Checked 13 October 2026. The weights are our own counts of Bijlage 2 of the Regeling inburgering 2021 as replaced by Staatscourant 2024, 15802 (in force for exams since 1 July 2025). The DUO pages we read give no spread of questions over themes, no question count and no pass mark; the plan is ours.
KNM exam preparation has one fixed point: the end terms. The regulation says the required knowledge and its indicators are the guideline for the content of the exam, and it prints all of them. Little else about the paper is public. DUO gives the length, 45 minutes, and the explanatory annex to the Regeling inburgering 2021 gives the format (multiple choice on a computer, with video fragments). Neither gives the number of questions, the pass mark or how many questions each theme gets. So this plan does not guess which topics "come up". It takes the eight themes, weighs them by how much the end terms themselves put under each, and spreads that over fourteen days. You choose your hours; the tool builds the calendar; a tracker keeps score of the 27 sub-areas. ProSyllabus is an independent study site. We are not affiliated with, or endorsed by, DUO, the IND or the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment; every rule below is quoted or summarised from their published pages and regulations, and DUO or the IND decides every individual case.
Besluit inburgering 2021 art 3.4; Staatscourant 2024, 15802, Bijlage 2. The regulation prints no totals; all three counts are ours.
How heavy is each theme? Two counts from the end terms
The end terms have three layers. Under each theme are sub-areas, printed in bold (the regulation calls them crucial actions). Under each sub-area are the numbered end terms, such as 6.3.1. Under most end terms are indicators, the bullet points that say concretely what a candidate knows. We counted the last two layers per theme. Neither count says how many exam questions a theme gets. Together they say how much there is to learn.
| Theme | Dutch name | Sub-areas | End terms | Indicators | Indicators per end term | Sessions of 20, by end terms | Sessions of 20, by indicators |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Work and income | Werk en inkomen | 4 | 13 | 34 | 2.6 | 3 | 4 |
| 2. Manners, values and norms | Omgangsvormen, waarden en normen | 2 | 7 | 6 | 0.9 | 2 | 1 |
| 3. Housing | Wonen | 3 | 6 | 19 | 3.2 | 2 | 2 |
| 4. Health and healthcare | Gezondheid en gezondheidszorg | 5 | 12 | 23 | 1.9 | 3 | 2 |
| 5. History and geography | Geschiedenis en geografie | 2 | 4 | 16 | 4.0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6. Institutions | Instanties | 6 | 13 | 35 | 2.7 | 3 | 4 |
| 7. Constitution and rule of law | Staatsinrichting en rechtsstaat | 2 | 12 | 26 | 2.2 | 3 | 3 |
| 8. Education and upbringing | Onderwijs en opvoeding | 3 | 11 | 17 | 1.5 | 3 | 2 |
Source: Staatscourant 2024, 15802, Bijlage 2. All counts are ours: end terms are the x.y.z codes, indicators are the bullets under them. "Sessions of 20" is our arithmetic: twenty study sessions shared out in proportion to each count, rounded by largest remainder.
Our count of the indicator bullets under each theme in Bijlage 2 (Staatscourant 2024, 15802). Total 176. A count of indicators is not a count of exam questions.
Which themes are hardest, argued only from the end terms
We have no data on which questions candidates fail, and the sources we read give no results per theme. What the text itself supports is an argument from weight and density.
What the two counts say
- Institutions (theme 6) and Work and income (theme 1) are the heaviest on both counts: 13 end terms each, with 35 and 34 indicators. Together they hold 69 of the 176 indicators, close to two fifths. Whatever else you cut, do not cut these.
- History and geography (theme 5) is denser than it looks. It has only 4 end terms but 16 indicators, 4.0 per end term, the highest ratio of any theme. A single end term there runs from the seventeenth century to the national anthem. Weighing by end terms gives it one session of twenty; weighing by indicators gives it two.
- Manners, values and norms (theme 2) is the lightest in detail: 7 end terms and only 6 indicators. Three of its seven end terms (2.1.2, 2.1.5 and 2.2.2) are stated as one sentence without sub-points.
- Constitution and rule of law (theme 7) packs 8 of its 12 end terms into one sub-area, the legal provisions (7.2): equality, freedom of expression and religion, Article 1, privacy, bodily integrity, organ donation and women’s right to self-determination. With the job-search sub-area 1.1, it is the largest single sub-area by our count.
- Health (theme 4) and Education (theme 8) sit in the middle, with 12 and 11 end terms. Health has the most sub-areas after Institutions (five), so its facts are spread across more situations.
Our reading of our own counts of Staatscourant 2024, 15802. "Heaviest" means most text to learn, not most questions asked.
That is why the tool offers two weightings. If your problem is breadth, weigh by end terms. If you already know the outline and lose marks on detail (ages, time limits, which body), weigh by indicators, which shifts time toward themes 1, 5 and 6. One more fact from the end terms belongs in every plan: they expect a candidate to know the name of the King and of the prime minister and the names and location of the provinces. Those are short lists to learn by heart; check the current office-holders on the government’s own site in the last days, because they change.
Inburgering KNM hardest topics: work, healthcare and history up close
Work, healthcare and history are the three themes we pick as the hardest part of inburgering KNM: that is our judgement. We cannot confirm it with results, because the sources we read give none per theme. What we can do is read the end terms of those three themes closely and say where the wording itself makes a wrong answer easy. Everything in the middle column is our judgement; the right-hand column is the text it rests on.
| Theme | Where it is easy to go wrong (our judgement) | What the end terms say | End term |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Work and income | Two bodies split by one condition | After a work history you contact the UWV at once for unemployment or incapacity; without a work history you contact the municipality | 1.1.7 |
| 1. Work and income | Rules that hold "in principe" | A person on a benefit must in principle accept offered work; the right to a benefit in principle lapses on registration with the Chamber of Commerce | 1.1.8, 1.4.1 |
| 1. Work and income | A collective rule and an individual right side by side | Many sectors have a cao, and apart from the cao an employee has the right to negotiate terms with the employer | 1.2.1 |
| 1. Work and income | Three things with similar names | The difference between a permanent contract, a temporary contract and a contract through an employment agency | 1.2.1 |
| 4. Health and healthcare | Obligatory and voluntary in one sentence | Health insurance is obligatory; supplementary insurance is voluntary | 4.4.1 |
| 4. Health and healthcare | Two money words | What the eigen risico and the eigen bijdrage mean; the eigen risico can be paid spread over time; a GP visit does not count against it | 4.4.1 |
| 4. Health and healthcare | Care with and without a referral | GP, pharmacy, dentist and maternity care need no referral; the GP refers to specialist and mental health care | 4.1, 4.2.1 |
| 4. Health and healthcare | Urgent is not the same as life-threatening | Evening and weekend services exist for urgent cases (the huisartsenpost); 112 is for life-threatening situations | 4.3.1, 4.3.2 |
| 5. History and geography | A year and two dates | Liberated in 1945; National Remembrance of the Dead on 4 May; Liberation Day on 5 May | 5.1.2 |
| 5. History and geography | Short lists to know whole | EU, NATO and UN; the rights to abortion, same-sex marriage and euthanasia laid down in law; polders, windmills, dykes and Delta Works | 5.1.1, 5.1.2 |
| 5. History and geography | Things you must recognise, not only know | Recognising the seventeenth century in painting and architecture; what the flag looks like; the names and location of the provinces | 5.1.1, 5.2.1 |
| 5. History and geography | Capital and seat of government | Amsterdam is the capital; the government is seated in The Hague | 5.2.1 |
Source for the right-hand column: Staatscourant 2024, 15802, Bijlage 2, at the end term shown (our English summaries). The choice of these three themes follows the question people ask; "easy to go wrong" is our judgement from the wording, not a finding from exam results.
The three themes are hard in different ways. Work is hard because it is long: 13 end terms and 34 indicators by our count, many of them about who you contact and when. Healthcare is hard because of pairs: obligatory against voluntary, referral against no referral, urgent against life-threatening. History is hard because it is a theme where a question can turn on a single year, date or name, and because the end terms ask you to recognise things, which fits an exam that uses pictures.
Weak-topic quiz: nine questions on work, healthcare and history
Nine new questions, three for each of the three themes. None repeats our 10-question KNM practice exam with explanations, our 20 KNM questions across the eight themes or the self-check questions in the kit. The grader scores each theme, so you can see which of the three needs the extra session in the plan below.
| # | Question (Dutch) | Correct answer | Why | End term |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Voor jouw werk geldt een cao. Mag je toch zelf met je werkgever over je arbeidsvoorwaarden onderhandelen? | B. Ja, dat recht heb je (Yes, you have that right) | The end terms say an employee has the right to negotiate terms of employment with the employer, apart from what the cao lays down. | 1.2.1 (theme 1) |
| 2 | Je hebt een sollicitatiegesprek. Je stelt zelf een paar vragen over het werk en de arbeidsvoorwaarden. Hoe vinden werkgevers dat meestal? | A. Zij waarderen dat (They appreciate it) | The end terms say employers generally appreciate a few questions about the content of the work and the terms of employment during a job interview. | 1.1.2 (theme 1) |
| 3 | Wat is een voorbeeld van werknemersparticipatie in een bedrijf? | C. De ondernemingsraad (The works council) | The end terms name the ondernemingsraad (or medezeggenschapsraad) and the staff association as examples of employee participation. | 1.2.2 (theme 1) |
| 4 | Wat is waar over de zorgverzekering in Nederland? | B. De zorgverzekering is verplicht; aanvullend verzekeren is vrijwillig (Health insurance is obligatory; supplementary insurance is voluntary) | End term 4.4.1: health insurance is obligatory, and you can voluntarily take out supplementary cover on top. | 4.4.1 (theme 4) |
| 5 | Je hebt geen recept. Waar kun je toch sommige medicijnen kopen? | A. Bij de drogist (At the drogist (a drugstore)) | The end terms say that for some medicines you can go to a drogist without a prescription. | 4.1.2 (theme 4) |
| 6 | Je voelt je al weken somber en je slaapt slecht. Bij wie kun je hiermee terecht? | C. Bij de huisarts of de praktijkondersteuner (The GP or the practice support worker (praktijkondersteuner)) | The end terms say you can also go to a GP or praktijkondersteuner with psychological complaints; end term 4.1.1 calls them the first point of contact. | 4.1.1 (theme 4) |
| 7 | In welk jaar is Nederland bevrijd van de Duitse bezetting? | B. In 1945 | The end terms: the Netherlands was occupied by Germany in the Second World War and was liberated in 1945. | 5.1.2 (theme 5) |
| 8 | Polders, molens, dijken en de Deltawerken horen bij de Nederlandse geschiedenis. Wat laten zij zien? | C. Dat Nederland al lang leeft met de dreiging van water (That the Netherlands has long lived with the threat of water) | The end terms say the Netherlands has a long tradition of living with the threat of water, and that polders, windmills, dykes and the Delta Works bear witness to it. | 5.1.1 (theme 5) |
| 9 | Waardoor kwam Nederland in de zeventiende eeuw tot economische en culturele ontwikkeling? | A. Door scheepvaart en handel (Shipping and trade) | The end terms: in the seventeenth century the Netherlands developed economically and culturally through shipping and trade. | 5.1.1 (theme 5) |
Source for every reason: Staatscourant 2024, 15802, Bijlage 2, at the end term shown. The questions and the English wording are ours; three answer options is our choice.
Read the result per theme. Three out of three: keep the theme at its normal weight. Two: add its Dutch key words to your running list. One or none: give the theme one of your two sessions tomorrow, whatever the plan says, and choose "Number of indicators" as the weighting in the tool below. If your misses were about small words such as "in principe" or "verplicht", the ten questions in common mistakes in the KNM exam, with ten trap questions train exactly that.
The 14-day plan
The shape is fixed; the middle is generated. Day 1 is orientation and a baseline. Days 2 to 11 hold twenty study sessions, two a day, shared among the eight themes by the weight you choose. Day 12 and day 13 are rehearsal with the two DUO practice exams, which we keep for the end because there are only two. Day 14 is light.
The default plan: 1.5 hours a day, weighted by end terms, official order
| Day | Session 1 | Session 2 | Minutes per session |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Orientation: read the eight theme descriptions in the end terms and the exam format | Baseline: our 10-question practice set, noting every guess | 45 |
| 2 | Theme 1: Work and income | Theme 1: Work and income | 45 |
| 3 | Theme 1: Work and income | Theme 2: Manners, values and norms | 45 |
| 4 | Theme 2: Manners, values and norms | Theme 3: Housing | 45 |
| 5 | Theme 3: Housing | Theme 4: Health and healthcare | 45 |
| 6 | Theme 4: Health and healthcare | Theme 4: Health and healthcare | 45 |
| 7 | Theme 5: History and geography | Theme 6: Institutions | 45 |
| 8 | Theme 6: Institutions | Theme 6: Institutions | 45 |
| 9 | Theme 7: Constitution and rule of law | Theme 7: Constitution and rule of law | 45 |
| 10 | Theme 7: Constitution and rule of law | Theme 8: Education and upbringing | 45 |
| 11 | Theme 8: Education and upbringing | Theme 8: Education and upbringing | 45 |
| 12 | DUO practice exam A2 KNM 1, in one sitting | Review each miss against its end term | 45 |
| 13 | Our 20-question set; restudy your two weakest themes | DUO practice exam A2 KNM 2, in one sitting | 45 |
| 14 | Light review: Dutch key words, ages and time limits from your notes | Check your ID, the time and the route to the exam location; stop early | 45 |
Our plan. Session counts per theme come from the table of weights above (column "Sessions of 20, by end terms"). At 1.5 hours a day the whole plan is 21 hours.
Twenty-one hours is our arithmetic, not a recommendation from DUO, which gives no study time. For comparison, one publisher of a KNM study book estimates about 40 hours to read its book; the Ad Appel book compared with DUO’s practice exams reports that claim and its source. If your Dutch is below A2, this plan covers the KNM content, not the language side, so you may need more time: check your readiness before you choose a date. Booking can take time: see fee, booking, cancelling and retakes for DUO’s own warning about waiting for a seat.
What to do inside one study session
A session is one theme, or part of one. The method below is ours, built on what the end terms say the exam is: questions in A2 Dutch about everyday situations, drawn from the required knowledge and the indicators.
| Step | Minutes of a 45-minute session | What you do | Why |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Read | 15 | Read the end terms and indicators for the sub-area in Dutch. Mark every word you cannot read. | The exam is in Dutch; the end terms use the words the exam will use |
| 2. Explain | 10 | Find the detail behind each indicator in your book, the kit or an official site, and write one line per indicator in your own words. | The end terms say what to know, not always the detail |
| 3. List | 5 | Copy every number, age, time limit and name of a body into one running list. | These are the facts with a single right answer |
| 4. Say | 5 | Say the Dutch key words aloud. | In the exam the question is also read to you through headphones |
| 5. Test | 10 | Cover your notes and answer practice questions on the theme; tick the sub-area in the tracker only if you could answer without notes. | Recall, not rereading, shows what stays |
Our method. The minutes are for a 45-minute session; scale them to your own session length.
For step 5 use the 10-question KNM practice exam with explanations on day 1 and the 20 KNM questions across the eight themes on day 13, as the plan says, and save DUO’s two practice exams for days 12 and 13. For step 2, the eight themes and 78 eindtermen gives examples of the indicators under each theme.
Revision tracker: the 27 sub-areas
The Dutch names of the sub-areas and the count of end terms under each are in the table in the Ad Appel book compared with DUO’s practice exams, which also works as a printable list.
The last three days
| Day | Do | Do not |
|---|---|---|
| 12 | Sit DUO’s Practice exam A2 KNM 1 in one go on a desktop computer, with headphones if you can | Stop to look things up while the practice exam is running |
| 12, afterwards | For each miss, find the end term and add the fact to your running list | Read your score as pass or fail: the DUO pages we read give no pass mark |
| 13 | Take the 20-question set for a score per theme, restudy the two weakest themes, then sit DUO’s Practice exam A2 KNM 2 | Start a new book or a new website |
| 14 | Read your running list and your Dutch key words once; check the current names the end terms ask for; pack valid ID | Study late; the exam is 45 minutes of reading and listening in Dutch |
Our advice. DUO’s Practising page says a desktop computer is the preferred device for its practice exams. Exam-day rules and valid ID are DUO’s; see the booking guide in this series.
If you have more or less than two weeks
With one week, keep the same twenty sessions and do four a day for five days, then one day for both practice exams and one light day; that only works at three hours a day or more. With four weeks, do one session a day and use the spare days to repeat the heaviest themes; our revision kit prints a four-week plan of its own, which this page compresses. With no exam date yet, do day 1 today: the baseline tells you whether two weeks is realistic before you pay the fee.
Whether you have to sit KNM at all, and by when, depends on the law that applies to you: see exemptions and which law applies to you, KNM for Indian knowledge migrants and partners and, if DUO has given you a deadline, the deadline and fines for family migrants. People still abroad who are asking about the earlier exam at the embassy want the basisexamen inburgering buitenland instead.
Preview the KNM revision kit
The plan needs something to read in step 2 of each session. The kit is a seven-page PDF that restates all eight themes of the official end terms in plain English with the Dutch words the exam uses. Page 1 is free to read in full, so look at it before you decide anything. It is a revision aid from an independent site, not an official document and not a substitute for DUO’s practice exams.
See the kit’s free first page and contentsFrequently asked questions
How do I prepare for the KNM exam?
Work from the official end terms: eight themes, 27 sub-areas and 78 end terms by our count. Study each theme in Dutch, list the facts with a single right answer, test yourself with practice questions, and rehearse with DUO’s two practice exams at the end.
Is two weeks enough for KNM?
It can be for someone who reads Dutch at A2 and can give about 1.5 hours a day, which is 21 hours in this plan. The sources we read give no official study time, and if your Dutch is below A2 you may need longer.
Which KNM theme is the hardest?
The sources we read give no results per theme. By weight in the end terms, Institutions and Work and income are the largest (13 end terms each, 35 and 34 indicators by our count), and History and geography is the densest (16 indicators under 4 end terms).
Why are work, healthcare and history called the hardest inburgering KNM topics?
No published result says they are. Our reading of the end terms: work is long and full of "who do you contact" facts, healthcare is built on pairs such as obligatory and voluntary insurance, and history can turn on one year or date. The nine-question quiz on this page tests those three themes.
How many questions does each theme get in the exam?
Not stated in the DUO pages we read. DUO says only that there are several themes and that you answer questions for each. The plan weighs themes by the end terms, not by a guessed question count.
When should I take DUO’s practice exams?
Late. There are two, so this plan keeps them for days 12 and 13, after the themes are studied.
Do I need a book for this plan?
You need a source for the detail behind each indicator. That can be a current study book, official sites, or a summary such as our kit. The end terms themselves are free and are the checklist.
Does the plan cover the changes of 1 July 2025?
Yes. It is built on the end terms in force for exams since 1 July 2025 (Staatscourant 2024, 15802).
What is the difference between an end term and an indicator?
An end term is a numbered goal such as 6.3.1. Indicators are the points under it that say concretely what a candidate knows. Where an end term has no indicators, the regulation says it is tested at the level of the end term itself.
More in this series
- KNM syllabus: the 8 themes and 78 eindtermen of the new exam
- KNM for Indian knowledge migrants and partners: permanent residence and citizenship
- KNM fee, booking, cancellation and retakes
- KNM exemptions and which integration law applies
- Inburgering deadline and fines: why family migrants are still fined
- KNM practice exam in English: 10 questions with explanations
- KNM-examen oefenen A2: 20 questions across the 8 themes
- Ad Appel KNM book vs DUO’s practice exams: what is enough
- Basisexamen inburgering buitenland: who needs it, parts, fee, validity
- KNM exam mistakes: the avoidable ones, with ten trap questions
- Netherlands KNM notice board — official updates
Sources
- official — Staatscourant 2024, 15802 — Regeling of 7 May 2024 replacing Bijlage 2 (KNM eindtermen), in force 1 July 2025
- official — Besluit inburgering 2021 (BWBR0045555), art 2.2 (temporary purposes), 2.3, 3.4 (the eight KNM subjects)
- official — DUO — Content of the knowledge exams (KNM, MAP, ONA, PVT)
- official — DUO — Practising for the exam
- reported — Ad Appel Taaltrainingen (publisher) — product page "Studieboek inburgering KNM" (read 13 October 2026)
official = a document published by the conducting body. reported = a news or coaching site we could not check against an original. Where sources disagree this page says so rather than picking one.
