29°C is quite warm, and **84% humidity** is very high — this means the weather will feel **very hot and sticky** (heat index will feel like 36–38°C).

Advice:

• Pack only **light cotton clothes** (T-shirts, shorts, frocks).
• Take a **cotton umbrella** or cap for sun protection.
• Carry a **water bottle** – she will sweat a lot.
• Avoid thick or synthetic clothes – they will make her feel hotter.
• Light-coloured clothes are better than dark ones.

Best site: 3. Open ground with elevated platform

Reasons:

• Rain gauge must be in an **open area** so that rain falls directly into it without any obstruction.
• It should be **away from trees, buildings, or walls** that can block rain or cause splash.
• Elevated platform keeps it safe from animals, children, and flooding.
• Other places are wrong:
  • Vegetable garden → plants block rain
  • Terrace → wind effect, splash from roof
  • Near compound wall → wall blocks rain
  • Verandah → roof blocks rain

Sample Weather Report Script (1 February 2024 – Evening)

“Good evening, this is your weather update for Jammu & Kashmir on 1st February 2024.

Temperatures have dropped sharply across the region with most places recording below-freezing minimum temperatures.

• Srinagar: Max 6.5°C, Min 0.2°C – cold day with light rain/snow (13.4 mm)
• Qazigund: Max 3.2°C, Min -0.4°C – very cold, heavy rain (36.2 mm)
• Pahalgam: Max 1.1°C, Min -6.1°C – freezing with snowfall
• Kupwara & Kukernag: Below 0°C maximum – extremely cold
• Gulmarg: Max -2.6°C – heavy snowfall (35.2 cm)
• Muzaffarabad: Slightly warmer at 8.5°C max

High humidity (90–100%) across the valley. Travelers are advised to carry heavy woollens and be cautious of slippery roads due to snow and rain.”

(a) The condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time is called weather.

(b) The layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth’s surface is the troposphere.

(c) Temperature is measured using a thermometer.

(d) The amount of water vapour present in the air is called humidity.

(e) Weather forecasts help us prepare for heavy rain, storms, drought and heat waves.

(i) Weather changes every day. → True

(ii) All weather phenomena take place in the stratosphere. → False (They take place in the troposphere)

(iii) The troposphere is thicker at the equator than at the poles. → True

(iv) High humidity makes us feel comfortable in summer. → False (It makes us feel sticky and uncomfortable)

(v) Weather forecasts are not important for farmers. → False (They are very important)

(i) The blanket of air around the Earth → Atmosphere

(ii) The lowest layer of the atmosphere → Troposphere

(iii) Instrument to measure rainfall → Rain gauge

(iv) Amount of water vapour in air → Humidity

(v) Predicting future weather → Weather forecasting

(a) What is weather?
Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time with respect to temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, air pressure and cloudiness.

(b) Why is the troposphere called the weather layer?
All weather phenomena like rain, wind, clouds, storms, etc., take place in the troposphere because it contains water vapour, dust particles and almost all the air we breathe.

(c) Name any four elements of weather.
Temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, air pressure, cloud cover (any four).

(a) Explain any four instruments used to measure weather elements.
1. Thermometer: Measures temperature in °C.
2. Rain gauge: Measures amount of rainfall in millimetres.
3. Anemometer: Measures wind speed.
4. Barometer: Measures air pressure (high pressure = clear sky, low pressure = rain).

(b) How do weather forecasts help us? Give examples.
Weather forecasts by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) help us prepare for extreme weather:
• Heavy rain → prevent floods, close schools
• Cyclones → evacuate coastal areas
• Heat waves → health alerts, avoid outdoor work
• Drought → water conservation, crop planning
• Cold waves → protect homeless people and crops
Farmers, fishermen, pilots, and disaster teams depend on forecasts to save lives and property.

(Draw a funnel on top of a cylinder with measurement markings, placed in open area away from buildings.)

Maintain a weather diary for one week. Record daily temperature, rainfall, humidity (if possible), wind, and cloud cover. Compare with TV/news forecast.