"तब याद तुम्हारी आती है" कविता के कवि कौन हैं?

रामनरेश त्रिपाठी

कविता में कवि को किसकी याद आती है?

सिरजनहार (ईश्वर) की

"सिरजनहार" शब्द का क्या अर्थ है?

सृष्टि की रचना करने वाला ईश्वर

सवेरे किन दृश्यों से कवि को प्रभु की याद आती है?

चिड़ियों के गीत, खिलती कलियाँ और ठंडी हवा से

रात के समय कौन-से दृश्य कवि को प्रभावित करते हैं?

चमकते तारे और शान से उठता चाँद

What is the origin of the word “pankha”?

It comes from “pankh”, meaning the feather of a bird; pankhi referred to a small plumed fan used in ancient India.

Where is the earliest evidence of the pankha found?

In the Buddhist wall paintings at Ajanta, which date back to the 2nd century CE.

How were pankhas used in ancient times?

They were used in temples to fan deities and in royal courts to fan kings, and varied from tiny two-inch fans to very large ones.

How does the structure of a fan reflect its region?

Each place used distinct materials and designs – for example Rajasthan’s appliqué and zardozi, Gujarat’s mirror and bead work, Bengal’s sola – reflecting local culture.

Why is Gujarat important in the story of pankhas?

Gujarat is a centre for bead craft, and its home-based women workers make embroidered fans with mirror work and cross-stitch.

What kinds of fans come from Bengal?

Delicate sola fans made from the white spongy centre of the sola water grass and palm-leaf Tal Patar Pankhas.

How has the use of the pankha changed in modern times?

It has shifted from personal use to mainly decorative purposes and become a traditional craft item providing livelihood to artisans.

What risk does the pankha face today?

With the advent of technology and new innovations, the craft risks slowly losing its presence in Indian life.

How can the craft of pankha-making be preserved?

By celebrating and appreciating it, running pankha-making workshops, and giving artisans a commercial platform for sustainable livelihood.

How does the title “Winds of Change” capture the chapter’s essence?

It refers both to the breeze a fan creates and to the changing cultural role of the pankha from everyday object to decorative heritage craft.

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Winds of Change — Class 9 English

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English · 8 chapters

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CBSE Class 9English Kaveri

Chapter 3: Winds of Change

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Summary

This informational prose lesson traces the history and cultural significance of the Indian hand fan, the pankha. The word comes from “pankh” (a bird’s feather), and the small plumed fan, pankhi, can be seen in Ajanta wall paintings from the second century CE. Fans were once used in temples to fan deities and in royal courts to fan kings, ranging from tiny two-inch fans to huge ones needing a full arm’s strength. Over time pankhas became valued trade goods, considered exotic and stylish, with each region developing its own distinctive materials and intricate designs. The essay surveys regional varieties: Rajasthan’s appliqué, zardozi and temple fans; Gujarat’s mirror-work, beadwork and Kutch leather fans; Bengal’s delicate sola and palm-leaf (Tal Patar) fans; Uttar Pradesh’s Phadh fans of gold and silk; and the sturdy bamboo fans of Bihar and Odisha. It notes how tribal communities use grass, cane, bamboo and geometric patterns. With modern technology, the pankha now serves mainly decorative purposes and risks losing its place in everyday life, though it provides livelihood to artisans. The author argues that celebrating pankhas, running workshops and creating commercial platforms can preserve this craft. The title “Winds of Change” captures both the literal breeze of the fan and the changing role of this tradition.

Indian handicraftsCultural heritage of the pankhaRegional craft traditionsPreservation vs. modernityInformational / expository prose

Key terms

Pankha / pankhi

Pankha is the general word for a hand fan, from “pankh” (feather); pankhi is the small plumed fan seen in ancient India.

Ajanta wall paintings

Buddhist paintings from the 2nd century CE that provide early evidence of the pankha’s existence and use in India.

Appliqué / zardozi fans

Rajasthani fan styles – appliqué uses patterned fabric pieces sewn on cloth; zardozi uses glittering gold thread-work.

Sola / Tal Patar Pankha

Bengal’s delicate fans – sola fans from spongy white water grass and Tal Patar palm-leaf fans common in households.

Theme – cultural preservation

The fan’s shift from daily use to decorative craft, and the need to preserve a tradition threatened by technology.

Title significance

“Winds of Change” works on two levels: the breeze the fan creates and the changing cultural role of the craft.

Important questions

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Key-term flashcards

TermPankha / pankhi Tap to reveal meaning

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Practice quiz · Winds of Change

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Winds of Change

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