Checked 14 October 2026. From the SQE1 Assessment Specification (applicable for assessments from 1 September 2026, updated August 2026), its Annex 4 blueprint and the FLK1 specification, read live on 14 October 2026. The SRA reviews the specification every year; check the live pages before a sitting later than January 2027.
FLK1, the first of the two SQE1 papers, covers six subject areas, and the SRA does not weight them by a fixed number of questions. It publishes a percentage range for each: 14–20% of the paper for Business Law and Practice, Dispute Resolution, Contract Law, Tort and Legal System, and 12–16% for Legal Services. Ethics has no slice of its own; it runs through all six. This guide quotes the ranges from the SQE1 Assessment Specification, turns them into questions for a 170-question paper (our arithmetic, labelled), sets out what each subject area contains, and lists the format rules that sit beside the weighting: five options, closed book, and the law cut-off date. Every SQE and SRA page cited here was read on 14 October 2026, as the live page stood that day. ProSyllabus is an independent study site. We are not affiliated with, or endorsed by, the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) or Kaplan, which delivers the SQE for the SRA; every rule below is quoted or summarised from their published pages, and the SRA decides every application.
SQE1 Assessment Specification, Annex 4 (Functioning Legal Knowledge blueprint), read 14 October 2026.
Where other pages get this wrong
FLK1 has no fixed number of questions per subject. The SRA publishes a range for each subject area, and the paper is 170 questions from January 2027.
Commonly published instead: A single fixed share or question count for each FLK1 subject, on a paper of 180 questions with 90 in each session.
Annex 4 of the specification gives ranges: 14–20% for five subject areas and 12–16% for Legal Services. The minimums add up to 82% and the maximums to 116% (our sums), so no paper can sit at the bottom or the top of every range at once. The 180-question paper ended with the July 2026 sitting: the SQE website says that for assessments taken on or after January 2027 each FLK has 170 questions, not 180.
The six FLK1 subject areas
The specification lists them as: “(1) Business Law and Practice; (2) Dispute Resolution; (3) Contract Law; (4) Tort; (5) Legal System of England and Wales; Constitutional and Administrative Law and EU Law (collectively referred to as ‘Legal System’) and (6) Legal Services.” Each has its own assessment objectives in the FLK1 specification, and each belongs to one of the two sessions.
| Subject area | Session | Assessment objectives (FLK1 specification) |
|---|---|---|
| Business Law and Practice | Session 1 | Six: starting a business (company, partnership, LLP or sole trader); management and company decision making; stakeholders’ interests, rights, obligations and powers; financing a business; taxation of a business and its stakeholders; termination of a solvent business, corporate insolvency and personal bankruptcy |
| Dispute Resolution | Session 1 | Eight: merits of a claim or defence; arbitration, mediation and litigation; pre-action steps; commencing, responding to or progressing a claim; case management and interim applications; evidence and disclosure; preparation for trial, trial and post-trial steps; costs |
| Legal Services | Session 1 | Four: the regulatory role of the SRA; money laundering; financial services; funding options for legal services |
| Contract Law | Session 2 | Six: existence and formation of a contract; contents; causation and remoteness; vitiating elements; discharge and remedies; unjust enrichment |
| Tort | Session 2 | Five: negligence; remedies and defences; occupiers’ liability; product liability; nuisance and the rule in Rylands v Fletcher |
| Legal System | Session 2 | Three: the Legal System of England and Wales and sources of law; Constitutional and Administrative Law; EU law (relating to its current place in the UK constitution) |
Source: SQE1 Assessment Specification and FLK1 assessment specification, read 14 October 2026. Objectives are shortened; the counts are ours from the numbered lists on the FLK1 page.
The published weighting
The weighting is in Annex 4 of the specification, which the SRA calls the blueprint. The SQE website’s preparation page describes it as “a percentage range or ‘blueprint’ indicating the proportion of questions candidates could be asked in each subject area” and adds that “it may be helpful for candidates to review this as part of their revision”. The question columns below are our arithmetic: the range multiplied by the number of questions on the paper.
| FLK1 subject area | Assessed as a % of the paper | Questions out of 170 (January 2027 onwards) | Questions out of 180 (up to July 2026) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business Law and Practice | 14–20% | 24 to 34 (23.8 to 34.0) | 26 to 36 (25.2 to 36.0) |
| Dispute Resolution | 14–20% | 24 to 34 (23.8 to 34.0) | 26 to 36 (25.2 to 36.0) |
| Legal Services | 12–16% | 21 to 27 (20.4 to 27.2) | 22 to 28 (21.6 to 28.8) |
| Contract Law | 14–20% | 24 to 34 (23.8 to 34.0) | 26 to 36 (25.2 to 36.0) |
| Tort | 14–20% | 24 to 34 (23.8 to 34.0) | 26 to 36 (25.2 to 36.0) |
| Legal System (the Legal System of England and Wales, sources of law, Constitutional and Administrative law, EU law) | 14–20% | 24 to 34 (23.8 to 34.0) | 26 to 36 (25.2 to 36.0) |
| Ethics and Professional Conduct | Pervades | No separate share | No separate share |
Percentages: SQE1 Assessment Specification, Annex 4, read 14 October 2026. Question counts are ours: whole questions that fall inside the range, with the exact product in brackets. Annex 4 states its ranges as a percentage of the paper and does not tie them to a question count. We could not confirm on an official page (checked 14 October 2026) that the same ranges applied to the 180-question paper used up to July 2026, so the 180 column simply multiplies today’s ranges by 180. Treat it as our arithmetic and check Annex 4 on the SQE website before relying on it.
Bars show the upper end of each published range. Ranges from Annex 4; questions are our arithmetic.
FLK1 weighting in questions
Enter a number of questions: 170 for an FLK1 paper from January 2027, 180 for a paper up to July 2026, or the size of a mock you are building. The tool applies the SRA’s published percentage range for each subject area.
Our arithmetic on the ranges in Annex 4 of the SQE1 Assessment Specification. The SRA publishes ranges, not counts, and classifies each question by its main focus only; a real paper can sit anywhere inside each range.
How to read a range. Annex 4 explains its own method, which it calls “Single Best Classification”: “an item is assigned to the classification that is considered to be the primary focus of that question.” It then warns that questions do not fit neatly into one box, because “an item may require knowledge of ‘dispute resolution’ and ‘contract’ in order for a candidate to answer it correctly”, and concludes that “a blueprint may describe an assessment as having 20% of questions on a particular classification, but application of the knowledge in that classification would be required to answer more than 20% of the questions included in the paper”. In plain terms: the range counts each question once, under its main subject, so the range understates how often you will need a subject.
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Session 1 subjects
Included in the full set
Session 2 subjects
Included in the full set
- 90 single best answer questions, five options each, as in the real assessment
- All six FLK1 subjects: Business Law and Practice, Dispute Resolution, Legal Services, Contract, Tort and Legal System
- Split like the real sessions: 45 questions on each session's subjects, in mixed order
- The statute, rule or case behind every answer, and why the tempting options are wrong
- A timed run for each part: 81 minutes, the real pace of about 1.8 minutes a question
- Your score by subject, so you know where to revise
Independent practice material. Not written or endorsed by the Solicitors Regulation Authority or Kaplan. These are original questions, not SRA sample questions or live assessment items. This is not a full FLK1 paper: the real assessment is 170 questions in two sessions of 85. The law is stated as we understand it in October 2026; check it against current sources before relying on it.
What the session split adds
From January 2027 the six subject areas are divided between the two sessions of the FLK1 day, 85 questions each. The specification’s table puts Business Law and Practice, Dispute Resolution and Legal Services in session 1 and Tort, Contract Law and Legal Systems in session 2, and says that “within each session, questions are fully randomised”, so the three subjects of a session arrive in mixed order.
| Session | Subject areas | Sum of the three ranges (ours) | Questions in the session |
|---|---|---|---|
| FLK1 session 1 | Business Law and Practice; Dispute Resolution; Legal Services | 40–56% of the paper | 85, half the paper |
| FLK1 session 2 | Tort; Contract Law; Legal Systems | 42–60% of the paper | 85, half the paper |
The last two columns are worth a moment, and the reading is ours, not the SRA’s. Each session is exactly half the paper, yet session 2’s three subjects could, on their ranges alone, add up to anything from 42% to 60%. They cannot all sit at 14%, because that leaves the afternoon short of 85 questions; and they cannot all sit at 20%, because that overfills it. If every question in a session is classified to one of that session’s three subjects, the three afternoon subjects average about 28 questions each (85 ÷ 3), and the two larger morning subjects share whatever Legal Services leaves: between about 58 and 65 questions, so roughly 29 to 32 each. The SRA has not published per-session numbers, and how questions whose main focus is ethics are counted is not stated, so treat these as a planning estimate, not a rule.
Ethics and money laundering: up to 20%
Ethics and Professional Conduct has no row of its own in the blueprint: the table says it “Pervades”. But Annex 4 does put a ceiling on it: “In any SQE1 sitting (FLK1 and FLK2), Ethics and Professional Conduct and money laundering questions can make up to 20% of the questions assessed (money laundering questions being assessed in FLK1 only).” On a 170-question paper 20% is 34 questions (our arithmetic); note that the SRA’s sentence is about a sitting, both papers together, and is a maximum, not a target.
Two practical points follow from the specification. Money laundering is examined in FLK1 only, and it sits inside Legal Services, in session 1. And ethics has no section of its own in either session: the specification says ethics questions “can be examined across all subject areas” and are “based on realistic client-based problems and situations which can include those set out in relevant SRA warning notices, such as those relating to Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs) and Strategic Lawsuits against Public Participation (SLAPPs)”. Your result later reports “Ethics and professional conduct” as its own line in the FLK1 breakdown.
What each subject area covers
The FLK1 specification lists the legal knowledge for each area. The table condenses those lists; the specification page is the authority, and a topic missing from this summary is not thereby excluded.
| Subject area | Legal knowledge listed in the FLK1 specification (condensed) | Stated exclusions |
|---|---|---|
| Business Law and Practice | Business organisations (sole trader, partnership, LLP, private and unlisted public companies), legal personality and limited liability; incorporation and Companies House filing; finance (debt and equity, security, distributions); corporate governance (directors and shareholders, decision-making and meetings, minority protection); partnership decision-making under the Partnership Act 1890; corporate and personal insolvency, claw-back and order of priority; business taxation: income tax, capital gains tax, corporation tax, VAT, and business property relief for inheritance tax | The Listing, Prospectus, Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules and other FCA, London Stock Exchange and market rules or codes; reductions of share capital other than redemption and buyback; financial assistance under the Companies Act 2006 |
| Dispute Resolution | Arbitration, mediation and litigation; limitation and pre-action protocols; where to start proceedings; issuing and serving; responding to a claim and default judgment; statements of case; interim applications (summary judgment, interim payments, interim injunctions); case management and track allocation; evidence; disclosure and privilege; trial; costs, including Part 36 and other offers and security for costs; appeals; enforcement of money judgments | None stated |
| Contract Law | Formation (offer and acceptance, consideration, intention, certainty, capacity); privity and rights of third parties; express and implied terms, exemption clauses, interpretation, conditions, warranties and innominate terms, variation; vitiating factors (misrepresentation, mistake, unfair contract terms, duress and undue influence, illegality); termination, including frustration and restitution; remedies; causation and remoteness | None stated |
| Tort | Negligence (duty, breach, causation, remoteness, pure economic loss, psychiatric harm, employers’ primary liability); defences (volenti, contributory negligence, illegality); vicarious liability; occupiers’ liability under the 1957 and 1984 Acts; product liability in negligence and under the Consumer Protection Act 1987; public and private nuisance and the rule in Rylands v Fletcher | None stated |
| Legal System | The courts, precedent, the structure of Acts of Parliament and of Senedd Cymru, statutory interpretation; core institutions of the state, parliamentary sovereignty, devolution, prerogative power, separation of powers and the rule of law; public order law (processions, assemblies, breach of the peace); judicial review; the Human Rights Act 1998 (sections 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10 and the Convention rights); the place of EU law in the UK constitution | None stated |
| Legal Services | The regulatory role of the SRA (reserved legal activities, professional indemnity insurance, other regulated providers); the Equality Act 2010; money laundering (reporting, offences and defences under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, due diligence); financial services under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000; funding options: private retainer, conditional fee agreements, damages based agreements, fixed fees, civil legal aid, third party funding, legal expenses insurance | None stated |
Source: FLK1 assessment specification on the SQE website, read 14 October 2026. Condensed by us.
The format rules beside the weighting
| Rule | What the specification says |
|---|---|
| Question type | "Each single best answer question is followed by five possible answers. There is only one correct answer to each question." |
| Closed book | The assessments "are closed book" and are "not designed to test matters of detail which a newly qualified solicitor would be expected to look up" |
| Standard | Level 3 of the Threshold Standard: "that of the newly qualified solicitor" |
| Law cut-off date | "four calendar months prior to the date of the first assessment in an assessment window"; candidates are "tested on the law as it stands at that date" and "will not be tested on the development of the law" |
| Changes on the cut-off day | Changes "implemented on the calendar date four calendar months prior to the first SQE assessment in an assessment window may be examined" |
| Tax figures | Candidates must know which reliefs and exemptions exist and their conditions, but where the monetary value of an exemption or relief, or a particular rate or threshold, is needed, "these will be provided" |
| Case names and sections | Required only where they are the normal term for a principle, area of law, rule or procedural step ("e.g. Rylands v Fletcher, CPR Part 36, Section 25 notice"); otherwise not |
| England and Wales | Candidates must apply their knowledge that, "in relation to certain topics, the law is different in the two territories" |
| Mixing of subjects | "Within each of the above FLK assessments, questions may draw on any combination of the subject areas which might be encountered in practice." |
Source: SQE1 Assessment Specification, applicable for assessments from 1 September 2026, updated August 2026; read 14 October 2026.
The cut-off rule gives real dates. The booking-windows page lists the “examinable law and practice cut off date (up to and including)” for each sitting: 11 September 2026 for the January 2027 SQE1 (FLK1 on 11 to 15 January 2027) and 12 March 2027 for the July 2027 SQE1 (FLK1 on 12 to 16 July 2027).
Which sittings this applies to
| Sitting | Questions in FLK1 | Per session | Subjects by session | Blueprint ranges |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Up to and including July 2026 | 180 | 90 | Not grouped | Annex 4 as published now gives percentages of the paper; we could not confirm on an official page that it applied unchanged to the 180-question paper |
| January 2027 onwards | 170 | 85 | Grouped: three subject areas in each session | 14–20% for five subject areas, 12–16% for Legal Services (Annex 4, read 14 October 2026) |
Source: SQE website, “Understanding your SQE1 results” (“For SQE1 assessments taken on or after January 2027, the number of questions in each FLK assessment will be 170 (not 180)”), the SQE1 assessment-day page and the SRA news of 10 September 2026. Our guide to the SQE1 format change from January 2027 covers the change itself, the FLK2 session map and the pacing; this page and that one describe the same format, and where a count differs by sitting each says which sitting it means. The content specification on this page is the one “applicable for assessments from 1 September 2026”, so it governs the January 2027 sitting; the SRA reviews it annually.
How your result reports the subjects
The blueprint decides what you are asked; the results page tells you afterwards how you did in each area. For FLK1 it gives a breakdown for “Business Law and Practice, Dispute Resolution, Contract Law, Tort, Legal System (including Constitutional and Administrative Law and EU Law), Legal Services, Ethics and professional conduct”, each as a scaled score out of 500. The SRA attaches two warnings. The subject scores “should be considered cautiously as being indicative of your overall knowledge in each practice area given the relatively low number of questions on each area”. And “the assessment is compensatory in nature, so candidates may pass an FLK even if they perform less well in a subject area, and vice versa”: there is one pass mark for the paper, not one per subject.
Using the blueprint to plan revision
Our advice, argued from the ranges above.
1. Give the five 14–20% subjects equal time to start with. Their ranges are identical, so nothing published justifies favouring one. Adjust by your own weak areas, not by a guess at the paper.
2. Do not short-change Legal Services. Its range is lower (12–16%), but it carries money laundering and financial services, and its questions sit in session 1 beside the two practice-heavy subjects.
3. Revise by session as well as by subject. Because a session is three subjects in mixed order, practise switching between them. Our SQE1 FLK1 practice set is built that way: 45 questions on each session’s subjects, 16 on Business Law and Practice, 15 on Dispute Resolution and 14 on Legal Services in one part, and 15 each on Contract Law, Tort and Legal System in the other, with 3 questions free (2 in part 1 and 1 in part 2).
4. Treat ethics as part of every subject. Up to a fifth of a sitting can be ethics and money laundering, and it has no section of its own.
5. Fix your law at the cut-off date. For January 2027 that is 11 September 2026. A change after that date is not examined at that sitting.
6. Because the paper is compensatory, do not abandon a subject. A strong subject can offset a weak one, but each area is still at least 12% of the paper.
What we could not find
1. A fixed number of questions per subject, or per session. The SRA publishes ranges only. Every question count on this page is our arithmetic.
2. How questions whose main focus is ethics are counted against the six subject ranges. Annex 4 says ethics “pervades” and gives the 20% ceiling, nothing more.
3. The split inside a subject area, for example how much of Business Law and Practice is taxation. No sub-weighting is published.
4. The actual mix of any past paper. The statistical reports give pass rates and score distributions, not the number of questions per subject.
5. A line-by-line account of what changed in the specification for 1 September 2026. The SQE website lists the changes on its “SQE changes (Sept 2026)” page; we have not reproduced that list here, so read it if you are comparing against an older edition of the specification.
Frequently asked questions
What are the SQE1 FLK1 subjects?
Six subject areas: Business Law and Practice; Dispute Resolution; Contract Law; Tort; Legal System (the Legal System of England and Wales, Constitutional and Administrative Law and EU Law); and Legal Services. Ethics and Professional Conduct is examined across all of them.
What is the weighting of each FLK1 subject?
The SRA publishes a range: 14 to 20% of the paper for each of Business Law and Practice, Dispute Resolution, Contract Law, Tort and Legal System, and 12 to 16% for Legal Services.
How many questions is that per subject?
On a 170-question paper, by our arithmetic, 24 to 34 questions for each 14 to 20% subject and 21 to 27 for Legal Services. The SRA publishes percentages, not question counts.
How many questions are in FLK1?
170 from January 2027, in two sessions of 85. Up to and including July 2026 it was 180, in two sessions of 90.
Which FLK1 subjects are in session 1?
Business Law and Practice, Dispute Resolution and Legal Services. Tort, Contract Law and Legal System are in session 2. Within a session the questions are in random order.
How much of SQE1 is ethics?
The blueprint says that in any SQE1 sitting, ethics and professional conduct and money laundering questions can make up to 20% of the questions assessed. Money laundering is assessed in FLK1 only.
Is tax examined in FLK1?
Yes, within Business Law and Practice. Where a question needs the monetary value of an exemption or relief, or a particular rate or threshold, the specification says these will be provided.
What is the law cut-off date for SQE1?
Four calendar months before the first assessment in the window. For the January 2027 sitting the SQE website gives 11 September 2026, and for July 2027 it gives 12 March 2027.
Do I have to pass each FLK1 subject?
No. The SRA describes the assessment as compensatory: there is one pass mark for the paper, so a candidate may pass an FLK even after performing less well in one subject area.
Is EU law still in FLK1?
Yes, as part of Legal System. The FLK1 specification lists "EU law (relating to its current place in the UK constitution)" and "the place of EU law in the UK constitution".
More in this series
- SQE1 from January 2027: 340 questions, subjects by session
- SQE for Indian advocates: the SQE2 exemption and your route
- SQE pass rates by sitting: SQE1, FLK1, FLK2 and SQE2
- SQE total cost: fees, resits, exemption and admission in GBP and INR
- SQE roadmap: dates, the six-year clock, QWE and admission
- SQE1 free practice questions: the official samples and two worked
- SQE1 mock exam strategy: sit it to the official format
- UK SQE notice board — official updates
Sources
- official — SQE website — SQE1 Assessment Specification, "Applicable for assessments from 1 September 2026", "Updated August 2026" (read 14 Oct 2026): subject areas, the session table, five options, closed book, law cut-off, taxation, legal authorities, ethics
- official — SQE website — SQE1 Assessment Specification, Annex 4: Functioning Legal Knowledge blueprint (read 14 Oct 2026): the percentage range for each FLK1 and FLK2 subject area and the 20% ceiling for ethics and money laundering
- official — SQE website — FLK1 assessment specification (read 14 Oct 2026): assessment objectives and legal knowledge for each of the six subject areas
- official — SQE website — Preparing for the SQE assessments (read 14 Oct 2026): length, question type, blueprint, marking, pass mark
- official — SQE website — Understanding your SQE1 results (read 14 Oct 2026): scaled score, raw score, quintile, breakdown by practice area; 170 questions per FLK on or after January 2027, 180 before
- official — SQE website — Assessment dates and booking windows (read 14 Oct 2026): January 2027 and July 2027 SQE1 dates, booking closing, law cut-off and results dates; the note that neither Kaplan nor the SRA regulates, accredits or endorses training providers
- official — SQE website — SQE1 assessment day: what to expect (read 14 Oct 2026): sessions of 85 questions in 2 hours 33 minutes, the 60-minute break, unscheduled breaks, equipment, test-centre rules
- official — SRA news — Changes to SQE1 (10 September 2026): 340 questions from January 2027
- official — SQE website news — Important changes to SQE1 for January 2027 onwards (10 Sep 2026), Wayback capture 22 Sep 2026
- reported — ProSyllabus — SQE1 FLK1 practice set (our own product; its counts on this page are read from the set itself)
official = a document published by the conducting body. reported = a news or coaching site we could not check against an original. Where sources disagree this page says so rather than picking one.











