
Prepare a collage with photos, newspaper clippings and quotes of an inspirational person like a freedom fighter or soldier, arranging them on chart paper with a title and captions, and present its story to the class.
IV Many women have joined the Armed Forces and are serving the nation. Have a discussion in the class with examples.
Discuss examples like Captain Lakshmi Sahgal, Flight Lieutenant Gunjan Saxena, and modern women officers in Army, Navy and Air Force who fly fighter jets and lead troops, showing courage and equality.
Let us write
You have read about the sacrifices made by the Armed Forces during war. However, the Armed Forces also play a key role during peace time. Write a letter to your friend sharing how the Armed Forces contribute their services during the times of natural calamities (floods, earthquakes, etc.), infrastructure development (building bridges in remote areas, etc.) and for welfare initiatives (medical camps, establishment of libraries, etc.) Use the prompts given below. • I would like to become... because... For this I would have to first... • I dream of working as a... as... This would involve... • To become a... has been a childhood dream. This is so because...In order to become a... I would have to... • One day, I hope to become... Then I would be able to... However, first I would need to... • It would be great if I could work as... as it would let me... For this I would have to...
Dear Friend, I want to share how our Armed Forces help in peace time too. During floods and earthquakes they rescue people, provide food and medical aid. They build bridges and roads in remote border areas and run medical camps and schools. I would like to become a soldier because serving in both war and peace is noble. For this I must work hard and stay disciplined. Yours lovingly, XYZ.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I Look around and identify the people who contribute to your life selflessly with a risk to their own lives. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.
People who contribute selflessly with risk include soldiers, firefighters, police officers, doctors and rescue workers who protect us even in danger.
II Work in pairs. Discuss at least three questions that you would like to ask the people identified in I.
Three questions could be: What motivates you to risk your life for others? What is the most challenging moment you have faced? What message would you give to students who want to serve the nation?
Let us discuss
I Complete the summary with an exact word from the poem. An example has been done for you. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher. The poem is a tribute to the soldiers of the 1. land who defend the 2. _______________ of their country. It highlights their untiring commitment and sacrifices as they guard the nation. The soldiers remain vigilant and dedicated, whether it’s windy, snowy, or 3. _______________ hot. They walk on 4. _______________ stretches of land like the yogis. Their duty takes them to different terrains, including mountains, valleys, 5. _______________, and marshes. The poet acknowledges that they have given a major part of their 6. _______________ to protect the nation. The poet says the wind chimes show their respect to the soldiers’ 7. _______________. The poet concludes with prayers for their well-being and blessings. 2.
borders
I Complete the summary ... 3. _______________ hot.
scorching
I Complete the summary ... 4. _______________ stretches
lonely
I Complete the summary ... 5. _______________, and marshes.
deserts
I Complete the summary ... 6. _______________ to protect the nation.
youth
I Complete the summary ... 7. _______________.
feat
II Select the correct option for the following questions. 1. The theme of the poem is _______. (i) patriotism and sacrifice (ii) heroism and awareness (iii) nature and hardship (iv) seasons and terrains
(i) patriotism and sacrifice
II Select the correct option for the following questions. 2. The tone of the poem is _______. (i) admiring (ii) sad (iii) respectful (iv) grateful (v) prayerful A. Only (v) B. (i) and (iii) C. (ii), (iii) and (v) D. (i), (iii), (iv) and (v)
D. (i), (iii), (iv) and (v) - admiring, respectful, grateful and prayerful
III Complete the following sentences by explaining why the poet has used the following poetic devices. 1. Imagery because ___________________________________________________.
Imagery creates vivid pictures of windy, snowy, scorching sun and lonely expanses to help readers feel the harsh conditions soldiers endure.
III Complete the following sentences by explaining why the poet has used the following poetic devices. 2. Simile because the soldiers are likened to __________________________.
yogis, to show their loneliness, discipline and meditative dedication while guarding borders.
III Complete the following sentences by explaining why the poet has used the following poetic devices. 3. Metaphor because the poet uses wind chimes ______________________.
as a metaphor for the land itself vibrating and singing praise for the soldiers’ brave deeds.
III Complete the following sentences by explaining why the poet has used the following poetic devices. 4. Repetition of the words ‘you’ and ‘we’ because _____________________.
it contrasts the soldiers who guard and the citizens who sleep safely, emphasizing gratitude and duty.
III Complete the following sentences by explaining why the poet has used the following poetic devices. 5. Alliteration such as ‘season or snowy’ and _________________________ to create _____________________.
‘scorching sun’s sweltering rays’ and ‘defending the deserts’ to create musical rhythm and emphasize harshness and determination.
Let us think and reflect
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. When we are all asleep You still hold on to your deed Windy season or snowy days Or scorching sun’s sweltering rays You are there guarding all the time awake Treading the lonely expanses as yogis 1. Identify a set of opposite words from the extract.
asleep - awake
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. Complete the sentence appropriately. The phrase ‘still hold on to your deed’ refers to the soldier’s attitude of ______________________.
dedication and commitment to duty without leaving the post even when others sleep.
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. 3. Identify whether the following statement is true or false. The soldiers walk across the deserted stretches of land.
True. The line ‘Treading the lonely expanses as yogis’ shows they walk across lonely deserted stretches.
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. 4. Give evidence from the extract to show that soldiers face harsh weather conditions.
The lines ‘Windy season or snowy days Or scorching sun’s sweltering rays’ show they face wind, snow and extreme heat.
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. 5. Which quality of the soldiers is highlighted in this extract? (i) modesty (ii) optimism (iii) simplicity (iv) dedication
(iv) dedication
II Answer the following questions. 1. Who is the speaker of this poem? How can you say so?
The speaker is a grateful citizen poet, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, who says ‘We pray for you brave men’ representing all Indians thanking soldiers.
II Answer the following questions. 2. How is the theme of the poem conveyed through imagery? Support your answer with examples from the poem.
The theme of sacrifice is conveyed through images of windy, snowy, scorching sun, lonely expanses, heights, valleys, deserts and marshes showing everywhere soldiers guard.
II Answer the following questions. 3. How does the poet highlight the commitment of the soldiers? Provide examples from the poem to support your answer.
The poet shows they guard all the time awake even when we sleep, tread lonely expanses like yogis, and work in surveillance in seas and air.
II Answer the following questions. 4. What is the significance of the line ‘Prime of your youth given to the nation!!’ with reference to sacrifice and service?
It means soldiers give their best young years to the nation instead of personal comfort, showing supreme sacrifice and selfless service.
II Answer the following questions. 5. The poem ends with a prayer for the soldiers’ well-being and blessings. Why is it important for each one of us to pray for the well-being of soldiers?
Praying shows gratitude and respect for their risk and reminds us that our peace depends on their safety and well-being.
Let us learn
I The poem mentions a few terrains (physical features of land)—valleys, deserts, and marshes. Identify the terrains from the box given below. There are two that you do not need. ghats river plateau delta bay peninsula mountains 1.
mountains
I The poem mentions a few terrains ... 2.
valleys - already in poem but from box: plateau is a terrain
I The poem mentions a few terrains ... 3.
deserts
I The poem mentions a few terrains ... 4.
From the given box, the terrains are landforms such as mountains, plateau, delta, peninsula and ghats. (‘Deserts’ and ‘marshes’ are mentioned in the poem but are not in the box, so they are not chosen here.)
II Study the following phrases from the poem. • treading the lonely expanses • climbing the heights • scorching sun Such phrases are word pairs that come together in combinations and are called collocations. Collocations are specific word pairings in English. They refer to the way certain words frequently appear together with others. Fill in the blanks by choosing the words given in the brackets that collocate appropriately. 1. The hikers reached the ____________ (summit/peak) of the mountain after several days of trekking through challenging conditions.
summit
II Fill in the blanks ... 2. The ____________ (empty/barren) landscape of the desert made it nearly impossible to find any water sources.
barren
II Fill in the blanks ... 3. In the rainforest, the ____________ (heavy/dense) forest provides a habitat for a diverse range of wildlife.
dense
II Fill in the blanks ... 4. Chitra is a very ____________ (heroic/adventurous) person and enjoys mountain climbing.
adventurous
II Fill in the blanks ... 5. I’ll try to get back in time, but I'm not ____________ (doing/making) any promises.
making
Let us listen
I Think and complete the poem titled ‘A Soldier’s Pride’, given below. (Transcript for the teacher on pg. 224) In fields so vast, our soldiers stand, With hearts so brave, and firm 1. ______________, They guard our land both night and 2. ______________, To keep our fears and foes at bay. With every dawn and setting 3. ______________, Their duty calls, it must be done, Through 4. ______________ skies and blazing heat, They 5. ______________ along with steady feet. For love of land, they 6. ______________ and strive, To keep our hopes and 7. ______________ alive, With pride and honour, they defend, Our beloved India, till the very 8. ______________. 1.
command
I Think and complete the poem ... 2. ______________
day
I Think and complete the poem ... 3. ______________
sun
I Think and complete the poem ... 4. ______________
stormy
I Think and complete the poem ... 5. ______________
march
I Think and complete the poem ... 6. ______________
fight
I Think and complete the poem ... 7. ______________
dreams
I Think and complete the poem ... 8. ______________
end
II Now, listen to the poem and correct your answers wherever required.
Listen and check that answers are command, day, sun, stormy, march, fight, dreams, end and correct if needed.
Let us speak
I Work in pairs and practise reciting the poem ‘My Dear Soldiers’. Pause briefly at (/) and emphasise the highlighted words. My/Dear/Soldiers/by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (pause and count 1-2-3 silently before reciting the poem) Oh! Defenders / of borders / You are great sons / of my land / When we are all / asleep / You still hold on / to your deed / ...
Practice reciting slowly with pauses at /, stressing words like Defenders, great, asleep, awake, yogis, and using appropriate volume and facial expressions.
2. Now, recite aloud in groups of 8–10. Remember— • Use volume to add emotion to the poem. For instance, speak more softly for lines that express tenderness or solemnity and louder for lines that convey strength or pride. • Maintain a steady pace. Don’t rush through the lines. • Use appropriate facial expressions to boost the meaning of the poem. Stand tall with a confident posture to reflect the pride and strength of the soldiers.
Recite in groups with coordinated volume, steady pace and confident posture to express pride and gratitude for soldiers.
Let us write
I An acrostic poem is the one in which the first letter of each line spells out a word, name or phrase when read vertically. Read the example given below and compose your own acrostic poem. Proud of motherland S__________________________ Always alert I stand O__________________________ Time, my concern never L__________________________ Respect to her, forever D__________________________ In worse times or better I__________________________ Our love has no end E__________________________ To me, my country is my friend. R__________________________
S - Standing at the border so strong O - Offering my life for the nation L - Loyal to the flag forever D - Daring in every storm I - Inspiring courage in all E - Eternal guardian of peace R - Ready to sacrifice for India
II We cannot thank our soldiers enough. To express your admiration, draft a note of gratitude for their selfless service to the nation. (Word limit: 50 words) You may begin this way: Dear Bravehearts, I would like to…
Dear Bravehearts, I would like to thank you for guarding our borders day and night in heat, cold and loneliness. Your youth and courage give us freedom and peace. We pray for your safety and promise to honour your sacrifice. Jai Hind!
Let us explore
I Design a badge of honour for the soldiers. You may make it by hand, with cardboard, paper, and colours, or alternately, design it digitally and take a printout. Remember to include a self-designed logo and a slogan in the badge.
Design a circular badge with tricolour border, Ashoka Chakra in centre, soldier silhouette and slogan like Service Before Self or Jai Hind, made on cardboard with colours.
II Find out any poem or story in your mother tongue or regional language about the sacrifices and bravery of soldiers. Make a presentation in the class.
Find a local poem like Pushp ki Abhilasha in Hindi or a regional folk song about a brave soldier, translate its theme and present its summary and recitation in class.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I Solve the riddle given below and share your answer with your classmates and the teacher. She was a queen who led the fight, She fought for her country and her right. With a shining sword in her hand, Her son on her back in a cloth band Remembered as a warrior grand, She died defending her beloved Motherland. Who is she?
She is Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi.
II Think of any other women warriors who made a significant contribution to India’s struggle for Independence. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.
Other women warriors include Rani Abbakka of Ullal, Rani Chennamma of Kittur, Rani Durgavati, Jhalkari Bai, Begum Hazrat Mahal, Captain Lakshmi Sahgal and Kanaklata Barua.
Let us discuss
I Match the words in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher. Column 1 Column 2 1. vassal (n) (i) extreme anger 2. coronation (n) (ii) take hold of suddenly or forcibly 3. successor (n) (iii) happen in a violent way 4. rash (adj.) (iv) acting or doing something without thinking about the consequences 5. sovereign country (n) (v) association or partnership 6. league (n) (vi) a ceremony at which a person is made king or queen 7. wrath (n) (vii) fearless 8. seize (v) (viii) capture 9. resolve (n) (ix) a country with a government having complete authority 10. raged (v) (xi) a person who succeeds another 11. decisive (adj.) (xiii) showing the ability to make decisions effectively 12. apprehended (v) (viii) capture 13. dauntless (adj) (vii) fearless 14. avenge (v) (xii) take revenge for 1. vassal (n)
(x) a country/state that is controlled by a more powerful country and has to pay money when needed
I Match the words ... 2. coronation (n)
(vi) a ceremony at which a person is made king or queen
I Match the words ... 3. successor (n)
(xi) a person who succeeds another
I Match the words ... 4. rash (adj.)
(iv) acting or doing something without thinking about the consequences
I Match the words ... 5. sovereign country (n)
(ix) a country with a government having complete authority
I Match the words ... 6. league (n)
(v) association or partnership
I Match the words ... 7. wrath (n)
(i) extreme anger
I Match the words ... 8. seize (v)
(ii) take hold of suddenly or forcibly
I Match the words ... 9. resolve (n)
(xiv) determination
I Match the words ... 10. raged (v)
(iii) happen in a violent way
I Match the words ... 11. decisive (adj.)
(xiii) showing the ability to make decisions effectively
I Match the words ... 12. apprehended (v)
(viii) capture
I Match the words ... 13. dauntless (adj)
(vii) fearless
I Match the words ... 14. avenge (v)
(xii) take revenge for
II Complete the table given below based on your understanding of the story. An example has been done for you. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher. Cause Effect 1. Ullal had been captured by the Portuguese. (i) Ullal had to pay a tribute to the colonial power. 2. (ii) Rani Abbakka’s husband Veera Narsimha felt it was a hasty decision.
Cause: Rani Abbakka declared that Ullal would not pay tribute and would not take orders from the Portuguese.
II Complete the table ... 3. Veera Narsimha ordered the soldiers to stop Rani Abbakka when she said she would not be frightened by the Portuguese. (iii)
Effect: Rani Abbakka boldly said she would face them and was supported by the soldiers and people of Ullal.
II Complete the table ... 4. Rani Abbakka addressed a meeting of rajas for their support, who felt they would be no match for the Portuguese army and their power. (iv)
Effect: The rajas refused to join her, so she decided to fight alone with her own people and preparation.
II Complete the table ... 5. (v) Rani Abbakka in turn attacked the Portuguese Fort.
Cause: The Portuguese attacked and raged in Ullal / envoy threatened and Portuguese showed wrath, so she resolved to avenge and seize the fort.
Let us think and reflect
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Portuguese envoy: Our Governor has sent me to remind you that the annual tribute from Ullal is long overdue and... Rani Abbakka: We are a sovereign country. We don’t pay tribute to Portugal. And we don’t take orders from the Portuguese! Portuguese envoy: Your Majesty, you will regret your stand. Abbakka ordered merchant ships to be built and in alliance with the Zamorin of Kozhikode, she defied the Portuguese and established a hugely profitable trading relation with Arabia. 1. What does the word ‘tribute’ mean in this context?
Tribute means money or goods that a vassal state is forced to pay regularly to a more powerful colonial power.
I Read the extract ... 2. Complete the sentence with a suitable reason. Rani Abbakka says, “We are a sovereign country” because __________.
because Ullal has its own government with complete authority and is not under Portuguese control.
I Read the extract ... 3. Identify whether the following statement is true or false. The Portuguese envoy threatened Rani Abbakka.
True. He said ‘You will regret your stand’ which is a threat.
I Read the extract ... 4. Choose a word given in brackets to replace the underlined word. “… she defied the Portuguese and established a hugely profitable trading relation with Arabia.” (defeated/disobeyed)
disobeyed
I Read the extract ... 5. Choose the option that lists the qualities of Rani Abbakka, based on this extract. (i) bold (ii) thoughtful (iii) capable (iv) generous (v) determined A. (i), (ii), and (v) B. (ii), (iii), and (iv) C. (i), (iii), and (v) D. (ii), (iv), and (v)
C. (i), (iii), and (v) - bold, capable and determined
II Answer the following questions. 1. Rani Abbakka spoke to her mother on her deathbed. How might these words have made her mother feel?
Her words of courage and resolve to protect Ullal would have made her mother feel proud, reassured and peaceful that the kingdom was in brave hands.
II Answer the following questions. 2. What does the support of the people of Ullal and the soldiers for Rani Abbakka suggest about their mindset?
It shows they were patriotic, fearless, loyal and trusted her leadership, willing to resist foreign power together.
II Answer the following questions. 3. How might the people of Ullal have felt when the mighty Portuguese were defeated?
They would have felt joyful, proud and relieved, with renewed confidence and respect for their queen.
II Answer the following questions. 4. Why do you think Rani Abbakka’s victory against the Portuguese would have inspired other rulers to go against a foreign power?
Her victory proved that even a small kingdom with determination and unity could defeat a powerful colonial army, inspiring others to believe they too could resist and be decisive.
Let us learn
I Study the following words from the text. seize, sovereign, their, soldiers The spelling of the given words have ‘ei’ and ‘ie’ in them. Spelling tip: ‘i’ before ‘e’ except after ‘c’ For example: receive, deceive Now, fill in the blanks with ‘ie’ or ‘ei’ for the following words. 1. c___ling
ceiling - cei
I Study the following words ... 2. bel___ve
believe - ie
I Study the following words ... 3. th___f
thief - ie
I Study the following words ... 4. ach___ve
achieve - ie
I Study the following words ... 5. perc___ve
perceive - ei
I Study the following words ... 6. prot___n
protein - ei
I Study the following words ... 7. soc___ty
society - ie
I Study the following words ... 8. sh___ld
shield - ie
I Study the following words ... 9. w___ght
weight - ei
I Study the following words ... 10. fr___nd
friend - ie
II Study the highlighted word in the following sentence from the text. …; and Bangadi too may have to face their wrath. Was the initial letter ‘w’ pronounced? There are many words in the English language where certain letters are not pronounced but are spelt. They are called ‘silent letters’. For example : campaign, knowledge, pneumonia, honour, calm Now, find more words with silent letters.
No, the w in wrath is silent. Other silent letter words are: write, knight, honest, bottle with silent t, psychology, doubt with silent b.
III Read the following expressions from the text. laughing stock, last laugh Use the dictionary page given below to find the meanings of the following. burst out laughing, don’t make me laugh, laugh until you cry, have a good laugh. Now, use these expressions in sentences of your own. burst out laughing
burst out laughing means to suddenly start laughing loudly. Sentence: The whole class burst out laughing when the clown fell.
III Read the following expressions ... don’t make me laugh
don’t make me laugh means something is absurd or not believable. Sentence: Don’t make me laugh, you can’t lift that heavy box alone.
III Read the following expressions ... laugh until you cry
laugh until you cry means to laugh so much that tears come. Sentence: We laughed until we cried watching the funny magic show.
III Read the following expressions ... have a good laugh
have a good laugh means to enjoy laughing heartily. Sentence: We had a good laugh remembering our school picnic.
IV Rewrite the following sentences in direct speech to indirect speech. Remember to make the necessary changes. 1. The teacher said, “Women of valour have made significant contributions throughout history.” The teacher remarked that _________________________________.
The teacher remarked that women of valour had made significant contributions throughout history.
IV Rewrite the following sentences ... 2. “I enjoy reading historical novels,” said Smitha. Smitha shared that _________________________________.
Smitha shared that she enjoyed reading historical novels.
IV Rewrite the following sentences ... 3. The captain said to the coach, “Our team won the championship last year.” The captain told the coach that _________________________________.
The captain told the coach that their team had won the championship the previous year.
IV Rewrite the following sentences ... 4. The class teacher said, “Please turn off the lights when you leave.” The class teacher requested _________________________________.
The class teacher requested the students to turn off the lights when they left.
IV Rewrite the following sentences ... 5. “Finish the work before dinner,” said mother to Ravi. Mother advised _________________________________.
Mother advised Ravi to finish the work before dinner.
IV Rewrite the following sentences ... 6. The vet said to the pet owner, “Take the dog for a walk.” The vet instructed _________________________________.
The vet instructed the pet owner to take the dog for a walk.
V Read the conversation between the Captain and the team. Captain: We need to focus on our strategy for the final match. Player : I have some ideas on how we can improve our strategy. Captain: Make sure to share those ideas with the team during practice. Complete the following paragraph by transforming the dialogue in the indirect form of speech. The Captain remarked that 1. ________________________________________. To which one of the players replied that 2. ___________________________. The Captain advised the player to 3. _________________________________. 1.
they needed to focus on their strategy for the final match
V Read the conversation ... 2.
he had some ideas on how they could improve their strategy
V Read the conversation ... 3.
share those ideas with the team during practice
Let us listen
You will listen to the teacher speak about a braveheart. As you listen, complete the bio-table given below. (Transcript for the teacher on pg. 224) Information Details Full Name Rani Gaidinliu Date of Birth January 1. ________ 1915 Place of Birth Tamenglong district, 2. ___________ Tribe Rongmei (Kabui) Age when joined the Hereka Movement 3. ________ Main aim of Movement Revival of Naga tribal religion and self-rule (Naga Raj) Year of Arrest 4. _________ Age of Arrest 5. _________ Sentence Life imprisonment Years of Imprisonment 1932 – 1947 Title Given ‘Daughter of the Hills’, 6. ‘____________’ Award 7. ___________________, Birsa Munda Award Year of Death 1993 Honour in Silchar, Assam Park and 8. _____________ Postal Stamp Issued 1996 Commemorative Coin Issued 9. _________ 1.
26
You will listen to the teacher speak about a braveheart. ... 2. ___________
Manipur
You will listen to the teacher speak about a braveheart. ... 3. ________
13 years
You will listen to the teacher speak about a braveheart. ... 4. _________
1932
You will listen to the teacher speak about a braveheart. ... 5. _________
16 years
You will listen to the teacher speak about a braveheart. ... 6. ‘____________’
Rani
You will listen to the teacher speak about a braveheart. ... 7. ___________________
Padma Bhushan
You will listen to the teacher speak about a braveheart. ... 8. _____________
statue
You will listen to the teacher speak about a braveheart. ... 9. _________
2015
Let us speak
Some of the words from the story ‘Rani Abbakka’ are given in the table below. Work in pairs and pronounce these words by referring to the notes given below. Emphasise the highlighted syllable. Remember, single syllable (monosyllabic) words do not have any stress. Words Pronunciation Notes 1. vassal (n) va-sul (two syllables) The /a/ sound in va is similar to van. The word vassal rhymes with apple. 2. successor (n) suhk·seh·suh (three syllables) The /r/ sound in the end of the word is not pronounced. 3. rash (adj.) rash (monosyllabic) The /a/ sound is similar to rat. 4. league (n) leeg (monosyllabic) Use the long -ee sound, as in seed. 5. wrath (n) roth (monosyllabic) The -w is silent. 6. seize (v) seez (monosyllabic) Not to be confused with ‘size’. 7. resolve (n) ri-zolv (two syllables) The -s becomes the /z/ sound.
Practice pronouncing: vassal as VA-sul, successor as suhk-SEH-suh, rash, league as leeg, wrath as roth, seize as seez, resolve as ri-ZOLV, stressing the highlighted syllable.
Let us write
India’s past was heroic, and at present, the pace of her development is inspiring. Women play a significant role in it. These women are around us, inspiring us all the time. With these thoughts, write a conversation between two students, Pratap and Tarana, discussing the role played by women in forming India’s identity as a strong nation. You may begin like this: Pratap : Tarana, I have a lot of respect for women like... Tarana : I believe in the capabilities of women. Did you...? Complete the conversation in about six to eight sentences for each of them and share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.
Pratap: Tarana, I have a lot of respect for women like Rani Abbakka and Rani Lakshmibai who fought bravely for freedom. Tarana: I believe in the capabilities of women too. Did you know modern women like Kalpana Chawla and our women officers in the Armed Forces also make India proud? Pratap: Yes, they show courage and leadership in every field from science to defence. Tarana: Absolutely, women teachers, doctors and farmers around us also build a strong nation daily through selfless service.
Let us explore
In groups of five, find facts about any one brave woman who we remember because of her achievements and present in class. For example, Rani Chennamma of Kittur, Rani Durgavati, Ahilyabai Holkar, Jhalkari Bai, Captain Lakshmi Sahgal, Kanaklata Barua, Kalpana Chawla, or anyone else. Include the following in your presentation: 1. Childhood 2. Training / Education 3. Achievements 4. Contributions 5. What you have learnt from her
Choose Rani Chennamma of Kittur: Childhood in a royal family trained in horse riding and sword; Education in warfare; Achievements defeated British in 1824; Contributions inspired nationalism; Learnt courage and leadership. Present with pictures on chart paper.