Questions & Answers - CBSE Class 9 (60 from NCERT PDF)
20 Short (2M), 20 Medium (4M), 20 Long (8M) based on PDF exercises/content.
Short Questions (2 Marks Each) - 20 Total
1. India's 2011 population? (PDF p.48)
Answer: 1,210.6 million.
2. Most populous state? (PDF p.48)
Answer: Uttar Pradesh.
3. Least populous state? (PDF p.48)
Answer: Sikkim.
4. Population density 2011? (PDF p.49)
Answer: 382 per sq km.
5. Highest density state? (PDF p.49)
Answer: Bihar.
6. Lowest density state? (PDF p.49)
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh.
7. Annual growth rate? (PDF p.51)
Answer: 2% per annum.
8. Population 1951? (PDF p.51)
Answer: 361 million.
9. Birth rate definition? (PDF p.52)
Answer: Live births/1,000/year.
10. Death rate definition? (PDF p.53)
Answer: Deaths/1,000/year.
11. Urban population % 2011? (PDF p.53)
Answer: 31.80%.
12. Adolescent age group? (PDF p.53)
Answer: 10-19 years.
13. NPP year? (PDF p.53)
Answer: 2000.
14. Family Planning year? (PDF p.53)
Answer: 1952.
15. First Census year? (PDF p.48)
Answer: 1872.
16. Complete Census year? (PDF p.48)
Answer: 1881.
17. Million plus cities 2011? (PDF p.53)
Answer: 53.
18. Sex ratio 2011? (PDF p.53)
Answer: 943.
19. Literacy rate 2011? (PDF p.53)
Answer: 73%.
20. India overtook China year? (PDF p.52)
Answer: 2023.
Medium Questions (4 Marks Each) - 20 Total
1. Population as pivotal? (PDF p.48)
Answer: Population is central in social studies as humans develop economy/society, make/use resources. Resources like coal become useful via technology; Events like floods disasters only affecting people. Numbers, distribution, growth, characteristics key for environment understanding.
2. Census definition? (PDF p.48)
Answer: Official periodic enumeration. India: First 1872, complete 1881, every 10 years. Comprehensive demographic/social/economic data source. Check library for report.
3. India's share world? (PDF p.48)
Answer: Population 17.5%, area 2.4%. 1.21 billion unevenly distributed. Fig. 6.1: Pie charts.
4. Five states half population? (PDF p.48)
Answer: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh. Fig. 6.2: Distribution.
5. Density provides better picture? (PDF p.49)
Answer: Shows unevenness: India 382/sq km. High Bihar, low Arunachal. Fig. 6.3: Map.
6. States below 250 density? (PDF p.51)
Answer: Rugged terrain, unfavorable climate responsible. Examples: Arunachal, Mizoram.
7. Moderate density areas? (PDF p.51)
Answer: Assam, Peninsular: Hilly, dissected, moderate rain, shallow soils.
8. High density states? (PDF p.51)
Answer: Northern Plains (UP, Bihar), Kerala: Flat, fertile, abundant rain.
9. Population growth ways? (PDF p.51)
Answer: Absolute numbers (subtract earlier from later); Percentage per annum.
10. Growth 1951-1981? (PDF p.51)
Answer: Steadily increasing rate, rapid increase 361 to 683 million.
11. Decline since 1981? (PDF p.51)
Answer: Birth rates declined; Still large additions (182 million 1990s).
12. Natural increase? (PDF p.52)
Answer: Birth rates - death rates. High births, declining deaths drove growth.
13. Migration types? (PDF p.53)
Answer: Internal (within country, changes distribution); International (between countries).
14. Rural-urban migration? (PDF p.53)
Answer: Push: Poverty/unemployment; Pull: Opportunities/better living.
15. Urban % increase? (PDF p.53)
Answer: 17.29% (1951) to 31.80% (2011); Million plus cities 35 to 53 (2001-2011).
16. Adolescent issues? (PDF p.53)
Answer: High nutrition needs; Inadequate diet, anaemia in girls; Need literacy/education.
17. NPP framework? (PDF p.53)
Answer: Education to 14, IMR <30, immunization, delayed marriage, people-centered.
18. Family Welfare? (PDF p.53)
Answer: Promotes responsible/planned parenthood voluntarily since 1952.
19. Uneven distribution reasons? (PDF p.48)
Answer: Fertile soils, climate, resources, terrain.
20. India most populous? (PDF p.52)
Answer: Overtaken China 2023.
Long Questions (8 Marks Each) - 20 Total
1. Migrations change? (PDF p.54, NCERT Q1(i))
Answer: Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of the population in both the area of departure and arrival. Internal migration influences distribution within the nation, like rural to urban shifts increasing urban percentage from 17.29% in 1951 to 31.80% in 2011. International migration changes size. For example, push factors like poverty in rural areas and pull factors like employment in cities lead to age and sex composition changes in urban areas, with more working-age males. In exams, distinguish from options like only departure or arrival, emphasizing both areas affected for full marks. This highlights migration as a determinant of population change alongside births and deaths.
2. Large children proportion? (PDF p.54, NCERT Q1(ii))
Answer: A large proportion of children in a population is a result of high birth rates. In India, high birth rates have led to 29.5% children (0-14 years) in the age composition. This contrasts with high life expectancies (aged population), high death rates (reduces numbers), or more married couples (contributes but not direct). High births indicate rapid growth, creating dependency. Discuss implications like need for education/health resources, and how declining birth rates since 1981 are positive. Use Table 6.1 to show growth trends linked to births.
3. Magnitude growth? (PDF p.54, NCERT Q1(iii))
Answer: The magnitude of population growth refers to the number of persons added each year. It is the absolute increase, obtained by subtracting earlier population from later, e.g., 2011 minus 2001. This differs from total population, rate of increase, or females per thousand males. For India, despite declining rates, additions remain large (181.46 million in 2001-2011). Explain with Table 6.1 examples, like 182.32 million in 1991-2001, and why even low rates on large base yield big numbers, impacting resources.
4. Literate person? (PDF p.54, NCERT Q1(iv))
Answer: According to the Census, a “literate” person is one who is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding. This excludes mere name reading/writing or knowing 3 R's without age. India's literacy rose from 18% (1951) to 73% (2011), with gender gap (males 80.9%, females 64.6%). Discuss importance for development, occupational shift to tertiary, and NPP focus on education.
5. Rate decline since 1981? (PDF p.54, NCERT Q2(i))
Answer: The rate of population growth in India is declining since 1981 due to rapid decline in birth rates from high levels, while death rates continued falling. From 1951-1981, rates increased (1.25% to 2.22%), but post-1981, fell to 1.64% by 2011. Reasons: Family planning awareness, education, delayed marriage via NPP 2000. Despite this, absolute additions steady (e.g., 182 million 1990s) due to large base. Use Figs. 6.4(a)(b) to illustrate trends, positive for resource conservation.
6. Major components growth? (PDF p.54, NCERT Q2(ii))
Answer: The major components of population growth are birth rates, death rates, and migration. Birth rates (live births/1,000/year) are high in India, driving growth. Death rates (deaths/1,000/year) declined rapidly till 1980 due to health improvements. Migration (internal/external) influences distribution/composition, not always size. Natural increase = births - deaths; Total growth includes migration. Explain with examples: Rural-urban migration increased urban % to 31.80% (2011).
7. Define age structure, death/birth rate? (PDF p.54, NCERT Q2(iii))
Answer: Age structure: Division into children (0-14), working (15-59), aged (60+). India's: 29.5%, 62.5%, 8% (young due high births). Death rate: Deaths/1,000/year, declined causing growth. Birth rate: Live births/1,000/year, major growth component. Relate to dependency ratio, health implications.
8. Migration determinant? (PDF p.54, NCERT Q2(iv))
Answer: Migration is a determinant factor of population change as it alters size (international), distribution/composition (internal). In India, rural-urban due push (poverty) pull (jobs), increasing urban from 17.29% (1951) to 31.80% (2011), changing age/sex in cities. Activity: Trace grandparents' migration, analyze reasons.
9. Distinguish growth/change. (PDF p.54, NCERT Q3)
Answer: Population growth: Change in numbers over time (absolute/percentage), e.g., 1.64% 2001-2011. Population change: Broader, includes growth plus composition shifts via births/deaths/migration. Growth focuses magnitude/rate; Change dynamic interaction. India's growth declining, but change includes urbanization, aging.
10. Relation occupational structure/development? (PDF p.54, NCERT Q4)
Answer: Occupational structure relates to development: Developed nations high tertiary (services); Developing high primary (agriculture). India: 55% primary, indicating developing status. Shift to secondary/tertiary shows progress via industrialization/education. Healthy population aids this shift.
11. Advantages healthy population? (PDF p.54, NCERT Q5)
Answer: Healthy population boosts productivity, reduces dependency, enhances economic growth. In India, post-Independence health improvements lowered death rates, but challenges like malnutrition persist. Advantages: Better workforce, lower healthcare costs, demographic dividend from youth. NPP targets health via immunization/IMR reduction.
12. Significant features NPP 2000? (PDF p.54, NCERT Q6)
Answer: NPP 2000: Free/compulsory education to 14, IMR <30/1,000, universal immunization, delayed girls' marriage, people-centered welfare. Culmination of 1952 Family Planning, promotes voluntary responsible parenthood. Aims individual health/welfare, sustainable growth.
13. Uneven distribution factors. (PDF p.48-51)
Answer: Uneven due terrain, climate, soils, resources. High density plains (fertile, rain); Low mountains (rugged); Moderate plateaus (hilly, moderate rain). Fig. 6.3: Map analysis. Correlate with relief/climate.
14. Additions steady despite decline. (PDF p.51)
Answer: Low rate on large base yields big absolute (e.g., 182 million 1990s). Impacts resources/environment. Positive birth control efforts.
15. Processes change. (PDF p.51-53)
Answer: Births (high), deaths (declining), migration (rural-urban). Natural increase main; Migration distribution.
16. Adolescent significance. (PDF p.53)
Answer: One-fifth population, future resource. Nutrition deficiencies, anaemia; Need education/awareness.
17. Sex ratio unfavorable. (PDF p.53)
Answer: 943 (2011), varies (Kerala high, Haryana low). Female neglect, preference sons.
18. Literacy importance. (PDF p.53)
Answer: 73% (2011), gender gap. Key for development, awareness, occupational shift.
19. Health status. (PDF p.53)
Answer: Improved but inadequate vs size. Malnutrition, access rural areas.
20. Project class census. (PDF p.54)
Answer: Questionnaire (5 questions: family, health, performance). Compile %, present pie/bar.
Practice Tip: 2M: 2min; 4M: 5min; 8M: 12min; use PDF tables/figures.
