Complete Summary and Solutions for The Luncheon – Woven Words NCERT Class XI English Elective, Chapter 8 – Summary, Explanation, Questions, Answers
A humorous and satirical story by W. Somerset Maugham about a young man taken for a ride by a pretentious woman who orders expensive food on a small budget. This narrative highlights human foibles, social class dynamics, and the quirks of human nature. Contains all NCERT questions, answers, and exercises for Class XI.
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The Luncheon
William Somerset Maugham | Woven Words Short Stories - Ultimate Study Guide 2025
Introduction to Short Stories - Woven Words
A short story is a brief work of prose fiction. It has a plot which may be comic, tragic, romantic or satiric; the story is presented to us from one of the many available points of view, and it may be written in the mode of fantasy, realism or naturalism.
In the ‘story of incident’ the focus of interest is on the course and outcome of events, as in the Sherlock Holmes story. The ‘story of character’ focuses on the state of mind and motivation, or on the psychological and moral qualities of the protagonist, as in Glory at Twilight. Maugham's The Luncheon is a satirical story of incident and character, highlighting irony, pretense, and quiet revenge through a single luncheon encounter.
The short story differs from the novel in magnitude. The limitation of length imposes economy of management and in literary effects. However, a short story can also attain a fairly long and complex form, where it approaches the expansiveness of the novel, which you may find in The Third and Final Continent in this unit.
Key Elements
- Plot Patterns: Comic, tragic, romantic, satiric.
- Points of View: Multiple perspectives in fantasy, realism, naturalism.
- Types: Story of incident (events), story of character (psychology).
- Economy: Brevity demands concise management and effects.
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Author: William Somerset Maugham (1874–1965)
William Somerset Maugham is a distinguished British author. He was born in Paris and his childhood was spent in a French-speaking society. After the death of his father, he returned to England at the age of 10. He studied at Heidelberg and at St. Thomas’s Hospital, London, and qualified as a doctor. But he preferred writing to practising medicine.
During his long career as a writer, Maugham produced a large number of novels, plays and short stories. Some of his best novels include Of Human Bondage, The Moon and Sixpence and Cakes and Ale. Maugham has an amazing skill for revealing, with a few touches, a situation and the essentials of a character, and his stories are told with a lucidity and an economy of words which are the marks of a supreme craftsman.
Major Works
- Novels: Of Human Bondage, The Moon and Sixpence, Cakes and Ale
- Short Stories: Satirical tales like The Luncheon
Key Themes
- Human folly, pretense, and irony
- Social satire and quiet revenge
- Economy in revealing character flaws
Style
First-person narrative; witty, ironic; lucid and concise prose highlighting absurdity.
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Full Story Text: The Luncheon
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Story Summary: English & Hindi (Detailed Overview)
English Summary (Approx. 1.5 Pages)
Twenty years later, the narrator reunites with a fan at a play, reminiscing about their first meeting in Paris. As a struggling writer, he had invited her to lunch at the lavish Foyot’s after she praised his book. With only 80 francs for the month, he anticipated a modest meal but was flattered and agreed.
At Foyot’s, the imposing 40-year-old woman claims to eat little, yet orders caviar, salmon, asparagus, ice cream, coffee, and champagne—escalating costs. The narrator sticks to a cheap mutton chop and water, masking panic as prices soar. She lectures on healthy eating while devouring luxuries, oblivious to his financial strain.
The bill devastates him, leaving no tip and him penniless for the month. He quips about skipping dinner; she calls him a "humorist." Revenge comes sweetly: observing her now obese at 21 stone, he savors ironic justice from the gods.
हिंदी सारांश (संक्षिप्त)
बीस साल बाद, लेखक अपनी प्रशंसक से नाटक में मिलता है, जो पेरिस में पहली भोज की याद दिलाती है। संघर्षरत लेखक के रूप में, उसने फॉयोट्स में भोज का न्योता दिया था। केवल 80 फ्रैंक के साथ, वह सस्ता भोजन सोचता था लेकिन प्रसन्न हो गया।
फॉयोट्स में, 40 वर्षीय महिला कम खाने का दावा करती है, फिर भी कैवियार, सैल्मन, शतावरी, आइसक्रीम, कॉफी और शैंपेन मंगाती है—खर्च बढ़ाती। लेखक सस्ता मटन चॉप और पानी लेता, घबराहट छिपाते हुए। वह स्वस्थ भोजन पर उपदेश देती, उसके आर्थिक संकट की अनभिज्ञ।
बिल विनाशकारी; टिप नहीं, महीना बिना पैसे। वह डिनर छोड़ने का मजाक उड़ाता; वह "हumorist" कहती। बदला: अब 21 स्टोन वजन वाली देखकर, वह देवताओं की विडंबना का आनंद लेता।
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Plot Summary: Key Events & Structure
Overview
A satirical tale of pretense and irony, framed by a reunion, flashing back to a disastrous Paris luncheon where flattery leads to financial ruin, resolved by cosmic revenge.
Structure in Phases
- Exposition: Reunion and flashback setup; narrator's impecunious Paris life.
- Rising Action: Arrival at Foyot’s; escalating orders (caviar, salmon, etc.) amid lectures.
- Climax: Asparagus and peaches; bill revelation and panic.
- Resolution: Penniless exit; witty retort; ironic revenge years later.
Points to Ponder
- Symbolism: Lavish food = greed/pretense; obesity = gluttony’s consequence.
- Narrative Voice: First-person ironic, heightening humor and self-deprecation.
- Cultural Insight: Edwardian satire on social climbing and vanity.
Tip: Circular irony—starts/ends with her, bookended by youth and excess.
Understanding the Text
1. Although the author was not a vindictive man he was very happy to see the twenty one stone lady who had impoverished him twenty years ago, and says he had finally had his revenge. What makes him say this?
- The narrator's "revenge" stems from ironic poetic justice: the woman, who hypocritically lectured on light eating while devouring an extravagant meal that bankrupted him, now embodies gluttony at 21 stone (294 lbs). Her obesity mocks her own advice ("never eat more than one thing"), turning her vanity against her.
- Though not vindictive, he observes this with "complacency" as the "immortal gods" intervene—no active malice needed. It cathartically balances the "mortifying" luncheon, where flattery masked exploitation, highlighting Maugham's theme of life's absurd ironies rewarding patience.
- This twist elevates the story from petty anecdote to satire on pretense: her "devastating passion" for luxury boomerangs, allowing the narrator quiet triumph without stooping to her level.
2. There are quite a few places where the author uses the expressions ‘my heart sank’, ‘panic seized’ etc. What was the reason for this?
- These phrases capture the narrator's mounting dread as the lunch spirals beyond his budget: "heart sank" at caviar (unaffordable luxury), "panic seized" awaiting asparagus (escalating excess). They reflect internal turmoil amid feigned hospitality.
- Rooted in his precarious finances—80 francs for the month, Foyot’s far beyond means—these visceral reactions underscore vulnerability: youth's inability to refuse a woman, flattery's trap, and fear of humiliation (borrowing or pawning watch).
- Maugham uses them for comic irony—external calm (attentive listener) contrasts inner chaos, satirizing social pretenses where poverty hides behind politeness, heightening the story's humorous pathos.
3. Locate instances of irony in the story.
- Situational Irony: Woman's "light" eating claims vs. lavish orders (caviar to peaches), impoverishing the host she lectures on health—her advice boomerangs via obesity.
- Verbal Irony: Narrator's generous retorts ("Oh, don’t say that!") mask panic; her "humorist" label ignores his literal starvation post-lunch.
- Dramatic Irony: Reader knows her future weight, savoring revenge she can't foresee; her "excuse for conversation" bite exposes gluttony. These amplify satire on hypocrisy and vanity.
Talking about the Text - Discussion Prompts
Discuss in pairs or small groups
1. People with foibles are often not conscious of them.
- The woman's oblivious gluttony—preaching moderation while indulging—exemplifies unconscious vanity; parallels modern influencers promoting diets they ignore. Explore: How do social media amplify such hypocrisies?
- Narrator's youthfully flattered compliance reveals his foible of people-pleasing; discuss gender dynamics—his reluctance to refuse a woman as outdated chivalry or universal flattery trap.
- Implications: Foibles like pretense foster exploitation; real-life: Cancel culture vs. self-awareness—how can stories like this prompt reflection without judgment?
- Personal: Share unnoticed flaws; role of humor in exposing them gently.
2. The author’s attempts at keeping up his pretence of friendliness while he was mentally preoccupied with the expense of the luncheon.
- Narrator's "generous" responses and Balkan discourse mask calculations, satirizing performative hospitality; modern parallel: Smiling through awkward dates or work lunches amid debt anxiety.
- Psychological toll: Panic vs. politeness highlights class barriers—poor feigning wealth to impress. Discuss: Economic inequality's emotional cost in social settings.
- Resolution via irony: Cosmic revenge frees pretense; explore forgiveness vs. schadenfreude—does time heal or amplify grudges?
- Creative: Rewrite from her POV—would she notice his strain, or project her narrative?
Appreciation & Analysis
1. The author is a humorist
- Maugham's dry wit shines in ironic contrasts: Woman's "light" claims vs. excess, narrator's inner panic vs. outer calm—absurdity of pretense fuels gentle satire without malice.
- Exaggerated details (teeth, peaches' blush) and hyperbolic panic (pawn watch) add comic flair; revenge's complacency delivers punchy, understated triumph.
- Self-deprecating asides ("too young to say no") humanize folly, blending pathos with laughter—hallmark of his lucid economy.
- His quip—"I’ll eat nothing for dinner tonight"—wryly literalizes her advice, masking desperation with banter; she misreads as jest, oblivious to truth, amplifying irony.
- Admits flattery's folly ("too young to have learned to say no"); mocks own chop as "miserable little," and envisions dramatic pocket-theft—self-mockery underscores youthful naivety.
2. How does the first person narrative help in heightening the literary effects of the story?
- Intimate POV immerses in narrator's thoughts—visceral "heart sank" builds suspense, contrasting dialogue's lightness for ironic humor.
- Retrospective framing adds wisdom: Flashback's immediacy vs. present complacency heightens revenge's satisfaction, revealing growth.
- Confessional tone fosters empathy, satirizing shared follies; economy shines—internal monologues condense character, amplifying satire on vanity.
Language Work
♦ Pick out the words and phrases in the text that indicate that the author was not financially well off.
- "Earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together"
- "Tiny apartment... overlooking a cemetery"
- "Eighty francs to last the rest of the month... cut out coffee for the next two weeks"
- "So far beyond my means... never even thought of going there"
- "Only enough for a quite inadequate tip... not a penny in my pocket"
Interactive Quiz - Test Your Understanding
10 MCQs on plot, themes, and language. Aim for 80%+.
Suggested Reading
- The Phantom Luncheon by Saki
- The Ant and the Grasshopper by W. Somerset Maugham
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