Travel and Adventure — Class 7 English
Poorvi · Chapter 4
Visual story
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7- Mathematics
- Science
- + 3 more
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
2- Mathematics
- Social Science
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
- Space weighted by chapter size
- Charts from the book's own data
- Traps corrected
Chapter summary
The story in steps
- Suraj goes to a jungle tunnel to watch the midday train roar out.
- After the train passes, he walks through the dark tunnel and meets the watchman, Sunder Singh.
- Sunder Singh tells Suraj about his work, the tunnel, and the leopard that visits the area.
- The next evening, Suraj returns and hears that the leopard is inside the tunnel before the night train arrives.
- Sunder Singh and Suraj drive the leopard out, and the night mail thunders safely through the tunnel.
- Later, Suraj travels by train with his father and sees Sunder Singh’s lamp shining near the tunnel.
Key ideas & terms
- Sunder Singh
- The brave, solitary tunnel watchman in 'The Tunnel' who lives at one with the jungle and helps frighten the leopard away.
- Suraj
- The curious village boy who befriends the watchman and shares the adventure with the leopard and the night mail.
- Wanderlust
- The strong longing to travel that drives the speaker of the poem 'Travel', who would board any train at all.
- Arunima Sinha
- The volleyball player who, after losing a leg, became the first Indian woman amputee to summit Mount Everest.
- Bachendri Pal
- The first Indian woman to climb Everest; she mentored Arunima and told her she had already conquered 'the Everest within'.
- Imagery
- Vivid sensory description (shimmering heat, shrieking whistles, red cinders on the sky) used in both the prose and the poem.
शब्दार्थ · Word meanings
- shimmered
- shined with moving light
- railway embankment
- raised wall carrying railway line
- scrub-covered
- covered with short bushes
- cutting
- narrow path cut through hill
- plume of smoke
- long thin cloud of smoke
- contemplation
- deep thought
- reassure
- make someone feel less worried
- scuttled
- ran quickly
- swishing
- moving with brushing sound
- swooped
- moved quickly downward through air
- trimming
- adjusting the lamp wick
- lithe
- thin and graceful
Extra questions & answers
Who are the two main characters in 'The Tunnel' and how do they meet?
A curious village boy, Suraj, and Sunder Singh, the lonely tunnel watchman, meet when Suraj walks out to the railway tunnel in the jungle.
What danger threatens the safe passage of the night mail?
A leopard hides inside the tunnel; Suraj and Sunder Singh hear it and must frighten it away before the train arrives.
How do Suraj and Sunder Singh drive the leopard away?
They shout together and raise the lamp, scaring the leopard out of the tunnel just in time for the night mail to pass safely.
What does 'The Tunnel' show about Sunder Singh's character?
It shows his calm courage, his solitary life and his deep belonging to the jungle, where he feels safer than in the town.
What is the main feeling expressed in the poem 'Travel'?
A restless wanderlust — the speaker longs so strongly to travel that she would take any train, no matter where it is going.
How does the speaker of 'Travel' sense trains she cannot see?
By day she hears the whistle though the railway is miles off, and by night she imagines the red cinders glowing on the sky.
What accident changed Arunima Sinha's life?
She was thrown from a train and lost a leg, which had to be amputated, ending her career as a national volleyball player.
What ambition did Arunima Sinha set for herself during recovery?
Inspired by an article about Mount Everest, she vowed to climb the world's highest peak despite her prosthetic leg.
What did Bachendri Pal mean by saying Arunima had conquered 'the Everest within'?
She meant that Arunima had already overcome the far greater inner challenge of despair and self-doubt, so the mountain was conquerable.
What common theme connects the three readings in this unit?
They link the excitement of travel and adventure with courage, resilience and determination in the face of danger and hardship.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I What kind of an adventure activity would you like to be a part of? Now, choose the option(s) that best applies to you. 1. How would you like to spend your weekends? (i) Trying new activities (ii) Reading a book (iii) Spending time with friends (iv) Learning something new
This is a self-choice activity. An example answer: I would like to spend my weekends trying new activities and learning something new because I enjoy adventure and discovering new skills.
2. Which of these places would you prefer to explore? (i) Dense forests and clear streams (ii) Magical lands with fairies (iii) Busy cities with interesting people (iv) Quiet places to think and create
This depends on personal interest. For example: I would prefer to explore dense forests and clear streams because I love nature and quiet adventure.
3. Which one of these activities would you prefer to do? (i) Climbing a mountain or exploring a jungle (ii) Finding a hidden treasure or discovering a secret world (iii) Solving puzzles or guessing riddles with friends (iv) Making something creative or building a model
Example answer: I would prefer climbing a mountain or exploring a jungle because it offers physical challenge and closeness to nature.
4. What do you think about teamwork? (i) I love leading the team. (ii) I enjoy working with others. (iii) I prefer sharing ideas with friends. (iv) I like working alone.
Example answer: I enjoy working with others because sharing ideas makes tasks easier and more enjoyable.
Based on your choices, which of the following do you think applies the best to you? Discuss with your classmates. • Bold Explorer • Imaginative Dreamer • Energetic Planner • Thoughtful Creator You may add to the list as per your choices.
Based on my choices above I am a Bold Explorer because I chose trying new activities, dense forests, climbing mountains and working with others. Students can discuss with classmates and see which category matches their combined answers.
Let us discuss
1. Suraj compares the train to a magical creature. Pick the phrases that convey the meaning.
Suraj describes the train as snorting and puffing like some green, black, and gold dragon, some beautiful monster out of his dreams, showering sparks left and right, and roaring a challenge to the jungle. These phrases compare the steam engine to a magical dragon-like creature.
2. Suraj knew that the train was close by because ____________________.
Suraj knew that the train was close by because he heard the shrill whistle of the engine in the distance and then a sound like distant thunder issuing from the tunnel.
3. What did Suraj see inside the tunnel?
Inside the tunnel Suraj saw nothing much at first because it was pitch dark and full of smoke. He noticed that the walls were damp and sticky, a bat flew past and a lizard scuttled between the lines.
4. Select the correct option. What does Sunder Singh convey about the tunnel? He says that ____________________ (it is damp and sticky inside/he has lent it to the Government).
He says that he has lent it to the Government. He jokingly claims it is truly his tunnel since no one else will have anything to do with it and he has only lent it to the Government.
5. The watchman has created a system through which he informs the locomotive driver about any danger in the tunnel. The following flow chart shows this system. Refer to the text and complete the flow chart. Walks the length of the tunnel -> (i) _________ -> (ii) _________ -> Goes to take a nap ; Walks the length of the tunnel -> (i) _________ -> Danger found -> (iv) _________ ; Walks the length of the tunnel -> Night -> No danger found -> (v) _________ ; Walks the length of the tunnel -> Night -> (iii) _________ -> Waves his lamp to warn the locomotive driver
(i) Day (ii) No danger found (iii) Danger found (iv) Walks back up the line and waves a red flag and the engine driver slows down (v) Hangs his lamp at the door of his hut and goes to sleep. In the day he waves a red flag if danger is found, at night he waves his lamp; if no danger he rests.
Let us discuss
1. Sunder Singh knew that the leopard was in the tunnel because ____________.
Sunder Singh knew that the leopard was in the tunnel because he heard a rhythmic sawing sound, like someone cutting through the branch of a tree, which he recognized as the leopard's call, and earlier he had noticed a padded footfall and rustle of dry leaves.
2. Why do you think Suraj was unable to do any shouting in the tunnel in the beginning? (i) He was afraid of the leopard. (ii) He didn’t want to disturb the leopard. (iii) He was trying to listen for the leopard. (iv) He didn’t really believe Sunder Singh.
(i) He was afraid of the leopard. His throat was quite dry with fear so he could not shout at first, even though he followed Sunder Singh into the tunnel.
3. What made the leopard disappear into the darkness?
The leopard disappeared because both Sunder Singh and Suraj shouted together at the top of their voices and their voices rang through the tunnel. Uncertain how many humans were there, the leopard turned swiftly and disappeared into the darkness.
4. How did Suraj know Sunder Singh was at the tunnel?
Almost a week later when Suraj was travelling on the night mail with his father, as the train approached the tunnel he strained his eyes in the darkness and saw Sunder Singh's lamp glowing near the cutting after the engine whistled, which told him his friend was there on duty.
5. Why did Suraj’s father take him along to Delhi?
Suraj's father took him to Delhi on a business trip because he felt Suraj was wandering away most of the time and it was time he learnt something about his business. He was also doing accounts and wanted his son to be more involved.
Let us think and reflect
I Read the following lines and answer the questions that follow. 1. Suraj had to turn and look back at the opening to reassure himself that there was still daylight outside. Ahead of him, the tunnel’s other opening was just a small round circle of light. The tunnel was still full of smoke from the train, but it would be several hours before another train came through. Till then, the cutting belonged to the jungle again. Suraj didn’t stop, because there was nothing to do in the tunnel and nothing to see. He had simply wanted to walk through, so that he would know what the inside of a tunnel was really like. (i) Write whether the following statement is true or false. Suraj looked back at the opening of the tunnel to check if the train was coming.
False. Suraj looked back to reassure himself that there was still daylight outside because it had become pitch dark inside after he had walked about twenty yards.
I 1. (ii) Choose the correct option to complete the sentence given below. Suraj did not stop anywhere in the tunnel because _____________. A. there was nothing to see in the tunnel B. the tunnel was damp and sticky C. he was in a hurry to get out of the tunnel D. it was time for another train to come
A. there was nothing to see in the tunnel. He had simply wanted to walk through to know what the inside of a tunnel was like and there was nothing to do inside.
I 1. (iii) What does the sentence ‘Till then, the cutting belonged to the jungle again’ mean?
It means that after the train had passed and until the next train came several hours later, the railway cutting was quiet and taken over again by the jungle's stillness, animals and natural sounds, with no human activity.
I 1. (iv) Suraj wanted to know the inside of the tunnel. What character trait of Suraj is highlighted here?
It highlights Suraj's curiosity, adventurous spirit and desire to explore and experience things firsthand.
I 2. “The train will soon be here,” said Suraj. “Yes, my friend. And if we don’t drive the leopard out of the tunnel, it will be run over and killed. I can’t let that happen.” “But won’t it attack us if we try to drive it out?” asked Suraj, beginning to share the watchman’s concern. “Not this leopard. It knows me well. We have seen each other many times. It has a weakness for goats and stray dogs, but it will not harm us. Even so, I’ll take my axe with me. You stay here, Suraj.” (i) What was the watchman’s concern?
The watchman's concern was that the leopard was crouching inside the tunnel and if it was not driven out before the night mail arrived, it would be run over and killed. He did not want the animal to die.
I 2. (ii) Complete the sentence with a suitable reason. Sunder Singh was sure that the leopard in the tunnel would not attack him and Suraj because _____________.
because the leopard knew him well, they had seen each other many times, it minds its own business and has a weakness only for goats and stray dogs, and would not harm humans.
I 2. (iii) Select the sentences that are true from those given below. A. Suraj wants to see the leopards in the jungle. B. Suraj is concerned about Sunder Singh’s safety. C. The leopard in the tunnel attacks goats and stray dogs. D. Sunder Singh wants to protect Suraj. E. Sunder Singh knows all about the animals in the jungle.
True sentences are B, C and D. B - Suraj asks if the leopard will attack them, showing concern for safety. C - Sunder Singh says it has a weakness for goats and stray dogs. D - He tells Suraj to stay behind and stay close, showing protectiveness. A and E are not supported by the extract.
I 2. (iv) Choose the correct option to complete the sentence. Sunder Singh decides to take his axe with him. This tells us that he was _____________. A. violent B. cautious C. bold D. afraid
B. cautious. Even though he believes the leopard will not harm them, he takes the axe as a precaution.
II Answer the following questions. 1. What does Sunder Singh convey by saying that he has lent his tunnel to the Government?
He conveys his sense of ownership, belonging and pride. He has looked after the tunnel for many years so he feels it is his, and the Government is only using it to run trains. It also shows his humorous and friendly nature.
II Answer the following questions. 2. According to Sunder Singh, “It is safer in the forest than in the town”. What example does Sunder Singh give to support his opinion? What does this tell us about him?
He says nothing happens to him in the jungle, but last month when he went into town he was almost run over by a bus. This shows he is at ease with jungle life, finds the town more dangerous and chaotic, and has adapted to forest life.
II Answer the following questions. 3. Sunder Singh has become part of the jungle life. Support the view with a suitable reason.
Sunder Singh lives near the tunnel hut with marigolds and a vegetable patch, knows the leopard's habits and the night sounds, maintains a routine of inspecting the tunnel and lighting his lamp, and understands animal behaviour, showing he is attuned to the forest rhythm.
II Answer the following questions. 4. Sunder Singh and Suraj form an unlikely friendship. What draws them together?
They are drawn together by curiosity, shared love for the train and the tunnel, and mutual respect. Suraj's eagerness to watch trains and explore and Sunder Singh's loneliness and willingness to share stories and tea create a warm bond despite the age difference.
II Answer the following questions. 5. Why is Sunder Singh referred to as a ‘firefly’?
Suraj later thinks of Sunder Singh as a firefly because his small oil lamp lights up the darkness for passing trains and animals. Like a firefly he remains a lonely, steady light in the forest cutting for thousands of travellers.
II Answer the following questions. 6. Do you think Suraj is an adventure-loving boy? Give reasons.
Yes, Suraj is adventure-loving. He cycles out of town through the jungle, waits alone to watch the steam engine roar out of the tunnel, walks through the pitch-dark tunnel out of curiosity, returns at night to see the night mail, and bravely follows the watchman into the tunnel to scare the leopard.
Let us learn
I Complete the following sentences using the suitable phrases from the text given in the box below. drifting smoke approaching engine sawing sound flickering lights 1. We could hear the ______________________ of the train long before it came into view at the station.
approaching engine
I Complete the following sentences using the suitable phrases from the text given in the box below. 2. The street was completely dark but the little boy walked to his house guided by the ______________________ from the houses.
flickering lights
I Complete the following sentences using the suitable phrases from the text given in the box below. 3. The ______________________ from the carpenter’s workshop grew louder every hour.
sawing sound
I Complete the following sentences using the suitable phrases from the text given in the box below. 4. From the balcony, she watched the ______________________ from her neighbour’s chimney float across the backyard.
drifting smoke
II The text has many ‘sound words’. Some of these words are given in Column 1 and their meanings are given in Column 2. Match the words with their meanings. Column 1 1. creaking Column 2 (ii) making a long low sound when a door or wooden object moves or is moved
1. creaking - (ii) making a long low sound when a door or wooden object moves or is moved
II The text has many ‘sound words’. Column 1 2. chatter Column 2 (iii) repeated series of short high sounds made by birds or monkeys
2. chatter - (iii) repeated series of short high sounds made by birds or monkeys
II The text has many ‘sound words’. Column 1 3. hissing Column 2 (i) making a noise like a long ‘s’ sound
3. hissing - (i) making a noise like a long ‘s’ sound
II The text has many ‘sound words’. Column 1 4. rustle Column 2 (v) a soft low, dry sound made by the movement of things such as leaves, paper, etc.
4. rustle - (v) a soft low, dry sound made by the movement of things such as leaves, paper, etc.
II The text has many ‘sound words’. Column 1 5. puffing Column 2 (iv) blowing with short, quick blasts, as the wind
5. puffing - (iv) blowing with short, quick blasts, as the wind
II Now, complete the sentences given below by filling in the blanks with the correct form of the sound words given in Column 1. 1. The steam engine reached the station __________________ black smoke into the sky.
puffing
II Now, complete the sentences given below by filling in the blanks with the correct form of the sound words given in Column 1. 2. Suddenly the snake raised its hood and made a __________________ noise.
hissing
II Now, complete the sentences given below by filling in the blanks with the correct form of the sound words given in Column 1. 3. When the wind blew, I heard the __________________ of the wooden roof.
creaking
II Now, complete the sentences given below by filling in the blanks with the correct form of the sound words given in Column 1. 4. He heard a __________________ of leaves behind him when he was walking in the woods.
rustle
II Now, complete the sentences given below by filling in the blanks with the correct form of the sound words given in Column 1. 5. I get disturbed by the continuous __________________ of the monkeys in the neighbourhood.
chatter
III Read what the watchman Sunder Singh did regularly at the tunnel as part of his duty. Notice the use of ‘would’. 1. Why is the word ‘would’ used here? (i) to make a polite request (ii) to express a desire (iii) to talk about a habit in the past
(iii) to talk about a habit in the past
III 2. Complete the sentences using the verb in brackets with the correct form of ‘used to’ or ‘would’. When I was a child we used to live in a village near a forest. Back then, we (i) _____________ (grow) vegetables in our back garden. Every day we (ii) _____________ (get up) early and go for a walk. The weather in summer (iii) _____________ (be) really nice. There was a lake near the house and we (iv) _____________ (go) there every Sunday for a picnic. Winters (v) _____________ (be) rather cold. In the evenings, my father (vi) _____________ (tell) us incredible stories and we (vii) _____________ (listen) with admiration.
(i) would grow / used to grow (ii) would get up (iii) used to be (iv) would go (v) used to be (vi) would tell (vii) would listen. Generally would is used for repeated actions and used to for past states that no longer continue; both are acceptable for habitual actions, but states like be take used to.
IV We use punctuation marks to make our writing clear. You already know how to use full stops and commas. Let us look at three more punctuation marks—brackets, semicolon, and colon. Now, use semicolons and colons to punctuate the following paragraph. We explored the busy by-lanes of Charminar, the heart of Hyderabad it was an exciting day. We wanted to do a few things buy bangles, taste biryani, and purchase pearl earrings, which are special to this area. As we walked through the lanes, we saw stalls selling spices, clothes, and jewellery the market was full of colours. We visited some famous spots Charminar, Golconda Fort, Salar Jung Museum, and Chowmahalla Palace each place was beautiful.
We explored the busy by-lanes of Charminar, the heart of Hyderabad; it was an exciting day. We wanted to do a few things: buy bangles, taste biryani, and purchase pearl earrings, which are special to this area. As we walked through the lanes, we saw stalls selling spices, clothes, and jewellery; the market was full of colours. We visited some famous spots: Charminar, Golconda Fort, Salar Jung Museum, and Chowmahalla Palace; each place was beautiful.
Let us listen
Listen to the audio recording and as you listen, mark your map with the route to take to find the treasure. To help you, the names of a few rooms in the museum are given below. Now listen to the audio and mark the various rooms. library auditorium weapon room art gallery musical instruments hall
Route as per transcript: Start at the Entrance Hall. To the right is the library. Go straight to the Art Gallery. From Art Gallery, first door on the left leads to Decorative Art Gallery, third door on the right leads to Weapons Room, then take a left turn to Musical Instruments Section, second room to the left in this gallery leads to the Auditorium where the treasure is hidden.
Let us speak
Anju is going on a trekking trip with her family during the summer vacation. They have reached the railway station. Anju calls the tour manager for directions to the trekking site. Work in pairs and have this conversation. Student A will play the role of Anju and mark the route on the map given below. Student B will play the role of the tour manager. Looking at the map, give directions to reach the trekking site from the railway station. You may use phrases like the ones in the box to help you.
Sample dialogue: Anju: Hello, we have reached the Railway Station, how do we reach the Trekking Site? Manager: Go straight from the station, you will see the School on your left and Lassi Corner ahead. Keep going straight till you reach the Museum, then take the next right, pass the Lake and Bird Sanctuary and the Trekking Site will be in front of you. Anju: Thank you, we will follow the route. Students should practise giving and following directions using phrases like turn left, turn right, keep going straight, take the next left.
Let us write
Write a descriptive paragraph about your experience of a train journey. Describe the sights, sounds, and feelings you experienced during the journey. Include details about the people around you, the scenery outside, and the atmosphere inside the train to make your paragraph vivid and engaging. You may use the following guidelines to help you create the paragraph. • Start with how the journey began: boarding the train, finding your seat, and the initial impressions. • Describe the sounds: the whistle of the train, the chatter of passengers, and the rhythmic clatter of wheels on the tracks. • Mention the sights: the changing scenery outside the window, the hustle and bustle inside the train, and any interesting moments. • Reflect on your feelings: Were you excited, relaxed, or curious? How did the journey make you feel overall?
Sample paragraph: I boarded the train early in the morning with my family and quickly found my window seat. At first the platform was noisy with hawkers and announcements. As the engine gave a shrill whistle, the train began to move with a rhythmic clatter on the tracks. Inside, passengers chatted, children peered out, and tea sellers moved through the aisle. Outside, the city gave way to green fields, rivers and small villages with flickering lights. I felt excited and relaxed at the same time, enjoying the gentle breeze and the changing landscape, and the journey left me with happy memories of travel.
Let us explore
I The Nation’s pride Atal Tunnel is 9.02 kilometres long. It runs under the Rohtang Pass. It was constructed on the Manali–Leh Highway under the challenging conditions of freezing temperatures in extremely difficult terrain. The Atal Tunnel has officially been certified by World Book of Records as the ‘World’s Longest Highway Tunnel above 10,000 Feet’!
This is an information note. Students can note that Atal Tunnel is 9.02 km long under Rohtang Pass on the Manali-Leh Highway and is the world's longest highway tunnel above 10,000 feet, built in freezing difficult terrain.
II The history of Indian Railways spans over 165 years. On 16 April 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bori Bunder (Mumbai) and Thane, covering 34 kilometres. It was operated by three locomotives named Sahib, Sultan, and Sindh and had thirteen carriages. In 1864, the North received its first station, Delhi Junction, near Chandni Chowk. You may refer to the given link to know more about Indian Railways.
Students can explore that Indian Railways started on 16 April 1853 with the first train from Bori Bunder to Thane covering 34 km with engines Sahib, Sultan and Sindh and 13 carriages, and Delhi Junction opened in 1864. They can view the linked story for more details.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I Complete the following word web on travel. Modes of Transport bus, Travel Reasons for Travel work, Adventure Activities exploring, Feelings joy, Destinations riverside, Challenges bad weather,
Sample completion: Modes of Transport: bus, train, car, aeroplane, ship; Reasons for Travel: work, education, vacation, family visit; Adventure Activities: exploring, trekking, camping, river rafting, paragliding; Feelings: joy, excitement, curiosity, thrill; Destinations: riverside, mountains, beaches, historical places; Challenges: bad weather, getting lost, language barrier, tiredness.
II You are going on a trip to an adventure camp with your classmates and teacher. 1. How will you travel to the adventure camp? 2. What things will you take along? 3. Why would you like to go there? 4. What are the activities you would like to do with your friends? 5. How much time will it take to complete your adventure trip?
1. We will travel by school bus. 2. I will take clothes, shoes, water bottle, cap, torch, first-aid box, and snacks. 3. I would like to go to learn new skills, enjoy nature and bond with friends. 4. I would like to do trekking, zip-lining, camping and nature walks with friends. 5. It will take about three days to complete the adventure trip.
III Discuss in pairs. What might be the reasons that people enjoy train journeys?
People enjoy train journeys because they are comfortable and affordable, allow viewing scenic landscapes through windows, provide time to relax, chat with co-passengers, enjoy rhythmic sounds and experience the romance of travel without traffic worries.
Let us discuss
I The main ideas of each stanza of the poem are given below. Write the number of the stanza against the matching main idea. 1. At night, the speaker imagines the train and hears its engine in the quiet. 2. The speaker feels a strong desire to take any train, no matter where it goes. 3. The speaker hears the train whistle during the day, even though the train is far away.
3 matches Stanza 1, 1 matches Stanza 2, 2 matches Stanza 3. So: 3 -> Stanza (i), 1 -> Stanza (ii), 2 -> Stanza (iii)
II Read the poem and underline the rhyming words in each stanza. Write the rhyming words from each stanza. An example has been done for you. 1. Stanza (i): away-day; 2. Stanza (ii): 3. Stanza (iii):
Stanza (i): away - day, speaking - shrieking; Stanza (ii): by - sky, dreaming - steaming; Stanza (iii): make - take, knowing - going. The poem rhymes the 2nd and 4th lines in each stanza strongly, with near rhymes in 1st and 3rd.
III Identify the rhyme scheme of the poem from the options given below. 1. AABB 2. ABCA 3. ABAB 4. ABBC
The rhyme scheme is ABAB. In each quatrain, lines 1 and 3 share one sound and lines 2 and 4 share another, for example away (A) speaking (B) day (A) shrieking (B).
IV Identify the word in the poem that personifies the whistle of the train.
The word is shrieking. It gives the whistle a human quality of crying out loudly.
V Tone refers to the attitude the poet has about the poem. Which of these words can be used to describe the poet’s tone in this poem? serious excited curious worried thoughtful content enthusiastic critical joyful
The tone can be described as thoughtful, wistful, enthusiastic, joyful and content with a curious fascination for trains. The speaker is warmly reflective yet longing for travel.
VI Select the words that tell us what the train symbolises for the poet. 1. education 2. adventure 3. comfort 4. opportunities
The train symbolises adventure and opportunities, and to some extent comfort of dreaming. The best choices are adventure and opportunities.
VII Complete the following by choosing the correct option from those given in brackets. The poet repeats the line, ‘...there isn’t a train goes by,’ in all three stanzas to _______. (highlight the speaker’s fascination with the train/suggest that the area has many trains passing through)
highlight the speaker's fascination with the train
VIII The poem contrasts the busy day with the stillness of the night. What is the common factor in these?
The common factor is that in both day and night the speaker constantly senses the train, hearing its whistle by day and imagining its cinders and engine by night, showing the train is always on her mind.
IX Imagery is a literary device that uses descriptive language to create mental pictures and appeal to the reader’s senses (sight, sound, smell, taste and touch). It makes the descriptions more relatable. Select the phrases from the poem that are examples of imagery. One example is given: day is loud.
Examples of imagery are: whistle shrieking (sound), cinders red on the sky (sight), engine steaming (sight and sound), heart is warm (touch/feeling), day is loud (sound). These appeal to sight, sound and feeling.
Let us think and reflect
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. 1. My heart is warm with the friends I make, And better friends I’ll not be knowing... (i) Choose the suitable option to complete the following. The line ‘My heart is warm’ refers to a heart that is ___. A. filled with worries B. full of love C. feeling upset D. experiencing anger
B. full of love
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. (ii) What does the speaker say about her current friends?
The speaker says her heart is warm with the friends she makes and that she will not know better friends than the ones she already has, showing deep affection and satisfaction.
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. (iii) What does the line ‘better friends I’ll not be knowing’ suggest about the speaker’s feelings toward their current friends?
It suggests she is content, grateful and loving towards her current friends and feels they are the best she could have.
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. (iv) Complete the following suitably. The tone of the speaker in these lines is ______. (grateful/content)
grateful and content. Both words apply, the speaker expresses gratitude and contentment.
II Answer the following questions. 1. What does the phrase ‘cinders red on the sky’ tell us about the train at night?
It tells us that at night the sparks and cinders from the steam engine glow red against the dark sky, making the passing train visible even when the speaker cannot see the train itself clearly, suggesting its power and presence.
II Answer the following questions. 2. What is the significance of the repeated references to the train’s whistle?
The repeated whistle emphasizes the speaker's constant awareness and fascination with the train. Even when far away, its sound cuts through the noise of day and silence of night, symbolising longing and the call of travel.
II Answer the following questions. 3. What does the line ‘no matter where it’s going’ reveal about the speaker’s attitude towards travel?
It reveals a strong wanderlust and adventurous spirit. The speaker is so eager to travel that the destination does not matter; the journey itself and the experience of going anywhere is appealing.
II Answer the following questions. 4. Do you think the poet actually sees and hears the train? Why or why not?
No, not literally. The speaker says the track is miles away and there isn't a train going by, yet she hears and sees it in her imagination. It is the vivid imagination and longing that makes her sense the train even in its absence.
Let us learn
I Read the expressions from the poem given in Column 1 and match them with what they indicate in Column 2. Column 1 1. miles away Column 2 (v) The distance of the train from the speaker
1. miles away - (v) The distance of the train from the speaker
I Read the expressions from the poem given in Column 1 and match them with what they indicate in Column 2. Column 1 2. cinders red Column 2 (iv) The glow of the train’s sparks lighting up the night sky
2. cinders red - (iv) The glow of the train's sparks lighting up the night sky
I Read the expressions from the poem given in Column 1 and match them with what they indicate in Column 2. Column 1 3. heart is warm Column 2 (i) The speaker’s affection for their friends
3. heart is warm - (i) The speaker's affection for their friends
I Read the expressions from the poem given in Column 1 and match them with what they indicate in Column 2. Column 1 4. day is loud Column 2 (iii) The busy and noisy atmosphere during the day
4. day is loud - (iii) The busy and noisy atmosphere during the day
I Read the expressions from the poem given in Column 1 and match them with what they indicate in Column 2. Column 1 5. engine steaming Column 2 (ii) The fast and powerful movement of the train
5. engine steaming - (ii) The fast and powerful movement of the train
I Now, use the expressions in Column 1 to fill in the following blanks correctly. 1. After meeting her old friend, her ______ with the joy of rekindled memories.
heart is warm
I Now, use the expressions in Column 1 to fill in the following blanks correctly. 2. As I arrived at the railway station I could hear the ______.
engine steaming
I Now, use the expressions in Column 1 to fill in the following blanks correctly. 3. The marketplace is bustling, and the ______ with the chatter of shoppers and vendors.
day is loud
I Now, use the expressions in Column 1 to fill in the following blanks correctly. 4. The bonfire glowed brightly, throwing ______ into the dark night sky.
cinders red
I Now, use the expressions in Column 1 to fill in the following blanks correctly. 5. The sound of a train could still be heard _____ as the evening grew quiet.
miles away
II The poet uses the word ‘shrieking’ to tell us about the sound of the train’s whistle. There are other words that tell us about different types of related sounds. Read the meanings of such words in Column 1 and match them with the words in Column 2. Column 1 1. shouting loudly, often in anger or excitement Column 2 (iv) yelling
1. shouting loudly, often in anger or excitement - (iv) yelling
II Read the meanings of such words in Column 1 and match them with the words in Column 2. Column 1 2. crying out in fear or excitement Column 2 (vii) screaming
2. crying out in fear or excitement - (vii) screaming
II Read the meanings of such words in Column 1 and match them with the words in Column 2. Column 1 3. crying loudly with grief or sorrow Column 2 (i) wailing
3. crying loudly with grief or sorrow - (i) wailing
II Read the meanings of such words in Column 1 and match them with the words in Column 2. Column 1 4. making a high-pitched, piercing sound Column 2 (iii) screeching
4. making a high-pitched, piercing sound - (iii) screeching
II Read the meanings of such words in Column 1 and match them with the words in Column 2. Column 1 5. calling out loudly, often in a casual or informal way Column 2 (ii) hollering
5. calling out loudly, often in a casual or informal way - (ii) hollering
II Read the meanings of such words in Column 1 and match them with the words in Column 2. Column 1 6. crying softly in a low, broken voice Column 2 (v) whimpering
6. crying softly in a low, broken voice - (v) whimpering
II Read the meanings of such words in Column 1 and match them with the words in Column 2. Column 1 7. crying loudly and uncontrollably Column 2 (vi) bawling
7. crying loudly and uncontrollably - (vi) bawling
II Now, complete the following paragraph by using suitable words from Column 2. The street was filled with a variety of sounds. A shopkeeper was 1. ______ to attract customers, while a child nearby was 2. _______ at his friend to wait for him. From the other side of the road, a toddler was 3. ________ uncontrollably after dropping his ice cream, and his mother tried to calm him as he began 4. _________ softly. In the background, someone’s loud 5. _________ voice added to the bustling noise of the busy evening.
1. hollering 2. yelling / screaming 3. bawling 4. whimpering 5. wailing / screeching. Sample: 1 hollering, 2 yelling, 3 bawling, 4 whimpering, 5 screaming.
Let us listen
I Listen to this announcement made in the morning assembly about a school trip to the National Science Centre. As you listen, circle the information that is not correct. 1. The trip to the National Science Centre is organised on 15 September.
Not correct - The trip is on 16 September, not 15 September.
I Listen to this announcement made in the morning assembly about a school trip to the National Science Centre. 2. Students will start from school at 8.00 in the morning and return by 5.00 in the evening.
Not correct - They will return by 5.30 in the evening, not 5.00.
I Listen to this announcement made in the morning assembly about a school trip to the National Science Centre. 3. Refreshment will not be provided during the trip.
Not correct - Light refreshments will be provided at the museum.
I Listen to this announcement made in the morning assembly about a school trip to the National Science Centre. 4. Students are permitted to carry a phone, a notebook, and a pen.
Not correct - They are not permitted to carry mobile phones or wear jewellery; they may carry a notebook and a pen.
I Listen to this announcement made in the morning assembly about a school trip to the National Science Centre. 5. The permission slip is to be signed by the class teacher.
Not correct - The permission slip is to be signed by the parent.
I Listen to this announcement made in the morning assembly about a school trip to the National Science Centre. 6. The permission slip is to be submitted to your class teacher by 10 September.
Correct - The slip is to be submitted to the class teacher by 10 September.
I Listen to this announcement made in the morning assembly about a school trip to the National Science Centre. 7. Mr. Mukherjee is the Adventure Club in-charge.
Not correct - Mr. Mukherjee is the excursion in-charge, not Adventure Club in-charge.
II Now, listen to the announcement again and rectify the sentences.
Rectified sentences: 1. The trip is on 16 September. 2. Return time is 5.30 pm. 3. Light refreshments will be provided, but carry water bottle and packed lunch. 4. Do not carry mobile phones or jewellery; notebook and pen are allowed. 5. Permission slip must be signed by parent. 7. Contact Mr. Mukherjee, the excursion in-charge.
Let us speak
When speaking in English, small differences in pronunciation can change the overall meaning of the words. One such difference is in the pronunciation of the consonant ‘c’. Work in pairs. Pronounce the given words aloud. Keep the rules of the soft and hard ‘c’ pronunciation in mind. cell cable race cake decide receive concert circle bicycle echo uncle
Soft c (/s/) before e,i,y: cell, race, decide, receive, circle, bicycle, concert (c before e = soft). Hard c (/k/) before a,o,u or consonant: cable, cake, echo, uncle, concert (second c). Practice saying: cell (/s/), cable (/k/), race (/s/), cake (/k/), decide (/s/), receive (/s/), concert (/k/ and /s/), circle (/s/), bicycle (/s/ and /k/), echo (/k/), uncle (/k/).
Let us write
I A diamante poem is a poem that is shaped like a diamond, which uses specific types of words like adjectives and –ing words. Let us now write a diamante poem that connects ‘reading’ and ‘adventure’. Reading the first topic ___________, ___________ two adjectives about reading ___________, ___________, ___________ three -ing words about reading _____________________________________ four nouns or a short phrase linking your topics ___________, ___________, ___________ three -ing words about adventure ___________, ___________ two adjectives about adventure Adventure the second topic Share your poem with your classmates and the teacher.
Sample diamante poem: Reading Quiet, curious Learning, imagining, exploring Books, ideas, journeys, dreams Climbing, discovering, soaring Thrilling, daring Adventure
II We come across many interesting characters while travelling. They become interesting because of their actions, their behaviour, and manner of speaking. Describe one such character that you met. Follow these steps. 1. Choose the character. 2. Create a first draft of your description including the following details. (i) What is the name of the character? (ii) What does the character look like? (iii) What does the character do? (iv) What kind of person is she or he? (v) Include any line or incident from the text that you like the most. 3. Check your description for any spelling mistakes or errors. 4. Show your classmates your work and ask for suggestions. 5. Rewrite your description including all the changes and suggestions for improvement.
Sample description: I found Sunder Singh from The Tunnel very interesting. He is an old watchman with a weathered face, wearing simple clothes and guarding the tunnel near his small hut with marigolds. His duty is to inspect the tunnel and signal danger. He is gentle, courageous, humorous and deeply connected to the jungle. He cares for the leopard and treats it as his own. My favourite line is when he says he has lent his tunnel to the Government, which shows his pride and humour. I also liked how he called the leopard his leopard and protected it despite risk.
Let us explore
I The Mountain Railways of India are outstanding examples of hill railways and they are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Mountain Railways of India. These three railways are the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and the Kalka–Shimla Railway. The Matheran Hill Railway and Kangra Valley Railway are on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. They are still fully operational as living examples of the ingenious engineering enterprise of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The owner of the three properties is the Railway Ministry of the Indian Government. In groups of four, find out more about these heritage trains and make a presentation in the class.
Students can research the three UNESCO Mountain Railways - Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (Toy Train), Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and Kalka-Shimla Railway - their history, route, engineering and current operation, plus tentative sites Matheran and Kangra Valley, and present with pictures and maps.
II As an excellent example of the ‘Make in India’ success story, the Indian Railways launched India’s first indigenous semi-high-speed train, Vande Bharat Express. It has become a symbol of India’s aspirations for modern, efficient, and comfortable rail travel. The first Vande Bharat Express train was flagged off on 15 February 2019, on the New Delhi–Kanpur–Allahabad–Varanasi route, running at a speed of 160 kilometres per hour. In groups of four, find out more about these heritage trains and make a presentation in the class.
Students can collect information on Vande Bharat Express - launched 15 February 2019 on New Delhi-Varanasi route, speed up to 160 km per hour, indigenous semi-high-speed, modern facilities - and present its features and importance for Make in India.
III Some of the underwater rail tunnels are the Thames Tunnel in London, the Seikan Tunnel in Japan and the Channel Tunnel between England and France. India’s first underwater metro route in Kolkata started in March 2024. A part of this special metro line runs beneath the Hooghly River.
Students can note famous underwater tunnels - Thames, Seikan, Channel Tunnel - and India's first underwater metro in Kolkata under the Hooghly River started March 2024, and discuss how engineering makes such tunnels possible.
IV Which of these trains do you think would be adventurous to travel in ? Discuss among yourselves.
Most students find the Mountain Railways most adventurous for their scenic hill routes and toy train experience, while Vande Bharat is exciting for speed and modern comfort, and underwater metro is thrilling for travelling under a river.
Let us do these activities before we read.
I Identify the activities represented by the icons given below. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.
The icons likely show adventure activities such as mountaineering, rock climbing, trekking, camping, river rafting, paragliding, skiing, and cycling. Students should name each icon.
II Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1. Why do you think people undertake the activities identified above? 2. How would they prepare for these activities? 3. Which one of them do you find the most exciting? Why? Share your answers with the teacher.
1. People undertake them for thrill, fitness, challenge, love of nature and to overcome fear. 2. They prepare through physical training, learning techniques, gathering proper equipment, and guidance from trainers. 3. Example: I find mountaineering most exciting because reaching a summit gives a great sense of achievement and beautiful views.
III Work in pairs to complete the word web given below. Share the answers with the teacher. Qualities of a mountaineer
Qualities of a mountaineer: courageous, determined, patient, physically fit, resilient, disciplined, team spirit, positive mindset, adaptability, respect for nature.
Let us discuss
I Read the statements given below and explain each statement in your words. 1. Arunima Sinha is considered a beacon of hope and resilience.
Arunima inspires others because despite losing her leg in a train accident she did not give up but recovered, trained hard and climbed Everest, showing that hope and strength can overcome great adversity.
I Read the statements given below and explain each statement in your words. 2. Arunima decided to climb Mount Everest despite losing her leg.
Even after amputation and using a prosthetic leg, Arunima set the huge goal of climbing the world's highest peak to prove that disability cannot stop determination, and she worked to achieve it.
I Read the statements given below and explain each statement in your words. 3. Bachendri Pal’s guidance was crucial in Arunima’s journey to the summit of Mount Everest.
Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman to climb Everest, trained and encouraged Arunima, instilled confidence and told her she had already conquered the Everest within, which motivated her to succeed.
I Read the statements given below and explain each statement in your words. 4. Arunima’s achievements go beyond just physical endurance.
Her journey shows mental fortitude, positive mindset, willpower and dedication, not just bodily strength, as she overcame trauma, pain and challenges to achieve her goals.
I Read the statements given below and explain each statement in your words. 5. Arunima’s autobiography inspires readers around the world.
Her book Born Again on the Mountain tells her story of losing everything and finding it again, motivating readers to stay hopeful, set worthy goals and work hard despite setbacks.
Let us think and reflect
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Bachendri Pal instilled confidence in Arunima and said, “My child, you decided to climb Mount Everest in these situations with a prosthetic leg—you have conquered the Everest within you; the world will realise it later.” On 21 May 2013, after 52 exhausting days, Arunima Sinha reached the summit of Mount Everest. Standing at the top of the world, she felt a surge of emotions—pride, relief, and an overwhelming sense of achievement. 1. Complete the sentence with a suitable reason. Bachendri Pal said that Arunima had conquered the Everest within her because ___________________.
because Arunima showed immense courage and determination to decide to climb Everest with a prosthetic leg despite her disability and difficult circumstances, which is the hardest inner Everest to conquer.
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. How might Arunima have felt after what Bachendri Pal told her?
She would have felt encouraged, confident, motivated and emotionally strengthened, believing that her inner resolve was already a victory and that she could achieve the outer summit too.
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. 3. Choose a phrase from the extract which shows that reaching the summit of Mount Everest was tiring.
The phrase 52 exhausting days shows that reaching the summit was very tiring.
I Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. 4. Select the correct option to complete the sentence. After her success when Arunima felt ‘an overwhelming sense of achievement’, she would have most likely said, “___________________.” (i) I am confident of my abilities (ii) I will accomplish this soon (iii) I am excited to begin this climb (iv) I finally realised my dream
(iv) I finally realised my dream
II Answer the following questions. 1. What did Arunima do in order to fulfill her ambition of conquering Mount Everest?
She completed a basic mountaineering course at the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering in Uttarkashi, underwent eighteen months of rigorous training, and sought guidance from Bachendri Pal before attempting the 52-day expedition to the summit on 21 May 2013.
II Answer the following questions. 2. Arunima is a beacon of hope and resilience. Support this statement with evidence from the text.
After a life-altering train accident and leg amputation in 2011 at age 24, she made a vow to climb Everest with a prosthetic leg, trained hard, became the first Indian female amputee to summit Everest in 2013, later completed all Seven Summits including Mount Vinson in Antarctica, and received Padma Shri and other honours, inspiring many.
II Answer the following questions. 3. Arunima’s autobiography is titled Born Again on the Mountain: A Story of Losing Everything and Finding It Back. Why do you think this title is appropriate?
The title is appropriate because after the accident she lost her leg and career, felt she lost everything, but by climbing Everest she found new purpose, identity and strength, symbolically being born again on the mountain.
II Answer the following questions. 4. Arunima says, “Failure is when we don’t have goals worthy enough.” What would be the most likely impact of this statement on readers?
It encourages readers to set high, worthy goals, respect them and work hard, teaching that lack of ambition is true failure and motivating them to be determined and positive in life.
Let us learn
I Read the underlined phrases in sentences (i)–(v) and match them with their appropriate meanings given in the box below. 1. genuine, sincere efforts 2. strength of mind 3. periods of time filled with tiring and demanding activities 4. an incident or experience that significantly changes a person’s life 5. a source of inspiration or encouragement (i) Nisha was relieved when the final match was over after several exhausting days of practice.
(i) - 3. periods of time filled with tiring and demanding activities
I Read the underlined phrases in sentences (i)–(v) and match them with their appropriate meanings. (ii) Despite several failures, her heartfelt attempts to learn the guitar showed her determination and passion for music.
(ii) - 1. genuine, sincere efforts
I Read the underlined phrases in sentences (i)–(v) and match them with their appropriate meanings. (iii) Moving to a new city was a life-altering event for Jagan, as it gave him the chance to make new friends and try different activities.
(iii) - 4. an incident or experience that significantly changes a person's life
I Read the underlined phrases in sentences (i)–(v) and match them with their appropriate meanings. (iv) Competing in the marathon requires not just physical strength but also mental fortitude to stay focused and finish the race.
(iv) - 2. strength of mind
I Read the underlined phrases in sentences (i)–(v) and match them with their appropriate meanings. (v) The lighthouse served as a beacon of hope for the sailors lost at sea.
(v) - 5. a source of inspiration or encouragement
II Complete the following table by filling in the gaps with correct parts of speech mentioned. An example has been done for you. Nouns Adjectives Verbs (present) Adverbs determination determined determine determinedly relief relievedly inspiring inspire resistance resistantly success successful
Completed table: determination - determined - determine - determinedly; relief - relieved - relieve - relievedly; inspiration - inspiring - inspire - inspiringly; resistance - resistant - resist - resistantly; success - successful - succeed - successfully
III Study the highlighted words in the following sentences from the text. The highlighted words are articles. ‘A’ and ‘an’ are indefinite articles; ‘the’ is the definite article. 1. Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘the’. Put an ‘x’ where no article is required. We planned (i) _______ adventurous trip to (ii) _______ remote island. (iii) _______ island was known for its beautiful landscapes and (iv) _______ diverse wildlife. On (v) _______ first day, we set out to explore (vi) _______ island’s dense jungle. (vii) _______ guide led us through (viii) _______ thick foliage and showed us (ix) _______ hidden waterfall. In (x) _______ evening, we gathered around (xi) _______ campfire to share stories and enjoy (xii) _______ meal we cooked. (xiii) _______ experience was truly unforgettable, and we felt (xiv) _______ connection with (xv) _______ nature.
(i) an (ii) a (iii) The (iv) x / its (v) the (vi) the (vii) The (viii) the (ix) a (x) the (xi) a (xii) the (xiii) The (xiv) a (xv) x
III 2. There is an error in each sentence that has been underlined. Correct the error in the following sentences. (i) We waited for a hour before the bus finally arrived.
We waited for an hour before the bus finally arrived.
III 2. There is an error in each sentence that has been underlined. Correct the error in the following sentences. (ii) The guide insisted on an uniform jacket for the group’s safety during the trek.
The guide insisted on a uniform jacket for the group's safety during the trek.
III 2. There is an error in each sentence that has been underlined. Correct the error in the following sentences. (iii) Mount K2 is a second highest peak in the world.
Mount K2 is the second highest peak in the world.
III 2. There is an error in each sentence that has been underlined. Correct the error in the following sentences. (iv) A Ganga is a sacred river in India, known for its cultural importance.
The Ganga is a sacred river in India, known for its cultural importance.
III 2. There is an error in each sentence that has been underlined. Correct the error in the following sentences. (v) Challenges are faced with courage and determination by a brave.
Challenges are faced with courage and determination by the brave.
III 2. There is an error in each sentence that has been underlined. Correct the error in the following sentences. (vi) A North Star has guided travellers for centuries.
The North Star has guided travellers for centuries.
Let us listen
You will listen to five speakers share their opinion about adventure sports. As you listen match the statements 1–8 with the speakers (i)–(v). There are three extra statements that you do not need. 1. Talks about having basic activities in adventure sports 2. Finds adventure sports thrilling and exciting 3. Praises the availability of a variety of activities 4. Expresses concern about the risks in adventure sports 5. Promotes trekking as a casual sport 6. Invites applications from first-timers 7. Focuses on the availability of training and supervision 8. Finds exposure to risks unnecessary
Speaker (i) - 4. Expresses concern about the risks in adventure sports; Speaker (ii) - 2. Finds adventure sports thrilling and exciting; Speaker (iii) - 7. Focuses on the availability of training and supervision; Speaker (iv) - 1. Talks about having basic activities in adventure sports; Speaker (v) - 8. Finds exposure to risks unnecessary. Statements 3,5,6 are extra.
Let us speak
In groups of four, select a role from 1–4 given below and speak about the views allotted to each. Use the prompts and vocabulary given. Take turns to express your opinions, agreement, and disagreement. Role-Specific Prompts 1. School Student: Talk about why you think Physical Education should be included in school activities. 2. Parent: Discuss your concerns or support for your child participating in Physical Education activities. 3. Physical Education Teacher: Share your experiences about Physical Education activities and why you think they are valuable. 4. Sports Camp Organiser: Explain how you ensure safety and why you believe sports are beneficial for participants. Prompts • In my opinion... • I believe that... • From my point of view... • I disagree with... • One reason for this is... • I agree with the idea that... • I disagree with the notion that... • I support this perspective because... • I find it hard to agree because... Vocabulary you may use precautions unique experiences fun safe enjoyable thrilling builds confidence concern explore overcome fear participate
Sample interaction: Student: In my opinion Physical Education should be included because it keeps us fit and builds confidence. Parent: From my point of view I support it but I have concern about safety precautions. Teacher: I believe PE is valuable because students explore unique experiences and learn teamwork in a safe enjoyable way. Organiser: I agree, we ensure safety through training and supervision so participants can overcome fear and participate thrillingly.
Let us write
Read the various components of a formal letter from the box given below. complimentary close receiver’s address subject date introduction statement of request expression of interest salutation signature line sender’s address 1. Now, read the letter given below and write the matching components. Sender’s Address Date Receiver’s Address _________School Subject: Request to join Adventure Club Madam/Sir, I am Sreelakshmi, a student of Grade 7-C. I am interested in adventure activities like trekking, hiking, rope climbing, and exploring sites of natural beauty. I would love to be a part of the Adventure Club of the school and participate in the adventure activities organised. I request you to grant me permission to join the club. Yours sincerely, Sreelakshmi
Matching components: Sender's Address - Sreelakshmi's address (top), Date - date of writing, Receiver's Address - The Principal, _________ School, Subject - Request to join Adventure Club, Salutation - Madam/Sir, Introduction - I am Sreelakshmi, a student of Grade 7-C., Expression of interest - I am interested in adventure activities... and I would love to be a part of the Adventure Club..., Statement of request - I request you to grant me permission to join the club., Complimentary close - Yours sincerely, Signature line - Sreelakshmi
2. Write a letter to the Principal of your school requesting her to organise an excursion to a nearby hill station for Grade 7 students of your school.
Sample letter: Sender's Address: 123 Green Avenue, [City] Date: 8 August 2026 Receiver's Address: The Principal, [School Name], [City] Subject: Request to organise an excursion to a hill station Respected Madam, I am [Name], a student of Grade 7-B. I am writing to request you to organise an excursion to a nearby hill station for Grade 7 students. Such a trip would help us learn about nature, geography and develop teamwork through trekking and outdoor activities. It would be both educational and refreshing after examinations. I request you to consider our request and grant permission. Thanking you. Yours sincerely, [Name] Grade 7-B
Let us explore
I Find out more information about the following adventure sports in our country and complete the table given below. Name Area Preferred Time of the Year Equipment Required snow skiing snow-covered hills skis, ski suit, trekking Spring, Autumn, Winter pole camping grassy areas tent, torch, river rafting all year round scuba diving scuba suit, mask, fins,
Sample completed table: Snow skiing - snow-covered hills (e.g., Gulmarg) - Winter - skis, ski suit, goggles, poles; Trekking - mountains/hills - Spring, Autumn, Winter - pole, trekking shoes, backpack, water bottle; Camping - grassy areas/forests - Winter and Spring - tent, torch, sleeping bag, mat; River rafting - rivers (Rishikesh) - all year round but best summer/monsoon - raft, life jacket, helmet, paddle; Scuba diving - sea coasts (Andaman) - all year round - scuba suit, mask, fins, oxygen cylinder.
II Prepare an information booklet with fact sheets of five Indian mountaineers. Include the following information in the fact sheet. 1. name (and photograph, if available) 2. place of birth 5. training received 3. profession 6. sport known for (if any) 4. accomplishments—awards or honours
Sample hint: Students can prepare fact sheets for Bachendri Pal (first Indian woman on Everest, Padma Shri), Arunima Sinha (first female amputee on Everest), Tenzing Norgay (first Everest summit with Hillary), Santosh Yadav (first woman to climb Everest twice), and Avtar Singh Cheema (first Indian on Everest). Include birth place, profession, training at Nehru Institute of Mountaineering and awards like Padma Shri, Arjuna Award.