Questions & Answers - CBSE Class 10 (60 from NCERT PDF)
20 Short (2M), 20 Medium (4M), 20 Long (8M) based on PDF exercises/content.
Short Questions (2 Marks Each) - 20 Total
1. COPRA year? (PDF p.78)
Answer: 1986.
2. RTI year? (PDF p.80)
Answer: 2005.
3. UN Guidelines year? (PDF p.78)
Answer: 1985.
4. Consumer movement start decade? (PDF p.77)
Answer: 1960s.
5. MRP full form? (PDF p.80)
Answer: Maximum Retail Price.
6. Reji compensation? (PDF p.79)
Answer: Rs 5,00,000.
7. Abirami refund? (PDF p.81)
Answer: Rs 28,000.
8. Consumers International members? (PDF p.78)
Answer: Over 200.
9. District Commission level? (PDF p.81)
Answer: Local.
10. National Commission location? (PDF p.79)
Answer: New Delhi.
11. Adulteration example? (PDF p.76)
Answer: Food/oil.
12. False info example? (PDF p.76)
Answer: Powder milk.
13. Safety valve product? (PDF p.79)
Answer: Pressure cooker.
14. Packaging detail? (PDF p.80)
Answer: Expiry date.
15. Bundling example? (PDF p.81)
Answer: Gas stove.
16. Consumer website? (PDF p.74)
Answer: Consumeraffairs.nic.in.
17. CUTS years? (PDF p.74)
Answer: 40.
18. Abirami fine? (PDF p.81)
Answer: Rs 25,000.
19. Reji class? (PDF p.79)
Answer: IX.
20. Amritha profession? (PDF p.80)
Answer: Engineering graduate.
Medium Questions (4 Marks Each) - 20 Total
1. Market exploitation ways? (PDF p.76)
Answer: Exploitation occurs through unfair trade practices like underweight goods, hidden charges not mentioned, adulterated or defective products. Sellers shift responsibility to buyers post-sale, saying "go elsewhere." Powerful producers manipulate markets with false media information to attract consumers, as seen in powder milk claims or cigarette companies denying cancer links.
2. Consumer movement origins? (PDF p.77)
Answer: Arose from consumer dissatisfaction with unfair practices and lack of legal protection. In India, it started as a social force against unethical trades like food shortages, hoarding, black marketing, adulteration in the 1960s. Initially focused on articles, exhibitions; later formed groups for ration shops, transport issues; recent upsurge in numbers.
3. COPRA significance? (PDF p.78)
Answer: Consumer Protection Act 1986 is a major step to correct unfair business conduct. It establishes three-tier quasi-judicial machinery at district, state, national levels for redressal. Resulted from consumer movement pressure; protects interests against exploitation. Updated to 2019 Act for e-commerce.
4. Right to Safety? (PDF p.79)
Answer: Protects consumers from hazardous goods/services marketing. Producers must follow safety rules (e.g., pressure cooker valve quality). Weak supervision leads to bad products. Reji's case: Hospital negligence in anesthesia crippled him; National Commission held responsible, awarded compensation.
5. Right to Information? (PDF p.80)
Answer: Consumers entitled to product details like ingredients, price, batch, manufacture/expiry, manufacturer address. Enables complaints/replacements for defects. RTI 2005 expands to government services. Amritha's case: Used RTI for job result delay, got appointment letter.
6. Right to Choose? (PDF p.81)
Answer: Consumers can choose to continue/receive services without force, regardless of age/gender/nature. Denied in bundling (e.g., toothbrush only with paste). Abirami's case: Coaching institute refunded partial fee, fined; banned advance full fees.
7. Consumers International? (PDF p.78)
Answer: Umbrella body for over 200 organizations from 100+ countries. Based on UN 1985 Guidelines for protection; tool for nations/advocacy groups to press governments. Foundation for global movement.
8. Government role? (PDF p.76)
Answer: Enact/enforce rules for fair markets, protect from high interest, exploitation. Supervise safety/quality; RTI for transparency. Establish commissions for redressal; promote awareness via movements.
9. Unfair practices 1960s? (PDF p.77)
Answer: Rampant food shortages, hoarding, black marketing, adulteration of food/edible oil. Led to organized consumer movement in India.
10. Packaging info? (PDF p.80)
Answer: Ingredients, price, batch number, manufacture/expiry date, manufacturer address. Medicines: Usage directions, side effects/risks; garments: Washing instructions. Mandatory for informed choices.
11. RTI effect? (PDF p.80)
Answer: Ensures citizens info on government functions; promotes transparency. Amritha used it for job result, got reasons for delay and appointment.
12. Safety rules examples? (PDF p.79)
Answer: LPG cylinder: Leak-proof; cinema: Fire exits; medicines: Expiry checks; edible oil: Purity standards; building: Structural safety.
13. Market imbalance? (PDF p.76)
Answer: Few powerful producers vs scattered small-purchase consumers; leads to manipulation via false info/media.
14. Consumer groups role? (PDF p.77)
Answer: Look into malpractices (ration shops, transport); write articles, hold exhibitions; pressure for corrections.
15. False claims example? (PDF p.76)
Answer: Company sold powder milk as better than mother's; cigarette firms denied cancer link; fought in courts.
16. Reji case outcome? (PDF p.79)
Answer: State Commission dismissed; National upheld hospital negligence, directed compensation.
17. Abirami violation? (PDF p.81)
Answer: Advance full fees; denied refund; fined for frivolous appeal, compensation paid.
18. MRP purpose? (PDF p.80)
Answer: Maximum price; consumers bargain below; protest if overcharged.
19. Bundling denial? (PDF p.81)
Answer: Gas dealers force stove with connection; violates choice.
20. UN Guidelines? (PDF p.78)
Answer: Tool for measures/protection; basis for international movement.
Long Questions (8 Marks Each) - 20 Total
1. Why consumer movement in India? (PDF p.77, NCERT Q1)
Answer: The consumer movement in India arose due to dissatisfaction from unfair trade practices and lack of legal protection for consumers. In the 1960s, rampant issues like food shortages, hoarding, black marketing, and adulteration of food and edible oil necessitated organized efforts. Initially, organizations focused on writing articles and holding exhibitions to raise awareness. They formed groups to address malpractices in ration shops and overcrowding in public transport. Over time, this evolved into a social force protecting consumer interests against unethical practices. The movement succeeded in pressuring businesses and government to correct unfair conduct, leading to the enactment of COPRA in 1986. It shifted responsibility from buyers to sellers for ensuring quality, highlighting the need for rules in imbalanced markets where powerful producers exploit scattered consumers. In exams, discuss examples like false advertising and the role of global influences like UN Guidelines 1985.
2. Explain right to choose with example. (PDF p.81, NCERT Q2)
Answer: The right to choose ensures that any consumer, regardless of age, gender, or nature of service, can decide whether to continue receiving a service without coercion. It is denied when consumers are forced to buy unwanted items, like gas dealers insisting on buying a stove with a new connection or shop owners bundling toothpaste with a brush. In Abirami's case, she joined a two-year coaching course, paid Rs 61,020, but opted out after one year due to poor quality. The institute denied refund, violating her right. The District Commission directed Rs 28,000 refund, upheld by State Commission with Rs 25,000 fine for frivolous appeal and Rs 7,000 compensation. It restrained all institutions from advance full fees, with penalties for violation. This right empowers consumers in markets, preventing monopolistic practices. Discuss implications for education/services and link to COPRA for comprehensive answers.
3. Role of information in consumer protection. (PDF p.80, NCERT Q3)
Answer: The right to information requires manufacturers to display details on packaging like ingredients, price, batch number, manufacture/expiry dates, and address, enabling informed choices and complaints for defects. For medicines, it includes usage directions, side effects; for garments, washing instructions. Without expiry, sellers blame shopkeepers; over MRP sales are protestable. RTI Act 2005 expands this to government functions for transparency. In Amritha's case, after submitting certificates and interviewing for a government job, officials refused result queries. She filed RTI, got delay reasons and appointment letter as she performed well. This right combats false claims and exploitation, shifting responsibility to sellers. Explain how it links to other rights like safety/choice, with examples of expired medicines or civic amenities complaints via RTI.
4. Describe consumer redressal process. (PDF p.79, NCERT Q4)
Answer: Under COPRA, a three-tier quasi-judicial system handles redressal: District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (local claims up to Rs 20 lakh), State Commission (state-level, Rs 20 lakh to 1 crore, appeals from district), National Commission (New Delhi, over Rs 1 crore, appeals from state). In Reji's case, State dismissed for insufficient evidence; National held hospital negligent, directed compensation. Process: File complaint with evidence; commissions investigate, award compensation/fines/penalties. Consumers can appeal higher levels. This empowers against exploitation, but challenges include delays/low awareness. Discuss Abirami's case where district ordered refund, state upheld with fine, restraining advance fees. Link to movement's success in establishing this for fair justice.
5. Why rules for consumer protection? (PDF p.76, NCERT Q5)
Answer: Rules are needed because individual consumers are weak against powerful producers/sellers who shift responsibility post-sale. Exploitation via underweight, adulteration, false info (e.g., powder milk better than mother's, cigarettes not causing cancer). Markets unfair when producers few/powerful, consumers scattered/small-purchase. Rules ensure safety, information, choice, redressal. Government role: Enact COPRA/RTI, supervise quality. Without, health/environment harmed, as in unorganized sector low wages/harmful conditions. Examples: Moneylenders binding borrowers, forcing land sales. Rules promote development, protect from high interest, ensure fair treatment. Discuss global context like UN Guidelines, India's movement leading to COPRA.
6. Factors causing consumer exploitation. (PDF p.76, NCERT Q6)
Answer: Exploitation due to market imbalances: Few powerful producers manipulate via media/false claims, while consumers buy small/scattered. Unfair practices: Underweight, hidden charges, adulteration/defects. Weak rule enforcement/supervision; lack of awareness/legal systems initially. Sellers shift blame: "Go elsewhere." Examples: Company sold powder milk as scientific/better than mother's for years; cigarette firms denied cancer, fought courts. In informal sector, moneylenders trick borrowers to sell produce cheap or land. Consumer passivity, presumption of buyer responsibility. Movement arose to shift quality ensuring to sellers. Discuss role of government/groups in countering via rules like COPRA, awareness.
7. Right to seek redressal. (PDF p.79, NCERT Q7)
Answer: Consumers have right to justice against unfair practices via compensation/replacement. COPRA's three-tier system: District (local), State, National Commissions. Reji's suffering: Anesthesia negligence crippled him; father claimed Rs 5,00,000, State dismissed, National awarded for medical deficiency. Abirami: Fee refund denied, District ordered Rs 28,000, State upheld with fines. This right ensures accountability, but needs strong movement for enforcement. Discuss process: File with evidence, appeals; penalties like imprisonment for violations. Link to other rights, importance in empowering consumers.
8. Consumer courts importance. (PDF p.81, NCERT Q8)
Answer: Consumer courts (District/State/National Commissions under COPRA) provide quasi-judicial redressal for exploitation, awarding compensation/fines. They correct unfair conduct, hold sellers accountable. In Reji's case, National directed hospital payment for negligence. Abirami's: Refund + fine, banned advance fees. Importance: Empower weak consumers against powerful firms; promote fair markets; enforce rights like safety/info/choice. Challenges: Delays, low awareness; need active groups. Discuss evolution from movement, global parallels like Consumers International.
9. RTI Act role in consumer rights. (PDF p.80, NCERT Q9)
Answer: RTI 2005 ensures citizens info on government functions, expanding right to information for transparency/accountability. In consumer context, aids complaints on public services (e.g., civic amenities like roads/water). Amritha used it for job result delay, got reasons/appointment. Complements product info on packaging. Role: Combats exploitation in government services; empowers questioning non-listened complaints. Link to broader rights: Informed choices lead to redressal. Discuss civic examples, integration with COPRA.
10. Describe consumer movement forward. (PDF p.82, NCERT Q10)
Answer: India's movement leading with COPRA, active groups, legal measures, but slow due to passive consumers, complex decisions, low awareness/education. Forward: Increase participation, collective action for enforcement; educate on rights/redressal. Challenges: Rules exist but not followed; need stronger supervision. 2019 Act adds e-commerce protection. Discuss global: Consumers International as umbrella; UN Guidelines foundation. Suggest ways: Awareness campaigns, more forums, digital rights focus.
11. Safety rules for products. (PDF p.79, NCERT Q11)
Answer: Producers observe safety for hazardous goods/services. Examples: LPG cylinder (leak-proof valves); cinema (fire exits/ventilation); circus (safety nets/equipment); medicines (purity/expiry); edible oil (adulteration-free); pandal (fire-resistant/stable); building (structural codes/seismic). Negligence leads to accidents; weak supervision persists. Reji's case highlights medical safety. Discuss government role in standards, consumer movement for enforcement.
12. MRP variations reasons. (PDF p.80, NCERT Q12)
Answer: Prices higher/lower than MRP due to bargaining (below allowed), overcharging exploitation (illegal), or discounts. Consumer groups should protest overcharges, educate on rights. MRP is maximum; sellers can't exceed. Discuss role in protection, link to info right; examples of complaints leading to action.
13. Packaged goods info utility. (PDF p.80, NCERT Q13)
Answer: Info like ingredients (allergies), expiry (safety), address (complaints) useful for informed safe use. Missing: Environmental impact, GMOs, nutritional details. Discuss mandatory rules, consumer role in demanding more for better protection.
14. Steps by consumer groups. (PDF p.78, NCERT Q14)
Answer: Write articles/exhibitions for awareness; form groups on issues like ration/transport; pressure government/firms for corrections; advocate UN Guidelines implementation. Led to COPRA. Discuss current: Legal aid, testing products, filing cases.
15. Why rules not followed? (PDF p.78, NCERT Q15)
Answer: Weak enforcement/supervision, corruption, low awareness, passive consumers, complex processes. Discuss need for strong movement, education, collective action to ensure compliance.
16. Producer responsibility shift. (PDF p.77, NCERT Q16)
Answer: Earlier, buyers responsible ("caveat emptor"); movement shifted to sellers for quality. Awareness/organizations ensured. Discuss impact: Better products, redressal via COPRA.
17. False info impacts. (PDF p.76, NCERT Q17)
Answer: Attracts via media, leads to harm (e.g., powder milk not better, cigarettes cause cancer). Courts forced acceptance after struggles. Discuss need for regulations, consumer vigilance.
18. Market role of consumers/producers. (PDF p.76, NCERT Q18)
Answer: Producers make/sell; consumers buy/use. Imbalance leads to exploitation; rules protect. Discuss examples from sectors, need for fair play.
19. Amritha case details. (PDF p.80, NCERT Q19)
Answer: Engineering graduate interviewed for government job; no result news. Officials refused queries; filed RTI, got delay reasons/appointment as performed well. Highlights RTI in rights.
20. Abirami case outcome. (PDF p.81, NCERT Q20)
Answer: Paid Rs 61,020 for two years; opted out after one for poor quality. Refund denied; District ordered Rs 28,000, State upheld with Rs 25,000 fine, Rs 7,000 compensation; banned advance fees.
Practice Tip: 2M: 2min; 4M: 5min; 8M: 12min; use cases/rights.
