Complete Summary and Solutions for Effects of Physical Activities on Human Body – NCERT Class X Health and Physical Education, Chapter 2 – Explanation, Questions, Answers
Detailed summary and explanation of Chapter 2 'Effects of Physical Activities on Human Body' from the NCERT Health and Physical Education textbook for Class X, explaining how physical activities impact various body systems including muscular, skeletal, respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems. The chapter highlights physiological changes caused by exercise, benefits to health, prevention of diseases, and overall enhancement of body functioning. It includes important concepts on fitness, endurance, strength, flexibility, and motor skills. The chapter provides all NCERT questions, answers, and assignments for thorough learning.
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Categories: NCERT, Class X, Health and Physical Education, Chapter 2, Physical Activities, Human Body, Muscular System, Skeletal System, Respiratory System, Circulatory System, Digestive System, Fitness, Health, Summary, Questions, Answers, Explanation
Tags: Physical Activities, Human Body, Muscular System, Skeletal System, Respiratory System, Circulatory System, Digestive System, Fitness, Health Benefits, NCERT, Class 10, Health Education, Summary, Explanation, Questions, Answers, Chapter 2
Effects of Physical Activities on Human Body - Class 10 Health & PE Chapter 2 Ultimate Study Guide 2025
Effects of Physical Activities on Human Body
Chapter 2: Health and Physical Education - Ultimate Study Guide | NCERT Class 10 Notes, Questions, Examples & Quiz 2025
Full Chapter Summary & Detailed Notes - Effects of Physical Activities on Human Body Class 10 NCERT
Overview & Key Concepts
Chapter Goal: Discuss short/long-term effects of physical activity on organ systems for holistic health (mind-body harmony). Exam Focus: Organ integration, muscular/respiratory/circulatory effects, yoga benefits; 2025 Updates: Post-COVID emphasis on immunity via exercise. Fun Fact: ATP as "energy currency" from food oxidation. Core Idea: Systems (skeletal/muscular/respiratory/circulatory) integrate for movement/energy; activities enhance efficiency. Real-World: Athlete's lower resting heart rate. Expanded: All subtopics point-wise with evidence (e.g., vital capacity increase), examples (e.g., inhalation mechanism), debates (e.g., yoga vs gym for posture).
Wider Scope: From tissues to yoga; sources: Figs (2.1-2.10), activities (2.1-2.5), assessment Qs.
Expanded Content: Include modern aspects like HIIT for oxygen debt; point-wise for recall; add 2025 relevance like mental health post-pandemic.
Organ Systems & Integration (Intro & P1-2)
Health Definition: Healthy mind in healthy body via harmonious systems; e.g., nervous (brain commands), digestive (energy from food), circulatory (O2/nutrients via heart).
Performance Factors: Physical/mental/emotional health key for sports/events; vital during COVID-19.
Qs: Systems unison, athlete effects, yoga benefits.
Project: Health Profiles: Active vs inactive friends; motivation factors.
Key Definitions & Terms - Complete Glossary
All terms from chapter; detailed with examples, relevance. Expanded: 30+ terms grouped by subtopic; added advanced like "post-COVID immunity", "HIIT oxygen debt" for depth/easy flashcards.
Vital Organs
Key system players (heart/lungs). Ex: Heart pumps blood. Relevance: Health maintenance.
ATP
Biological energy from glucose+O2. Ex: Muscle contraction. Relevance: Fuel for activities.
Vital Capacity
Max air inhaled/exhaled (TV+IRV+ERV). Ex: 3500-5500cc post-exercise. Relevance: Lung efficiency.
Muscle Tone
Partial contraction state. Ex: From nerve signals. Relevance: Fitness maintenance.
Air left post-expiration. Ex: Cannot expel. Relevance: Lung function.
Tidal Volume
Normal breath air. Ex: Quiet breathing. Relevance: Vital capacity part.
IRV/ERV
Reserve volumes. Ex: Extra inhale/exhale. Relevance: Max capacity.
Actin/Myosin
Muscle proteins for contraction. Ex: Slide on signals. Relevance: Movement.
Posture Deformities
Bent alignments. Ex: Prevented by asanas. Relevance: Body shape.
Post-COVID Immunity
Exercise boosts (advanced). Ex: Yoga for recovery. Relevance: 2025 health.
HIIT Oxygen Debt
High-intensity interval (advanced). Ex: Quick recovery training. Relevance: Modern fitness.
Tip: Group by system; examples for recall. Depth: Debates (e.g., cardiac vs skeletal). Errors: Confuse TV/vital. Interlinks: To Ch9 asanas. Advanced: Wearable metrics. Real-Life: Athlete training. Graphs: Vital capacity chart. Coherent: Evidence → Interpretation. For easy learning: Flashcard per term with example.
60+ Questions & Answers - NCERT Based (Class 10) - From Exercises & Variations
Based on chapter + expansions. Part A: 10 (1 mark, one line), Part B: 10 (3 marks, four lines), Part C: 10 (4 marks, six lines), Part D: 10 (6 marks, eight lines). Answers point-wise in black text.
Part A: 1 Mark Questions (10 Qs - Short)
1. What is a healthy individual?
1 Mark Answer:
Healthy mind in healthy body.
2. Name a vital organ.
1 Mark Answer:
Heart.
3. What causes muscle contraction?
1 Mark Answer:
Actin-myosin slide.
4. Define ATP.
1 Mark Answer:
Biological energy.
5. What is inspiration?
1 Mark Answer:
Air intake to lungs.
6. Name heart chambers.
1 Mark Answer:
Atria/ventricles.
7. What is double circulation?
1 Mark Answer:
Blood passes heart twice.
8. Effect on muscles from activity?
1 Mark Answer:
Enlarge fibers.
9. What is vital capacity?
1 Mark Answer:
Max air volume.
10. Benefit of yoga?
1 Mark Answer:
Improves circulation.
Part B: 3 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Medium, Exactly 4 Lines Each)
1. Explain systems unison example.
3 Marks Answer:
Nervous commands movement.
Circulatory supplies O2.
Digestive provides energy.
Integrated for health.
2. Describe muscle types.
3 Marks Answer:
Skeletal: Voluntary (limbs).
Smooth: Involuntary (canal).
Cardiac: Heart, nonstop.
Striated/unstriated.
3. What is breathing mechanism?
3 Marks Answer:
Inhalation: Ribs out, diaphragm down.
Exhalation: Reverse.
Air via nostrils-trachea-lungs.
Gas exchange in alveoli.
4. Outline blood flow.
3 Marks Answer:
Deoxygenated to right atrium/ventricle.
To lungs via pulmonary artery.
Oxygenated to left side/aorta.
Double circulation.
5. Effects on bones/muscles.
3 Marks Answer:
Bones: Preserve mass vs osteoporosis.
Muscles: Strengthen, protect joints.
Increase blood supply/O2 use.
Improve balance.
6. What is oxygen debt?
3 Marks Answer:
Demand > intake during activity.
Causes fatigue (lactic acid).
Example: 3L need, 2L get.
Recovery repays.
7. Respiratory effects.
3 Marks Answer:
Larger lungs/chest volume.
Stronger diaphragm/ribs.
Pranayama boosts power.
Activates alveoli.
8. Circulatory changes.
3 Marks Answer:
Bigger heart, more capillaries.
Lower resting rate.
Higher stroke volume.
↑HDL, ↓LDL.
9. Yoga benefits.
3 Marks Answer:
Strengthens chest/lungs.
Improves respiration/circulation.
Suryanamaskar for blood flow.
Prevents deformities.
10. Why activities important?
3 Marks Answer:
Develop physical/mental health.
Vital in COVID-19.
Enhance systems harmony.
Boost performance.
Part C: 4 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Medium-Long, Exactly 6 Lines Each)
1. Describe muscular system effects.
4 Marks Answer:
Enlarge fibers/shape (60% arm).
Maintain tone from signals.
Increase proteins/capillaries.
Efficient ligaments/tendons.
Strength/speed vs fatigue.
Stretching delays lactic acid.
2. Explain respiratory improvements.
4 Marks Answer:
Size/volume increase for O2.
Pranayama/Anulom-vilom power.
Alveoli efficiency/residual air.
Vital capacity: TV+IRV+ERV=5500cc.
Diaphragm/rib strength.
Healthy body essential.
3. Outline circulatory effects.
4 Marks Answer:
Heart size/capacity/thickness.
Capillaries/hemoglobin increase.
Resting rate decrease (72→lower).
Stroke volume up for efficiency.
↓LDL/↑HDL cholesterol.
Prevents cardiac ailments.
4. Discuss yoga on body.
4 Marks Answer:
Asanas develop chest/abdomen.
Indirect respiration improvement.
Blood circulation enhance.
Suryanamaskar: Lungs strong (12 poses).
Prevents postural deformities.
Beautiful shape via muscles.
5. Why systems integrate?
4 Marks Answer:
Movement: Brain-muscles-bones.
Energy: Digestion-O2-circulation.
Example: Food to ATP via lungs/heart.
Harmony for health.
COVID: Emotional/physical vital.
Performance depends on all.
6. Explain oxygen debt.
4 Marks Answer:
Rate increase, O2 used fast.
Intake lags requirement.
Maximum exercises create debt.
Recovery: Extra O2 intake.
Example: Athlete run 3L need/2L get.
Leads to fatigue recovery.
7. Muscle performance benefits.
4 Marks Answer:
Contraction/ATP breakdown energy.
Shape/size change (tennis arms).
Tone maintenance.
Proteins/capillaries increase.
Reaction time/efficiency up.
Food storage capacity.
8. Heart changes from activity.
4 Marks Answer:
Size/walls thicken.
Capillaries/blood cells/hemoglobin.
Rate: 72→efficient lower.
Stroke: More blood per beat.
Cholesterol balance.
Disease prevention.
9. Vital capacity components.
4 Marks Answer:
TV: Normal breath.
IRV: Extra inhale.
ERV: Extra exhale.
Total: 3500-5500cc exercise.
Residual: Left air.
Alveoli activation.
10. Posture and yoga.
4 Marks Answer:
Activities prevent deformities.
Asanas for correct alignment.
Healthy muscles shape body.
Suryanamaskar circulation.
COVID emotional health.
Motivation via peers.
Part D: 6 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Long, Exactly 8 Lines Each)
1. Discuss effects on muscular system.
6 Marks Answer:
Build/strengthen protect joints.
Enlarge fibers 60% size.
Tone from continuous signals.
Proteins/capillaries for O2.
Ligaments/tendons efficient.
Strength/speed vs load/fatigue.
Stretching delays acid.
Posture/beauty via asanas.
2. Elaborate respiratory/circulatory effects.
6 Marks Answer:
Respiratory: Lungs/chest grow, pranayama power.
Vital capacity up, alveoli active.
Circulatory: Heart enlarges, rate down.
Stroke up, cholesterol balance.
Capillaries/hemoglobin increase.
Disease prevention.
Evidence: Athlete efficiency.
2025: Post-COVID lungs.
3. Explain energy production systems.
6 Marks Answer:
Digestive: Food to glucose.
Respiratory: O2 supply, CO2 removal.
Equation: Glucose+O2→ATP+CO2+H2O.
Breathing: In/ex via ribs/diaphragm.
Internal: Alveoli to blood/cells.
Circulatory: Nutrients/waste transport.
Double flow: Pulmonary/systemic.
Activity boosts all.
4. Describe yoga integral role.
6 Marks Answer:
Ensures health/fitness.
Asanas: Chest/lung muscles (Ch9).
Respiration indirect via ribs.
Circulation improvement.
Suryanamaskar: Blood/lungs strong.
Prevents deformities.
Activity 2.4: System asanas.
COVID: Emotional boost.
5. Analyze athlete permanent effects.
6 Marks Answer:
Muscular: Developed arms/tone.
Respiratory: Higher capacity.
Circulatory: Lower rate/efficiency.
O2 use/capillaries up.
Fatigue delay.
Debate: Overtrain risks.
Evidence: Marathon speed.
Modern: Tracking apps.
6. Discuss health profiles project.
6 Marks Answer:
Active: Games/yoga duration.
Motivation: Peers/fun.
Vs inactive: Poor fitness.
Effects: Systems harmony.
Present/add in class.
2025: App motivation.
Benefits: Mental/emotional.
Encourage participation.
7. Explain vital organs role.
6 Marks Answer:
Heart: Pump blood.
Lungs: O2/CO2 exchange.
Liver: Detox.
Kidney: Waste removal.
Activity 2.1: Label locations.
Integration for wellbeing.
COVID: Vital protection.
Exercise preserves.
8. Why physical activities necessary?
6 Marks Answer:
Healthy body/mind development.
Systems function harmony.
Performance in events.
COVID: Immunity/emotional.
Examples: Coordination/energy.
Long-term: Disease prevention.
Yoga integration.
Motivation via groups.
9. Detail breathing/internal respiration.
6 Marks Answer:
External: In/out via lungs.
Mechanism: Ribs/diaphragm (Fig 2.7).
Path: Nostrils-pharynx-trachea-alveoli.
Internal: O2 to blood/cells, oxidize glucose.
ATP release for energy.
Activity enhances volumes.
Pranayama boost.
Alveoli key exchange.
10. How activities affect cholesterol?
6 Marks Answer:
LDL: Bad, vessel damage.
HDL: Good, removes cholesterol.
Exercise: ↓LDL, ↑HDL.
Liver secretion balance.
Prevents heart pressure.
Evidence: Regular vs sedentary.
Yoga aids.
2025: Diet+activity.
Tip: Diagrams for flows; practice lines. Additional 30 Qs: System cases, yoga scenarios.
Key Concepts - In-Depth Exploration
Core ideas with examples, pitfalls, interlinks. Expanded: All concepts with steps/examples/pitfalls for easy learning. Depth: Debates, analysis.
Systems Integration
Steps: 1. Command (brain), 2. Energy (food/O2), 3. Movement (muscles). Ex: Run coordination. Pitfall: Ignore mental. Interlink: Effects. Depth: COVID harmony.
Yoga practices/effects; expanded with points; links to systems/debates. Added post-COVID applications, asana lists.
Asanas Benefits
Chest/abdomen/lungs develop.
Respiration indirect.
Depth: Ch9 reference.
Suryanamaskar
12 poses circulation.
Lungs strong.
Depth: Fig 2.10 steps.
Pranayama
Anulom-vilom power.
Alveoli efficiency.
Depth: Vital capacity boost.
Posture Prevention
Deformities avoid.
Beautiful shape.
Depth: Muscles healthy.
Post-COVID Yoga
Immunity emotional.
Recovery asanas.
Depth: 2025 online.
Activity 2.4 Asanas
Respiratory: Bhujangasana.
Circulatory: Tadasana.
Depth: System-specific.
Tip: Practice daily; link to effects. Depth: Timeline benefits. Examples: Pose sequences. Graphs: Capacity pre/post. Advanced: HIIT+yoga. Easy: Bullets impacts.
Solved Examples - From Text with Simple Explanations
Expanded with evidence, calcs; focus on applications, analysis. Added capacity calc, debt example.
Example 1: Blood Flow Labeling (Activity 2.2)
Simple Explanation: Heart circuit.
Step 1: Upper body → RA (+O2? No, -O2).
Step 2: RA → RV → Lungs.
Step 3: Lungs → LA (+O2).
Step 4: LA → LV → All body (+O2).
Step 5: Double pass.
Simple Way: Dirty to clean via lungs.
Example 2: Vital Capacity Calc
Simple Explanation: Lung math.
Step 1: TV=500cc normal.
Step 2: IRV=2000cc extra in.
Step 3: ERV=1000cc extra out.
Step 4: Total=3500cc base.
Step 5: Exercise →5500cc.
Simple Way: Normal + extras = max breath.
Example 3: Oxygen Debt Athlete
Simple Explanation: Recovery need.
Step 1: Run needs 3L O2.
Step 2: Gets 2L, debt 1L.
Step 3: Lactic acid fatigue.
Step 4: Recovery: Extra breaths.
Step 5: Stretch delays.
Simple Way: Borrow O2, pay back rest.
Example 4: Muscle Enlargement
Simple Explanation: Tennis arm.
Step 1: Regular swings contract.
Step 2: Fibers enlarge 60%.
Step 3: Proteins/capillaries up.
Step 4: Tone maintained.
Step 5: Strength/speed gain.
Simple Way: Use it or lose it growth.
Example 5: Heart Rate Athlete
Simple Explanation: Efficiency.
Step 1: Normal 72 bpm rest.
Step 2: Training: Bigger heart.
Step 3: Stroke volume up.
Step 4: Fewer beats suffice.
Step 5: Lower rate.
Simple Way: Bigger pump, less work.
Example 6: Yoga for Systems (Activity 2.4)
Simple Explanation: Asana match.
Step 1: Respiratory: Anulom-vilom.
Step 2: Circulatory: Suryanamaskar.
Step 3: Muscular: Tadasana.
Step 4: Practice daily.
Step 5: Track improvements.
Simple Way: Pose for part.
Tip: Practice self-assess; troubleshoot (e.g., debt high). Added for volumes, yoga.
Interactive Quiz - Master Effects of Physical Activities
10 MCQs in full sentences; 80%+ goal. Covers systems, effects, yoga.
Quick Revision Notes & Mnemonics
Concise, easy-to-learn summaries for all subtopics. Structured in tables for quick scan: Key points, examples, mnemonics. Covers integration, systems, effects, yoga. Bold key terms; short phrases for fast reading.
Subtopic
Key Points
Examples
Mnemonics/Tips
Systems Integration
Harmony: Nervous-digestive-circulatory.
Vital: Heart/lungs.
COVID: Physical/mental.
Brain-muscle-heart run.
NDC (Nervous-Digestive-Circulatory). Tip: "Mind Food Flow = Health Glow".
Overall Tip: Use NDC-TIE-DSH for full scan (5 mins). Flashcards: Front (term), Back (points + mnemonic). Print table for wall revision. Covers 100% chapter – easy for exams!
