Complete Summary and Solutions for Adventure Sports – Health and Physical Education Textbook for Class XI, Chapter 11

Full Chapter Summary & Detailed Notes - Adventure Sports Class 11 NCERT

Overview & Key Concepts

Chapter Goal: Explore adventure sports for excitement and nature exploration. Exam Focus: Classifications (water/land/air), Paragliding (history, techniques, instruments), Surfing (types, dangers, safety). 2025 Updates: Olympic integration (surfing from 2020), adventure tourism boom. Fun Fact: Paragliding coined in 1985 manual. Core Idea: Thrilling activities satisfying human curiosity and robust behavior.
Wider Scope: From classifications to safety; sources: Figs (paragliding/surfing), Do You Know? (inventors). Expanded: Risk management in modern adventures.
Expanded Content: Point-wise for recall; add 2025 relevance like eco-adventure ethics.

Introduction to Adventure Sports

Classification: 1. Water (rafting, surfing), 2. Land (mountaineering, trekking), 3. Air (paragliding, jumping). Camping in Class IX; focus on paragliding/surfing as exciting/classical.
Purpose: Fulfill exploration desire, satisfy robust behavior.
Example: Invented from curiosity during nature exploration.
Expanded: High-risk, high-reward; promotes fitness/decision-making.

Conceptual Diagram: Paragliding (Fig 11.1)

Gliders over mountains; visualizes free flight thrill.

Why This Guide Stands Out

Comprehensive: All techniques/safety point-wise, 2025 with Olympic surfing; analyzed for adventure prep.

Paragliding

Definition: Engine-less recreational/competitive flying; needs courage/decisiveness.
History: Jalbert (1954 governable parachutes), Neumark prediction, Lemoigne Para-commander, Barish sail wing (1965), Gilligan/Dubois manual (1985). First World Championship: Austria 1989.
Classification: 1. Light-weight gliding, 2. Free flying glider, 3. Foot-launched glider (no rigid structure).
Sitting Position & Structure: Harness below fabric wing (20-35 sq m, 8-12 m span, 3-7 kg); lines from spectra (56 kg break strength). Total gear: 12-22 kg. Speed: 20-75 km/h. Storage: Folded in backpack.
Instruments: 1. Variometer (thermal detection, audio/visual climb/sink), 2. Radio (training comms, airport), 3. GPS (track analysis, drift/position).
Flying Techniques: Forward (low wind, run inflate), Reverse (high wind, face wing then turn). No jumping like hang gliders.
Landing: Figure-8 to lose height, line up into wind, full speed then stall at 1m.
Control: Brakes/accelerator (speed bar) in hands.
Competitions: 1. Cross-country (club to international), 2. Aerobatic (manoeuvres, pairs), 3. Bivouac (multi-day route).
Do You Know?: Jalbert parafoil (1963, aerofoil shape).
Expanded: Sky parachutes differ (tool vs thermal flights).

Exam Activities

Discuss safety (Act implied); chart instruments.

Surfing

Definition: Riding waves (board/no board); Olympic from 2020. Surface water sport on ocean/lake/river waves or artificial.
History: Ancient Polynesian culture; observed Tahiti 1767. George Freeth 'Father of Modern Surfing' (1883-1919). Pro contests 1975; Margo Oberg first female pro.
Governing Body: International Surfing Association; global play.
Types: 1. Stand-up (long/short board, style/wave differ), 2. Body Surfing/Boarding (no board, belly/drop knee), 3. Surf Matting (inflatable mats/foils), 4. Tow-surfing (vehicle tow for big waves).
Surfboards: Long (10 ft, friction/slow, beginner balance), Short (6 ft, control/manoeuvrability, experienced).
Dangers: Seabed (falls/collisions at reefs/beaches low tide), Rip Currents (outflow channels; paddle parallel to exit, up to 50 ft wide).
Related Sports: Paddle boarding/kayaking (no waves), Kite/wind-surfing (wind power), V-drive boat waves.
Do You Know?: Freeth credited as modern surfing father.
Expanded: Artificial waves for practice/safety.

Conceptual Diagrams: Surfing (Figs 11.2 & 11.3)

Surfer on wave; types illustration.

Safety and Security

General: High risk; certified/skilled, follow measures.
Paragliding: Safety instruments (variometer/GPS/radio), gear (helmet/guards), licensed assistance, inspect brakes/lines, practice before long routes, maintain fitness.
Surfing: Recognize currents/deep faces, practice artificial waves, stay safe zone.
Expanded: Physical/mental fitness for quick decisions.

Summary Key Points

Adventure Sports: Classified water/land/air; Paragliding (engine-less flight, techniques/instruments), Surfing (wave riding, types/dangers). Safety paramount.
Impact: Excitement/exploration; challenges: Risks/mitigation.

Project & Group Ideas

Group: Role-play launch techniques; individual: Safety poster.
Debate: Adventure sports in Olympics.
Ethical role-play: Rip current rescue.

Key Definitions & Terms - Complete Glossary

All terms from chapter; detailed with examples, relevance. Expanded: 30+ terms grouped; added advanced like "Thermal Core" (lift detection), "Rip Current" for depth/easy flashcards.

Adventure Sports

Extraordinary activities for excitement/nature. Ex: Rafting/paragliding. Relevance: Curiosity fulfillment.

Paragliding

Engine-less flying sport. Ex: Foot-launched glider. Relevance: Courage/decisiveness.

Surfing

Riding waves on board/body. Ex: Stand-up on ocean. Relevance: Olympic 2020.

Forward Launch

Low wind run to inflate wing. Ex: Flatland. Relevance: Air pressure generation.

Reverse Launch

High wind face wing then turn. Ex: Slopes. Relevance: Advantages over forward.

Variometer

Thermal/sink detector. Ex: Beeps for climb. Relevance: Height gain.

Cross-Country Flying

Classical competition form. Ex: Club/international. Relevance: Distance challenges.

Stand-Up Surfing

Riding standing on board. Ex: Long/short. Relevance: Modern definition.

Body Surfing

No board, body catches wave. Ex: Purest form. Relevance: Belly/drop knee.

Rip Current

Shore outflow channel. Ex: Flat water trap. Relevance: Paddle parallel to exit.

Seabed Danger

Collisions at reefs/beaches. Ex: Low tide falls. Relevance: Violent tumbling.

Foot-Launched Glider

No rigid structure aircraft. Ex: Harness suspension. Relevance: Paragliding type.

Spectra Lines

Strong paraglider material. Ex: 0.66mm = 56kg break. Relevance: Wing maintenance.

GPS Track

Flight analysis tool. Ex: Competition sharing. Relevance: Drift avoidance.

Aerobatic Competitions

Manoeuvres for individuals/pairs. Ex: Synchronous shows. Relevance: Spectacular.

Tow-Surfing

Vehicle tow for big waves. Ex: Personal watercraft. Relevance: Speed matching.

Surf Matting

Inflatable mats/foils. Ex: Foil surfing. Relevance: Alternative type.

Parafoil

Aerofoil parachute. Ex: Jalbert 1963. Relevance: Historical invention.

Bivouac Flying

Multi-day route hike/fly. Ex: Several days. Relevance: Endurance comp.

International Surfing Association

Highest governing body. Ex: Global contests. Relevance: Pro since 1975.

Thermal Core

Rising air for height. Ex: Variometer beeps. Relevance: Lift exploitation.

Speed Bar Mechanism

Brakes/accelerator control. Ex: Adjust glider speed. Relevance: Pilot hands.

Artificial Waves

Boat/pool created. Ex: Practice safety. Relevance: Beginner intro.

Margo Oberg

First female pro surfer. Ex: 1975 contests. Relevance: Women's milestone.

George Freeth

Father of Modern Surfing. Ex: 1883-1919. Relevance: Credited pioneer.

Polynesian Culture

Ancient surfing central. Ex: Tahiti 1767 observed. Relevance: Historical roots.

Reverse Launch Advantages

Better in high winds. Ex: Face wing control. Relevance: Technique choice.

Stall Landing

Pause glider at 1m. Ex: Full speed then stall. Relevance: Safe touchdown.

Longboard

10 ft friction board. Ex: Beginner balance. Relevance: Slower speed.

Shortboard

6 ft control board. Ex: Experienced manoeuvres. Relevance: Faster turns.

Deep Face Wave

Dangerous moving wave part. Ex: Surfer recognition. Relevance: Safety awareness.

Wave Current

Sea flow for safe zone. Ex: Surfer positioning. Relevance: Avoid dangers.

Licensed Personnel

Required assistance. Ex: Paragliding guidance. Relevance: No solo without.

Fitness Standard

Physical/mental for decisions. Ex: Untoward situations. Relevance: Key factor.

Tip: Group by sport; examples for recall. Depth: Safety debates. Errors: Confuse launches. Interlinks: To wellness chapters. Advanced: Eco-impacts. Real-Life: Adventure tourism. Graphs: Speed ranges. Coherent: History → Techniques. For easy learning: Flashcard per term with example.

Text Book Questions & Answers - NCERT Exercises

Direct from assessment (page 336). Answers based on chapter content, point-wise for exams.

Long Answer Questions

1. Write down the use of Variometer in paragliding.

Answer:

Main purpose: Help pilot find/stay in thermal core for height gain; indicate sinking air to find rising.
Features: Audio signals (beeps increase pitch/tempo in ascent, drone deepens in descent); visual display; shows altitude (takeoff/sea level/flight level).

2. Explain ‘tow-surfing’.

Answer:

Definition: Associated with big wave surfing; motorized vehicle (e.g., personal watercraft) tows surfer into wave front.
Purpose: Matches large wave speed (higher than self-propelled); helps access deep faces.

3. Discuss the safety measures to keep in mind during paragliding.

Answer:

Certified/skilled before starting.
Carry instruments: Variometer, GPS, Radio for dangers.
Wear gear: Helmet, knee/chest guards, protective equipment.
Assisted by licensed personnel.
Inspect brakes/lines regularly.
Practice before long routes.
Maintain physical/mental fitness for quick decisions.

4. Briefly explain Sea beds and Rip Currents.

Answer:

Seabed: Poses danger in falls; wave tumbles surfer down to shallow reefs/beaches (low tide); serious injuries/kills from collisions.
Rip Currents: Channels flowing from shore; appear flat, carry swimmers out beyond waves; up to 50 ft wide; exit by paddling parallel to shore.

5. How does Global Positioning System work?

Answer:

Necessary for competitions; records flight track for technique analysis/sharing.
Determines wind drift at altitude; provides position to avoid restricted airspace.
Identifies location post-landing for retrieval in unfamiliar areas.

Short Answer Questions

1. Name the person who invented paragliding.

Answer: No single inventor; key: Domina C. Jalbert (1954 governable parachutes); term coined by Patrick Gilligan/Bertrand Dubois (1985 manual).

2. Name the two flying techniques in paragliding.

Answer: Forward launch (low wind run), Reverse launch (high wind face wing).

3. Classify the categories of adventure sports.

Answer: 1. Adventure water sports, 2. Adventure land sports, 3. Adventure air sports.

4. In which year, the first world championship for surfing was held?

Answer: Not specified; pro contests started 1975; surfing Olympic debut 2020 (Tokyo).

5. What are the different types of surfing?

Answer: 1. Stand-up, 2. Body Surfing/Boarding, 3. Surf Matting, 4. Tow-surfing.

Tip: Practice long answers (safety/instruments); full marks: Examples + points.

Key Concepts - In-Depth Exploration

Core ideas with examples, pitfalls, interlinks. Expanded: All concepts with steps/examples/pitfalls.

Adventure Classifications

Steps: 1. Water/land/air divide, 2. Sub-types (e.g., surfing/paragliding). Ex: Exploration curiosity. Pitfall: Overlook safety. Interlink: History. Depth: Robust behavior satisfaction.

Paragliding Instruments

Steps: 1. Variometer for thermals, 2. GPS for tracks, 3. Radio for comms. Ex: Beeps ascent. Pitfall: No carry = risk. Interlink: Competitions. Depth: Height/drift control.

Flying Techniques

Steps: 1. Choose wind (forward/reverse), 2. Inflate/launch. Ex: Run forward low wind. Pitfall: Wrong technique crash. Interlink: Landing. Depth: No jump like gliders.

Surfing Types

Steps: 1. Stand-up/body/matting/tow, 2. Board choice (long/short). Ex: Tow for big waves. Pitfall: Ignore dangers. Interlink: Boards. Depth: Purest body form.

Safety Measures

Steps: 1. Certified/gear, 2. Inspect/practice. Ex: Recognize rips. Pitfall: Skip fitness. Interlink: Dangers. Depth: Quick decisions key.

Paragliding Competitions

Steps: 1. Cross-country/aerobatic/bivouac, 2. Levels (club/international). Ex: Manoeuvres pairs. Pitfall: Underestimate endurance. Interlink: History. Depth: 1989 first worlds.

Surfing Dangers

Steps: 1. Seabed collisions, 2. Rip escapes. Ex: Parallel paddle. Pitfall: Enter flat areas. Interlink: Safety. Depth: Low tide risks.

Historical Inventions

Steps: 1. Jalbert parachutes, 2. 1985 manual. Ex: Barish sail wing. Pitfall: Ignore evolution. Interlink: Classifications. Depth: Slope-soaring origins.

Surfboard Differences

Steps: 1. Long friction/balance, 2. Short control. Ex: Beginners long. Pitfall: Mismatch skill. Interlink: Types. Depth: Manoeuvrability trade-off.

Thermal Exploitation

Steps: 1. Variometer core, 2. Climb thousands m. Ex: Sources lift. Pitfall: Sink ignore. Interlink: Instruments. Depth: Hours/kilometers flights.

Artificial Waves

Steps: 1. Boat/pool create, 2. Practice safe. Ex: Beginner skills. Pitfall: Direct deep sea. Interlink: Dangers. Depth: Controlled environment.

Reverse Launch Benefits

Steps: 1. Face wing up, 2. Turn run. Ex: High wind control. Pitfall: Forward in gusts. Interlink: Techniques. Depth: Number of advantages.

Olympic Surfing

Steps: 1. 2020 debut, 2. Wave riding event. Ex: Forward/deep face. Pitfall: Overlook history. Interlink: Governing. Depth: Global pro 1975.

Glider Structure

Steps: 1. Fabric cells/lines, 2. Harness suspend. Ex: 20-35 sq m. Pitfall: Weak lines break. Interlink: Speed. Depth: No engine, skill lift.

Stall Technique

Steps: 1. Figure-8 height loss, 2. Stall at 1m. Ex: Into wind full speed. Pitfall: Abort impossible. Interlink: Landing. Depth: Unpowered aircraft.

Advanced: Risk analysis, eco-adventures. Pitfalls: Technique errors. Interlinks: To fitness chapters. Real: Tourism apps. Depth: 14 concepts details. Examples: Launches. Graphs: Speed tables. Errors: Type confusion. Tips: Steps evidence; compare (paragliding/surfing).

Historical Development - Detailed Guide

Evolution of paragliding/surfing; expanded with points; links to inventors/policies. Added global/Indian milestones.

Paragliding Roots (1950s-1980s)

Jalbert 1954: Governable parachutes.
Neumark: Cliff launch prediction.
Lemoigne: Para-commander.
Barish 1965: Sail wing slope-soaring.
Gilligan/Dubois 1985: Manual coins term.

Depth: From parachutes to free flight.

Paragliding Milestones

1989: First World Championship Austria.
Do You Know: Jalbert parafoil 1963.

Depth: Competitive formalization.

Surfing Ancient to Modern

Centuries: Polynesian culture central.
1767: British observe Tahiti.
Freeth (1883-1919): Father modern.
1975: Pro contests; Oberg first female.
2020: Olympic induction.

Depth: From cultural to global sport.

Governing Evolution

International Surfing Association: Highest body.
Global play; pro era 1975.

Depth: Professionalization.

Modern Boom (Olympics/Tourism)

Surfing Olympic 2020; paragliding worlds ongoing.
2025: Adventure eco-focus.

Depth: Accessibility via artificial waves.

Global Parallels

Surfing: Ocean/lake/river waves.
Paragliding: Slope/flat launches worldwide.

Depth: Universal thrill-seeking.

Tip: Link to timelines. Depth: Inventor impacts. Examples: Manuals. Graphs: Year chronology. Advanced: Post-2025 drone assists. Easy: Bullets milestones.

Technique Examples - From Text with Simple Explanations

Expanded with evidence, interpretations; focus on application, analysis. Added launch/landing/surfing breakdowns.

Example 1: Forward Launch Technique

Simple Explanation: Low wind inflation.

Step 1: Wing behind, run forward.
Step 2: Air pressure inflates.
Step 3: Gain lift.
Step 4: Soar safely.
Simple Way: Run → Inflate → Fly.

Example 2: Reverse Launch Technique

Simple Explanation: High wind control.

Step 1: Face wing, pull up.
Step 2: Turn under wing.
Step 3: Run to launch.
Step 4: Airborne.
Simple Way: Face → Turn → Launch.

Example 3: Paragliding Landing

Simple Explanation: Height loss safe.

Step 1: Figure-8 over zone.
Step 2: Line up into wind.
Step 3: Full speed to 1m.
Step 4: Stall pause.
Simple Way: Circle → Align → Stall.

Example 4: Stand-Up Surfing

Simple Explanation: Board riding.

Step 1: Paddle into wave.
Step 2: Stand on board.
Step 3: Ride forward face.
Step 4: Manoeuvre to shore.
Simple Way: Paddle → Stand → Ride.

Example 5: Rip Current Escape

Simple Explanation: Safety manoeuvre.

Step 1: Spot flat water.
Step 2: Avoid entry.
Step 3: If caught, paddle parallel shore.
Step 4: Swim back diagonally.
Simple Way: Spot → Parallel → Escape.

Example 6: Variometer Use

Simple Explanation: Thermal detection.

Step 1: Listen beeps pitch/tempo.
Step 2: High = ascent core.
Step 3: Drone = sink, find rising.
Step 4: Maximize height.
Simple Way: Beep → Core → Climb.

Tip: Practice simulations; troubleshoot (e.g., wind errors). Added for techniques/safety.

Interactive Quiz - Master Adventure Sports

10 MCQs in full sentences; 80%+ goal. Covers history, techniques, safety, types.

Quick Revision Notes & Mnemonics

Concise summaries for subtopics. Tables for scan: Key points, examples, mnemonics. Covers classifications, techniques, safety.

Subtopic	Key Points	Examples	Mnemonics/Tips
Classifications	Water: Rafting/surfing. Land: Mountaineering/trekking. Air: Paragliding/jumping.	Surfing water; paragliding air.	WLA (Water, Land, Air). Tip: "Waves Lift Adventures" – Category flow.
Paragliding Techniques	Forward: Low wind run. Reverse: High wind face.	Run inflate; turn launch.	FR (Forward Run, Reverse Turn). Tip: "Fast Run, Reverse Twist" – Wind match.
Instruments	Variometer: Thermals/beeps. Radio: Comms/pickup. GPS: Tracks/drift.	Beeps climb; position aid.	VRG (Variometer, Radio, GPS). Tip: "Very Risky Glides? Use VRG" – Safety trio.
Surfing Types	Stand-up: Board ride. Body: No board. Matting: Inflatable. Tow: Vehicle pull.	Longboard stand; belly body.	SBMT (Stand, Body, Matting, Tow). Tip: "Surf Big Massive Tsunamis" – Type progression.
Safety Measures	Certified/gear. Instruments/inspect. Practice/fitness.	Helmet guards; rip parallel.	CIP (Certified, Inspect, Practice). Tip: "Courage In Practice" – Risk prep.

Overall Tip: Use WLA-FRG-VRG-SBMT-CIP for full scan (5 mins). Flashcards: Front (term), Back (points + mnemonic). Covers 100% chapter – easy for exams!

Key Terms & Processes - All Key

Expanded table 30+ rows; quick ref. Added advanced (e.g., Parafoil, Bivouac). Overflow fixed.

Term/Process	Description	Example	Usage
Adventure Sports	Excitement/nature activities	Rafting/paragliding	Exploration
Paragliding	Engine-less flight	Foot-launched	Courage
Surfing	Wave riding	Stand-up board	Olympic 2020
Forward Launch	Run inflate low wind	Air pressure	Flatland
Reverse Launch	Face wing high wind	Turn run	Slopes
Variometer	Thermal detector	Beeps climb	Height
Cross-Country	Distance comp	Club levels	Classical
Stand-Up Surfing	Board standing	Long/short	Modern
Body Surfing	No board body	Belly catch	Purest
Rip Current	Shore outflow	Parallel paddle	Escape
Seabed Danger	Fall collisions	Reef low tide	Injury
Foot-Launched	No rigid glider	Harness wing	Type
Spectra Lines	Strong material	56kg break	Maintenance
GPS Track	Flight analysis	Drift avoid	Comp
Aerobatic	Manoeuvres pairs	Synchronous	Spectacular
Tow-Surfing	Vehicle big wave	Watercraft tow	Speed
Surf Matting	Inflatable foils	Mat ride	Alternative
Parafoil	Aerofoil chute	Jalbert 1963	Invention
Bivouac Flying	Multi-day route	Hike fly	Endurance
ISA	Surf governing	Global pro	1975
Thermal Core	Rising air	Variometer	Lift
Speed Bar	Brake accelerator	Speed adjust	Control
Artificial Waves	Boat pool	Practice	Safe
Margo Oberg	First female pro	1975	Milestone
George Freeth	Modern father	1883-1919	Pioneer
Polynesian	Ancient culture	Tahiti 1767	Roots
Reverse Advantages	Wind control	Face up	High gust
Stall Landing	Pause 1m	Figure-8	Safe
Longboard	10ft friction	Beginner	Balance
Shortboard	6ft control	Experienced	Manoeuvre
Deep Face	Danger wave	Recognition	Safety
Wave Current	Sea flow	Safe zone	Position
Licensed Personnel	Assistance required	Guidance	No solo
Fitness Standard	Physical mental	Decisions	Key
Sail Wing	Slope soaring	Barish 1965	History

Tip: Examples memory; sort sport. Easy: Table scan. Added 10 rows depth.

Safety Measures Step-by-Step

Step-by-step breakdowns of core safety/processes. Visual descriptions; focus on actionable steps with examples.

Process 1: Paragliding Pre-Flight Safety

Step 1: Get certified/skilled.
Step 2: Carry instruments (variometer/GPS/radio).
Step 3: Wear helmet/guards/protective gear.
Step 4: Ensure licensed assistance.
Step 5: Inspect brakes/lines.

Visual: Certify → Gear Up → Inspect → Launch Safe.

Process 2: Surfing Wave Recognition

Step 1: Spot current flow.
Step 2: Identify deep face dangers.
Step 3: Stay safe zone.
Step 4: Practice artificial first.
Step 5: Maintain fitness.

Visual: Spot → Avoid Deep → Zone Safe → Ride.

Process 3: Rip Current Escape

Step 1: Recognize flat area.
Step 2: Don't fight out.
Step 3: Paddle parallel shore.
Step 4: Swim diagonal back.
Step 5: Signal for help if needed.

Visual: Flat → Parallel → Diagonal → Safe Shore.

Process 4: Paragliding Practice Build

Step 1: Short routes first.
Step 2: Master techniques.
Step 3: Simulate emergencies.
Step 4: Review with GPS.
Step 5: Advance to long/bivouac.

Visual: Short → Master → Simulate → Advance.

Process 5: Surfboard Selection

Step 1: Assess skill (beginner long).
Step 2: Consider wave type.
Step 3: Balance friction vs control.
Step 4: Test in artificial.
Step 5: Adjust for conditions.

Visual: Skill → Wave → Balance → Test → Adjust.

Process 6: Instrument Check

Step 1: Variometer calibrate.
Step 2: Radio frequencies set.
Step 3: GPS charged/tracked.
Step 4: Test signals pre-flight.
Step 5: Backup plan ready.

Visual: Calibrate → Set → Charge → Test → Backup.

Tip: Follow like checklist; apply to scenarios. Easy: Number + example per step.

Complete Summary and Solutions for Adventure Sports – Health and Physical Education Textbook for Class XI, Chapter 11 – Explanation, Questions, Answers

Adventure Sports

Full Chapter Summary & Detailed Notes - Adventure Sports Class 11 NCERT

Overview & Key Concepts

Introduction to Adventure Sports

Conceptual Diagram: Paragliding (Fig 11.1)

Why This Guide Stands Out

Paragliding

Exam Activities

Surfing

Conceptual Diagrams: Surfing (Figs 11.2 & 11.3)

Safety and Security

Summary Key Points

Project & Group Ideas

Key Definitions & Terms - Complete Glossary

Adventure Sports

Paragliding

Surfing

Forward Launch

Reverse Launch

Variometer

Cross-Country Flying

Stand-Up Surfing

Body Surfing

Rip Current

Seabed Danger

Foot-Launched Glider

Spectra Lines

GPS Track

Aerobatic Competitions

Tow-Surfing

Surf Matting

Parafoil

Bivouac Flying

International Surfing Association

Thermal Core

Speed Bar Mechanism

Artificial Waves

Margo Oberg

George Freeth

Polynesian Culture

Reverse Launch Advantages

Stall Landing

Longboard

Shortboard

Deep Face Wave

Wave Current

Licensed Personnel

Fitness Standard

Text Book Questions & Answers - NCERT Exercises

Long Answer Questions

1. Write down the use of Variometer in paragliding.

2. Explain ‘tow-surfing’.

3. Discuss the safety measures to keep in mind during paragliding.

4. Briefly explain Sea beds and Rip Currents.

5. How does Global Positioning System work?

Short Answer Questions

1. Name the person who invented paragliding.

2. Name the two flying techniques in paragliding.

3. Classify the categories of adventure sports.

4. In which year, the first world championship for surfing was held?

5. What are the different types of surfing?

Key Concepts - In-Depth Exploration

Adventure Classifications

Paragliding Instruments

Flying Techniques

Surfing Types

Safety Measures

Paragliding Competitions

Surfing Dangers

Historical Inventions

Surfboard Differences

Thermal Exploitation

Artificial Waves

Reverse Launch Benefits

Olympic Surfing

Glider Structure

Stall Technique

Historical Development - Detailed Guide

Paragliding Roots (1950s-1980s)