Includes biomechanics, medical imaging, biomaterials, and biomedical instrumentation, targeting applications in healthcare and medical technology innovation.

GATE Biomedical Engineering

Official 2025 syllabus extracted from https://gate2025.iitr.ac.in/doc/2025/GATE%20_BM_2025_Syllabus.pdf

Engineering Mathematics

Matrix algebra

Systems of linear equations

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

Linear Algebra

Mean value theorems

Theorems of integral calculus

Partial derivatives

Maxima and minima

Multiple integrals

Fourier series

Vector identities

Line, surface and volume integrals

Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems

Calculus

First order linear and nonlinear differential equations

Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients

Method of separation of variables

Cauchy's and Euler's equations

Initial and boundary value problems

Solution of partial differential equations

Differential Equations

Analytic functions

Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula

Taylor's and Laurent's series

Residue theorem

Analysis of Complex Variables

Sampling theorems

Conditional probability

Mean, median, mode and standard deviation

Random variables

Discrete and continuous distributions: normal, Poisson and binomial

Tests of significance

Statistical power analysis and sample size estimation

Linear regression and correlation analysis

Probability and Statistics

Matrix inversion

Numerical solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations

Iterative methods for solving differential equations

Numerical integration

Numerical Methods

Electrical Circuits

Voltage and current sources: independent, dependent, ideal and practical

v-i relationships of resistor, inductor and capacitor

Transient analysis of RLC circuits with dc excitation

Kirchhoff's laws

Superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power transfer and reciprocity theorems

Peak, average and rms values of ac quantities

Apparent, active and reactive powers

Phasor analysis

Impedance and admittance

Series and parallel resonance

Realization of basic filters with R, L, C elements

Bode plot

Signals and Systems

Periodic, aperiodic and impulse signals

Sampling theorem

Laplace and Fourier transforms

Impulse response of systems

Transfer function

Frequency response of first and second order LTI systems

Convolution

Correlation

Discrete time systems: impulse response, frequency response

Z-transform

Basics of IIR and FIR filter

Continuous and Discrete Signals and Systems

Analog and Digital Electronics

Basic characteristics and applications of diode, BJT and MOSFET

Operational amplifiers: difference amplifier, adder, subtractor, integrator, differentiator, instrumentation amplifier, buffer, filters, waveform generators

Number systems

Boolean algebra

Combinational logic circuits: arithmetic circuits, comparators, Schmitt trigger, encoder/decoder, MUX/DEMUX, multi-vibrators

Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, state diagrams, shift registers, counters

Principles of ADC and DAC

Microprocessor architecture

Interfacing memory and input-output devices

Measurements and Control Systems

SI units

Systematic and random errors in measurement

Expression of uncertainty: accuracy and precision index

Propagation of errors

PMMC, MI and dynamometer type instruments

DC potentiometer

Bridges for measurement of R, L and C

Q-meter

Basics of control system: transfer function

Sensors and Bioinstrumentation

Resistive sensors

Capacitive sensors

Inductive sensors

Piezoelectric sensors

Hall effect sensors

Electrochemical sensors

Optical sensors

Sensor signal conditioning circuits

Application of LASER in sensing and therapy

Sensors

Origin of bio-potentials and their measurement: ECG, EEG, EMG, ERG, EOG, GSR, PCG

Principles of measuring blood pressure

Body temperature measurement

Volume and flow in arteries, veins and tissues

Respiratory measurements

Cardiac output measurement

Operating principle of medical equipment: sphygmomanometer, ventilator, cardiac pacemaker, defibrillator, pulse oximeter, hemodialyzer

Electrical isolation (optical and electrical) and safety of biomedical instruments

Bioinstrumentation

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Basics of cell

Types of tissues and organ systems

Homeostasis

Musculoskeletal system

Respiratory system

Circulatory system

Excretory system

Endocrine system

Nervous system

Gastro-intestinal system

Reproductive system

Medical Imaging Systems

Basic physics, instrumentation and image formation in X-Ray

Computed Tomography

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Positron Emission Tomography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Ultrasound

Biomechanics

Free-body diagrams and equilibrium

Forces and stresses in joints

Biomechanical analysis of joints

Gait analysis

Kinematics of Muscles and Joints

Definition of stress and strain

Deformation mechanics

Structure and mechanical properties of bone: cortical and cancellous bones

Hard Tissues

Structure, functions and material properties of soft tissues

Viscoelastic properties

Maxwell and Voigt models

Soft Tissues

Flow properties of blood in the intact human cardiovascular system

Biofluid Mechanics

Biomaterials

Basic properties of biomaterials: metallic, ceramic, polymeric and composite

Fundamental characteristics of implants: biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability

Basics of drug delivery

Basics of tissue engineering

Biomaterial characterization techniques: Rheology, Atomic Force Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

GATE Biomedical Engineering Syllabus 2025, 2026 and more: Subjects, Topics, and What to Study