Class 9 › English › Kaveri Chapter 3: Winds of ChangeClass 9 English — summary, notes, extra questions & NCERT solutions Tap a card to open it full-screen — swipe through like a story.
The word "pankha" originates from which word?
A Punkah, meaning a ceiling fan B Pankaj, meaning lotus C Pankh, meaning the feather of a bird D Pavan, meaning wind
This informational prose lesson traces the history and cultural significance of the Indian hand fan, the pankha. The word comes from “pankh” (a bird’s feather), and the small plumed fan, pankhi, can be seen in Ajanta wall paintings from the second century CE. Fans were once used in temples to fan deities and in royal courts to fan kings, ranging from tiny two-inch fans to huge ones needing a full arm’s strength. Over time pankhas became valued trade goods, considered exotic and stylish, with each region developing its own distinctive materials and intricate designs. The essay surveys regional varieties: Rajasthan’s appliqué, zardozi and temple fans; Gujarat’s mirror-work, beadwork and Kutch leather fans; Bengal’s delicate sola and palm-leaf (Tal Patar) fans; Uttar Pradesh’s Phadh fans of gold and silk; and the sturdy bamboo fans of Bihar and Odisha. It notes how tribal communities use grass, cane, bamboo and geometric patterns. With modern technology, the pankha now serves mainly decorative purposes and risks losing its place in everyday life, though it provides livelihood to artisans. The author argues that celebrating pankhas, running workshops and creating commercial platforms can preserve this craft. The title “Winds of Change” captures both the literal breeze of the fan and the changing role of this tradition.
P Pankha / pankhi Pankha is the general word for a hand fan, from “pankh” (feather); pankhi is the small plumed fan seen in ancient India.
A Ajanta wall paintings Buddhist paintings from the 2nd century CE that provide early evidence of the pankha’s existence and use in India.
A Appliqué / zardozi fans Rajasthani fan styles – appliqué uses patterned fabric pieces sewn on cloth; zardozi uses glittering gold thread-work.
S Sola / Tal Patar Pankha Bengal’s delicate fans – sola fans from spongy white water grass and Tal Patar palm-leaf fans common in households.
T Theme – cultural preservation The fan’s shift from daily use to decorative craft, and the need to preserve a tradition threatened by technology.
T Title significance “Winds of Change” works on two levels: the breeze the fan creates and the changing cultural role of the craft.
Q1 What is the origin of the word “pankha”? Answer Q2 Where is the earliest evidence of the pankha found? Answer Q3 How were pankhas used in ancient times? Answer Q4 How does the structure of a fan reflect its region? Answer Q5 Why is Gujarat important in the story of pankhas? Answer Q6 What kinds of fans come from Bengal? Answer Q7 How has the use of the pankha changed in modern times? Answer Q8 What risk does the pankha face today? Answer Q9 How can the craft of pankha-making be preserved? Answer Q10 How does the title “Winds of Change” capture the chapter’s essence? Answer Q1 I Does anyone in your family use a hand fan? What do you call it in your language? What is it made of? Answer Q2 II Work in pairs. Study the pictures given below carefully and complete the information. Discuss your answers with your classmates and teacher. Fans The State it is from Assam Kerala Uttar Pradesh Shape _____________ _____________ _____________ Made of _____________ Palm leaf Moonj grass Answer Q3 III Work in pairs. Match the underlined words in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2 given on the next page. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. I visited the crafts fair yesterday. It was a wonderful experience. Each indigenous artefact was an innovative creation of industrious craftspersons with its intricate design. It invoked a sense of respect for the initiatives taken by the government to showcase them. - 1. indigenous Answer Q4 III Work in pairs. Match the underlined words in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2 - 2. innovative Answer Q5 III Work in pairs. Match the underlined words in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2 - 3. industrious Answer Q6 III Work in pairs. Match the underlined words in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2 - 4. intricate Answer Q7 III Work in pairs. Match the underlined words in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2 - 5. invoked Answer Q8 III Work in pairs. Match the underlined words in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2 - 6. initiatives Answer Q1 I Work in pairs to complete the table on pankha. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher. State Type of Fan Material Used Rajasthan appliqué hand fan ____________________ ____________________ gold thread temple hand fans ____________________ Gujarat mirror work hand fans ____________________ ____________________ beads ____________________ leather, decorated with thread and wool West Bengal sola hand fans ____________________ Uttar Pradesh ____________________ pure gold, silver zari, silk and satin frills Bihar ____________________ bamboo Answer Q1 I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 1. Over time, pankhas became significant cultural goods distributed through trade routes. They were considered exotic and stylish. Although there was substantial commonality in their use across India, different villages and towns developed their own varieties of traditional pankhas. Each place developed pankhas with distinct materials or a variety of intricate designs, that set them apart from one another. (i) State whether the following sentence is true or false. Pankhas were one of the most popular items of commerce. Answer Q2 I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 1. Over time, pankhas became significant cultural goods distributed through trade routes. They were considered exotic and stylish. Although there was substantial commonality in their use across India, different villages and towns developed their own varieties of traditional pankhas. Each place developed pankhas with distinct materials or a variety of intricate designs, that set them apart from one another. (ii) Why has the word ‘traditional’ been used to describe pankhas? Answer Q3 I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 1. Over time, pankhas became significant cultural goods distributed through trade routes. They were considered exotic and stylish. Although there was substantial commonality in their use across India, different villages and towns developed their own varieties of traditional pankhas. Each place developed pankhas with distinct materials or a variety of intricate designs, that set them apart from one another. (iii) Complete the following statement. The sentence ‘They were considered exotic and stylish’ is an opinion and not a fact because ______________________. Answer Q4 I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 1. Over time, pankhas became significant cultural goods distributed through trade routes. They were considered exotic and stylish. Although there was substantial commonality in their use across India, different villages and towns developed their own varieties of traditional pankhas. Each place developed pankhas with distinct materials or a variety of intricate designs, that set them apart from one another. (iv) Infer one reason for commonality in the use of pankhas across India. Answer Q5 I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 1. Over time, pankhas became significant cultural goods distributed through trade routes. They were considered exotic and stylish. Although there was substantial commonality in their use across India, different villages and towns developed their own varieties of traditional pankhas. Each place developed pankhas with distinct materials or a variety of intricate designs, that set them apart from one another. (v) Select which one of the two statements is the correct assertion for the given reason. Reason: Pankhas were made of indigenous materials, unique to the region, with elaborate designs. A. Each kind of pankha could be distinguished from the other. B. Pankhas were used by many people. Answer Q6 I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. With time and the advent of technology and innovative creations, the beautiful culture of pankhas runs the risk of slowly losing its presence among Indians. Once made for personal use, over time this handicraft has transformed into a commercial business and now provides some form of livelihood to India’s artisans. The slight increase in popularity and demand is significantly factored by the different versions of the pankha being crafted. (i) Infer one negative impact of technological advancement on pankha. Answer Q7 I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. With time and the advent of technology and innovative creations, the beautiful culture of pankhas runs the risk of slowly losing its presence among Indians. Once made for personal use, over time this handicraft has transformed into a commercial business and now provides some form of livelihood to India’s artisans. The slight increase in popularity and demand is significantly factored by the different versions of the pankha being crafted. (ii) Complete the statement with an appropriate reason. The writer refers to ‘pankhas’ not just as an object but as a ‘culture’ because ___________. Answer Q8 I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. With time and the advent of technology and innovative creations, the beautiful culture of pankhas runs the risk of slowly losing its presence among Indians. Once made for personal use, over time this handicraft has transformed into a commercial business and now provides some form of livelihood to India’s artisans. The slight increase in popularity and demand is significantly factored by the different versions of the pankha being crafted. (iii) Select a line from the extract which depicts how the role of the pankha has changed over the years. Answer Q9 I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. With time and the advent of technology and innovative creations, the beautiful culture of pankhas runs the risk of slowly losing its presence among Indians. Once made for personal use, over time this handicraft has transformed into a commercial business and now provides some form of livelihood to India’s artisans. The slight increase in popularity and demand is significantly factored by the different versions of the pankha being crafted. (iv) List one way in which the increase in demand of pankhas might benefit artisans. Answer Q10 I Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. 2. With time and the advent of technology and innovative creations, the beautiful culture of pankhas runs the risk of slowly losing its presence among Indians. Once made for personal use, over time this handicraft has transformed into a commercial business and now provides some form of livelihood to India’s artisans. The slight increase in popularity and demand is significantly factored by the different versions of the pankha being crafted. (v) Select the factor that has contributed to the commercialisation of pankhas. A. cultural preservation B. economic demand C. technological advancements D. artisan initiative Answer Q11 II Answer the following questions. 1. How does the title ‘Winds of Change’ capture the essence of the chapter? Answer Q12 II Answer the following questions. 2. Support the following statement with any two relevant examples from the chapter. ‘The structure and design of pankhas are testimony to the cultural identity of the region.’ Answer Q13 II Answer the following questions. 3. The chapter mentions pankhas running the risk of slowly losing their presence among Indians. Evaluate how the balance between preserving traditional craftsmanship and incorporating innovative designs in the creation of pankhas will help in this regard. Answer Q14 II Answer the following questions. 4. How might initiatives such as pankha-making workshops contribute to the preservation of this traditional craft? Answer Q15 II Answer the following questions. 5. The writer mentions celebrating pankhas in the concluding part of the chapter. Assess how this could be beneficial to artisans and the craft. Answer Q16 II Answer the following questions. 6. How does the restriction of the use of pankha for decorative purposes reflect the changing cultural role of these traditional fans in modern India? Answer Q1 I Read the following pairs of words from the text. exotic and stylish villages and towns thread and wool silk and brass ornate and encrusted within and outside 1. Classify the pairs of words given above in the following categories. One example has been done for you. Appearance Place Material within and outside Now, find more such word pairs from the text and share them with your classmates and teacher. Answer Q2 II Find the word pairs for the following fixed expressions. Write the meanings of these expressions by selecting them from the box given below. One example has been done for you. Some common expressions with ‘and’ have a fixed order which cannot be changed. The shortest expression comes first. For example, bread and butter (*not butter and bread) Word 1 Word 2 Fixed Expression Meaning of the Expression 1. high tear 2. cut fast 3. fact sundry 4. all thin all and sundry (v) everyone, not just a few special people 5. wear figures 6. time run 7. thick again 8. hard dry Now, match the following meanings with the correct word pairs created above. (i) in a difficult situation, without help or money– (ii) the damage to object due to normal use – (iii) accurate and detailed information – (iv) even when there are problems or difficulties– (v) everyone, not just a few special people– (vi) often; on many or all occasions– (vii) To make a quick or sudden escape – Answer Q3 II Find the word pairs for the following fixed expressions. - Match (i) in a difficult situation, without help or money– Answer Q4 II Find the word pairs for the following fixed expressions. - Match (ii) the damage to object due to normal use – Answer Q5 II Find the word pairs for the following fixed expressions. - Match (iii) accurate and detailed information – Answer Q6 II Find the word pairs for the following fixed expressions. - Match (iv) even when there are problems or difficulties– Answer Q7 II Find the word pairs for the following fixed expressions. - Match (v) everyone, not just a few special people– Answer Q8 II Find the word pairs for the following fixed expressions. - Match (vi) often; on many or all occasions– Answer Q9 II Find the word pairs for the following fixed expressions. - Match (vii) To make a quick or sudden escape – Answer Q10 III Read the following word combinations from the text. sustainable livelihood aesthetically pleasing appreciating the culture The given phrases are conventional combinations just like fixed expressions. Such combinations are called collocations. 1. Choose the appropriate word collocations for the following sentences. (i) The students have to (take/give) the English exam tomorrow. Answer Q11 III Read the following word combinations from the text. 1. Choose the appropriate word collocations for the following sentences. (ii) The interviewer asked the candidate to (take/have) a seat. Answer Q12 III Read the following word combinations from the text. 1. Choose the appropriate word collocations for the following sentences. (iii) My scooter (dashed against/ran into) a car. Answer Q13 III Read the following word combinations from the text. 1. Choose the appropriate word collocations for the following sentences. (iv) I must (take/own) responsibility for my success. Answer Q14 III Read the following word combinations from the text. 1. Choose the appropriate word collocations for the following sentences. (v) I would like to (tone up/improve) my grammar. Answer Q15 IV Read the following sentences. Underline the verbs. 1. In modern times, pankhas have become traditional craft items in India. 2. Gujarat’s industrious home-based women workers have worked tirelessly in the handicraft of pankha-making. 3. Many tribes in India have adopted this handicraft. 4. Once made for personal use, this handicraft has transformed into a commercial business. The underlined verbs refer to the past, but have relevance to the current or present time. This form of tense is called the present perfect tense. Recently completed actions also take the present perfect form of tense. Now, fill in the blanks with the present perfect form of verbs in the following paragraph. One example has been done for you. Puppets have long fascinated (fascinate) audiences worldwide. Puppeteers (i) ______ (create) intricate characters and captivating stories with their skillful artistry. They (ii) __________ (master) the delicate movements that bring these lifeless figures to life, entertaining both children and adults. Over the years, puppetry (iii) ___________ (evolve), using modern technology while preserving traditional techniques. Many puppeteers (iv) __________ (pass) down their craft through generations, ensuring its continuity. They (v) ________ (perform) in theatres, on television, and at festivals, conveying important cultural narratives. Answer Q1 I You will listen to a dialogue between a boy and a girl discussing which type of pankha they should choose as a gift. As you listen, choose four statements out of seven that are true from 1–7 given below. (Transcript for teacher on page 263) 1. Rohan thinks Grandma prefers heavier items because they feel more substantial. 2. Priya suggests getting a pankha that can be easily moved around. 3. Rohan believes Grandma enjoys sitting in the verandah during the evenings. 4. Priya knows Grandma likes to keep special items close to her. 5. Rohan thinks a pankha with intricate designs would be too delicate for Grandma’s liking. 6. Priya suggests choosing between a bamboo pankha with beadwork or an embroidered pankha with mirror work. 7. Rohan decides they should buy the pankha without consulting their mom. Answer Q1 I Work in groups of four. Look at the pictures of the four different kinds of fans given below. Each of you in the group will pick one kind of fan. Imagine yourself to be that fan. Use the points given in the box below. Introduce yourself as the fan which you have chosen. Describe yourself, for example, your features, etc. What do you like about yourself? What do you feel is your weakness? What makes you unique? Hand fan Ceiling fan Table fan Handheld fan Answer Q1 I Describe an artefact you have made in your craft class or learnt from someone. Begin with collection and organisation of the facts with the help of the pointers given above. Do not include your opinion in the factual description. Answer Q1 I Identify any art or craft item from your region and make a presentation describing its features, materials, and process involved in making it, its usage, etc. You may refer to the points given on the next page. Name of the object and its physical characteristics— appearance, shape, size, colour, etc. What is it made up of? Which region does it belong to? How has it been used traditionally? Is there an origin story associated with it? How has it evolved over time? How can it be used effectively and safely in today’s time? Answer Q2 II You can also make your own hand fan. Take ideas from the pictures given below and in groups of four, make your own hand fan. Display the hand fans in the class and describe the process used to make it. Hand fan 1 2 3 Paper hand fan 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 7. 6. Answer Q1 I Work in pairs. Discuss what all you see in a garden. Think of the colours you see and where you see them. Share your responses with your teacher. Answer Q2 II Look at the picture of a garden and a painting given below. Speak about any similarities between the garden and the painting. Speak using the following: Just as a garden ______________, similarly, a painting ______________ A garden and a painting, both ________. ______________ is common to both a garden and a painting. Like a garden, a painting too __________. Answer Q3 III Let us acquaint ourselves with the meanings of palette, hue, and canvas. 1. Palette: a thin oval or rectangular board or tablet that a painter holds and mixes colours on. 2. Hue: shade of a colour 3. Canvas: (here) painting Now, look at the painting given above and identify palette, canvas, and select a hue. Answer Q1 I Read the poem again and complete the summary of each stanza by filling in the blanks. 1. The ______________ is portrayed as a rich palette where gardeners’ __ __ __ a __ s flourish in the form of ______________, awaiting spring. Answer Q2 I Read the poem again and complete the summary of each stanza by filling in the blanks. 2. The garden flowers ______________ into a beautiful display of different b __ __ __ __ __ m s, resembling a ______________ by Mother Nature, in the light of morning. Answer Q3 I Read the poem again and complete the summary of each stanza by filling in the blanks. 3. Each garden is likened to a wide __ __ n __ __ s, integrating art and __________. Through the efforts of gardeners, gardens transform into still-life ______________. Answer Q4 II Select the appropriate title for each stanza from those given below. There are two extra titles. 1. Nature’s Work of Art 2. Sweet-smelling Blossoms 3. Gardens as Living Canvases 4. Earth and Possibilities 5. The Painter’s Canvas Answer Q5 III Match the poetic devices in Column 1 to the examples in Column 2. Discuss your responses in pairs. Then share the responses with your classmates and teacher. Column 1 Column 2 1. Imagery [mind pictures] (i) appreciative 2. Metaphor [comparison without use of ‘like’ or ‘as’] (ii) AABB 3. Rhyme Scheme (iii) ‘Blossoms bloom’ 4. Tone [what the poet feels] (iv) colours, brushstrokes, blossoms, shades of green 5. Mood [what the reader feels] (v) a gardener 6. Speaker (vi) garden as a painting, plot as canvas, seeds as brushstrokes 7. Alliteration [same consonant sound] (vii) joyful Answer Q1 I Read the given extracts from the poem and answer the questions that follow. 1. Brushstrokes of seeds, planted true, Awaiting spring’s vibrant hue. (i) The poet has used a metaphor in ‘Brushstrokes of seeds’. Which option from those given below uses a metaphor? A. Her mother’s heart heard her heartfelt request with kindness. B. She has a heart of gold. C. Her heart did a dance of joy on seeing the new doll. D. She has a very kind heart. Answer Q2 I Read the given extracts from the poem and answer the questions that follow. 1. Brushstrokes of seeds, planted true, Awaiting spring’s vibrant hue. (ii) Complete the sentence appropriately. The phrase ‘planted true’ is significant because it implies __________. Answer Q3 I Read the given extracts from the poem and answer the questions that follow. 1. Brushstrokes of seeds, planted true, Awaiting spring’s vibrant hue. (iii) Why has the poet used the word ‘hue’ instead of ‘colours’ in the extract? Answer Q4 I Read the given extracts from the poem and answer the questions that follow. 1. Brushstrokes of seeds, planted true, Awaiting spring’s vibrant hue. (iv) Complete the following analogy correctly with a word from the extract. Summer: hot :: Spring : _________ Answer Q5 I Read the given extracts from the poem and answer the questions that follow. 1. Brushstrokes of seeds, planted true, Awaiting spring’s vibrant hue. (v) Read the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) and select the option that is correctly suited. (A): Gardeners wait for Spring. (R): Gardens are worth painting in Spring. A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). C. (A) is true but (R) is false. D. (A) is false but (R) is true. Answer Q6 I Read the given extracts from the poem and answer the questions that follow. 2. Each plot, a canvas wide, Where art and life coincide. (i) What does ‘Each plot’ refer to in this extract? Answer Q7 I Read the given extracts from the poem and answer the questions that follow. 2. Each plot, a canvas wide, Where art and life coincide. (ii) Select which option imitates the rhyme scheme of the extract. A. beautiful and clear laughter and cheer B. beautiful and clear laughter and tears Answer Q8 I Read the given extracts from the poem and answer the questions that follow. 2. Each plot, a canvas wide, Where art and life coincide. (iii) Select the line from the extract that conveys that gardening blends aesthetic beauty with natural growth. Answer Q9 I Read the given extracts from the poem and answer the questions that follow. 2. Each plot, a canvas wide, Where art and life coincide. (iv) Complete the following sentence appropriately. The plot is likened to a canvas suggesting that _____________. Answer Q10 I Read the given extracts from the poem and answer the questions that follow. 2. Each plot, a canvas wide, Where art and life coincide. (v) Why has the poet most likely used the word ‘wide’ instead of ‘long’ in ‘canvas wide’? Answer Q11 II Give reasons for the comparisons made by the poet in the poem. 1. A painter is compared to a gardener because ______________. Answer Q12 II Give reasons for the comparisons made by the poet in the poem. 2. A palette is like earth as __________________. Answer Q13 II Give reasons for the comparisons made by the poet in the poem. 3. The brushstrokes are like seeds because _________________. Answer Q14 II Give reasons for the comparisons made by the poet in the poem. 4. A canvas is similar to a garden plot as __________________. Answer Q15 III Answer the following questions. 1. How does the metaphor ‘Brushstrokes of seeds’, enhance the understanding of gardening as an art form? Answer Q16 III Answer the following questions. 2. What can you infer about the poet’s perspective on the relationship between nature and creativity from the following lines? ‘Each plot, a canvas wide,/Where art and life coincide.’ Answer Q17 III Answer the following questions. 3. Do you think the imagery in the poem successfully paints a vivid picture in the reader’s mind? If yes, why? If no, why not? Answer Q18 III Answer the following questions. 4. Support the view that the poet’s mention of the colour yellow, besides red, blue and green, would have lent effectively to the imagery. Answer Q19 III Answer the following questions. 5. Considering the line ‘Gardens become paintings still’, what can you interpret about the poet’s view on the timelessness of nature’s beauty? Answer Q20 III Answer the following questions. 6. Justify the title of the poem, ‘Canvas of Soil’. Answer Q1 I The poet refers to the shades of green, red, and blue in the poem. Let us read some of the names of different shades of these colours. Navy blue Indigo Cobalt blue Denim Sky blue Ice blue Pine green India green Apple green Jade Olive Pistachio Rusty red Salmon Scarlet Crimson Blood red Vermilion Now, Discuss in pairs, any two things that you can associate with these colours. Answer Q2 II You have studied painting-related words like palette, brushstrokes, shades, hue, colours, and canvas. Now, read the following paragraph and discuss in pairs what the underlined painting-related words might mean. Discuss this way: I think ____________ means ____________ because the passage talks about ____________. Example: I think portrait means a picture of someone’s face because the passage talks about capturing a friend’s features. In the art studio, young painters eagerly approached their easels, each framing a canvas that they had to work on. The teacher encouraged them to experiment with a diverse tonal range, playing with shades and hues to bring their paintings to life. One student focused on a detailed portrait, capturing his friend’s features, first with careful underpainting and then filling the final colours. Another student worked on a mural, depicting a Spring Day on the right wall of the classroom. The room continued to buzz with artistic energy. Answer Q1 I You will listen to a young girl describe her school garden. As you listen identify which of the following 1–3, she does not talk about. (Transcript for teacher on page 264) 1. 2. 3. Answer Q2 II You will once again listen to the young girl. As you listen, circle the correct answer from the options given below. Statements Options 1. The colour of flowers in the first row white red pink 2. The type of flowers in the second row marigold jasmine rose 3. Position of the type of useful plants left corners right corners left and right corners 4. The number of potted evergreen plants 15 20 25 5. The paint colour on the bricks bordering the garden black and white red and black white and red 6. Type of tree in the centre of the garden neem peepal banyan 7. Things created with waste material dustbins plant name boards bird houses Answer Q1 I People wish to have a garden at home. Some like a flower garden and some a vegetable garden. Think and note some advantages of both these types, as gardens for homes. Answer Q2 II Would you like to have a flower garden or a vegetable garden at home? Why? Take turns with your partner and speak your points aloud, one by one, by using the given sentence prompts to express your preference, with reasons. I prefer __________ to __________ because ... For me , it is a __________ instead of a __________ due to ... If I had a choice I’d rather have a ________than a __________ as ... I would prefer __________ rather than __________ since ... Answer Q1 I Write a descriptive piece of two to three paragraphs describing the details and colours in the garden you have visited. Focus on how different shades of blue, red, and green interact, create contrast, and bring the garden to life. Pay attention to details like the texture of petals, the varying greens of leaves, and the way light affects the colours. Answer Q1 I Mini-Project Objective: Explore the multifaceted world of gardens—their design, cultural significance, artistic inspiration, and the art of gardening itself. Duration: This project can span over a few weeks, allowing students adequate time for research and creative processes. Select any TWO assignments. Any one from 1 or 2, and any one from 3 or 4 (1) Do research and collect information on any FIVE famous gardens of India, such as Amrit Udyan, Brindavan Gardens, and many others. Focus on history, design elements, and cultural significance. Prepare a short report and make a presentation. (2) Explore various art forms (painting, sculpture) inspired by gardens. Select an art piece and analyse how the garden is represented. Create a visual or written response inspired by the garden. (3) Design your own garden Design a garden on paper or using digital tools. Incorporate elements and artistic inspirations learned from parts (1)/(2). Present your choices in design and artistic influences to the class. (4) Interview with a Gardener or Landscaping Expert Approach a local gardener or a landscaping expert for an interview. Prepare questions focussed on understanding the practical aspects of gardening/landscaping. Write a summary of your experience. Answer Key-term flashcards
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Pankha is the general word for a hand fan, from “pankh” (feather); pankhi is the small plumed fan seen in ancient India.
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